JPEG 2000 Encoding and Decoding
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ITU-T Rec. T.800 (08/2002) Information Technology
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T T.800 TELECOMMUNICATION (08/2002) STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU SERIES T: TERMINALS FOR TELEMATIC SERVICES Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Core coding system ITU-T Recommendation T.800 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15444-1 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION T.800 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Core coding system Summary This Recommendation | International Standard defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy compression methods for coding bi-level, continuous-tone grey-scale, palletized color, or continuous-tone colour digital still images. This Recommendation | International Standard: – specifies decoding processes for converting compressed image data to reconstructed image data; – specifies a codestream syntax containing information for interpreting the compressed image data; – specifies a file format; – provides guidance on encoding processes for converting source image data to compressed image data; – provides guidance on how to implement these processes in practice. Source ITU-T Recommendation T.800 was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 16 (2001-2004) and approved on 29 August 2002. An identical text is also published as ISO/IEC 15444-1. ITU-T Rec. T.800 (08/2002 E) i FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. -
Transition to Digital Digital Handbook
TRANSITION TO DIGITAL DIGITAL HANDBOOK Audio's video issues tion within one audio sample, the channels of audio over a fiber-optic in- There can be advantages to locking preambles present a unique sequence terface. This has since been superseded the audio and video clocks, such as for (which violate the Biphase Markby AES 10 (or MADI, Multichannel editing, especially when the audio and Code) but nonetheless are DC -freeAudio Digital Interface), which sup- video programs are related. Althoughand provide clock recovery. ports serial digital transmission of 28, digital audio equipment may provide 56, or 64 channels over coaxial cable or an analog video input, it is usually bet- Like AES3, but not fiber-optic lines, with sampling rates ter to synchronize both the audio and A consumer version of AES3 -of up to 96kHz and resolution of up to the video to a single higher -frequencycalled S/PDIF, for Sony/Philips Digi-24 bits per channel. The link to the IT source, such as a 10MHz master refer-tal Interface Format (more formallyworld has also been established with ence. This is because the former solu- known as IEC 958 type II, part of IEC- AES47, which specifies a method for tion requires a synchronization circuit60958) - is also widely used. Essen- packing AES3 streams over Asynchro- that will introduce some jitter into thetially identical to AES3 at the protocol nous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. signal, especially because the video it- level, the interface uses consumer - It's also worth mentioning Musical self may already have some jitter. To ac- friendly RCA jacks and coaxial cable.Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) for broadcast operations. -
Asi6614, Asi6618 Multistream Pci-Express Sound Card
09 DECEMBER 07 ASI6614, ASI6618 MULTISTREAM PCI-EXPRESS SOUND CARD DESCRIPTION FEATURES The ASI6614 and ASI6618 are professional PCI-Express sound cards • 4 or 12 mono/stereo streams of playback into 4 stereo outputs designed for use in radio broadcast automation. (ASI6614) Providing up to 16 play streams that are mixed to 4 (ASI6614) or 8 • 8 or 16 mono/stereo streams of playback into 8 stereo outputs (ASI6618) stereo outputs and up to 2 record streams fed from one (ASI6618) stereo input, the ASI6614 and ASI6518 feature AudioScience’s unique “anything to anywhere” mixing and routing. • 1 or 2 mono/stereo streams of record from 1 stereo input The ASI6614 and ASI6618 provide both balanced analog and AES/EBU • Formats include PCM, MPEG layer 2 and MP3 with sample rates to inputs and outputs. The maximum analog input and output level is 96kHz +24dBu. • MRX™ technology supports digital mixing of multiple stream A choice of uncompressed PCM, MPEG layer 2 and MP3 is available for formats and sample rates both recording and playback. All compression is handled by an on- board floating point DSP, allowing the host computer to focus on other • TSX™ time scaling allows compression/expansion of play streams tasks. by up to +/-20% with no pitch shift ASI6614 and ASI6618 functionality includes MRX™ multi-rate mixing • SSX™ mode for multichannel playback and mixing technology that allows streams of different sample-rates and formats to be mixed digitally. TSX™ time scaling allows compression/expansion of • Balanced stereo analog inputs and outputs with levels to +24dBu any or all playback streams in real time with no change in pitch. -
Application Note
AN5073 Application note Receiving S/PDIF audio stream with the STM32F4/F7/H7 Series Introduction The Sony/Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF) is a point-to-point protocol for serial and uni-directional transmission of digital audio through a single transmission line for consumer and professional applications. The transmission of data can be done in several ways, by electrical or optical means. The S/PDIFRX peripheral embedded in STM32 devices is designed to receive an S/PDIF flow compliant with IEC-60958 and IEC-61937, which define the physical implementation requirements as well as the coding and the protocol. These standards support simple stereo streams up to high sample rates, and compressed multi-channel surround sound, such as those defined by Dolby or DTS. This application note describes electrical interfaces, to properly connect the S/PDIF stream generated by an external device to an STM32 device embedding the S/PDIFRX interface peripheral, since the voltage level of the S/PDIF line is not the same as that used in STM32 devices. AN5073 - Rev 2.0 - June 2018 www.st.com For further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales office. AN5073 S/PDIF Interface 1 S/PDIF Interface This document applies to Arm®-based devices. Note: Arm is a registered trademark of Arm Limited (or its subsidiaries) in the US and/or elsewhere. 1.1 S/PDIF background S/PDIF is an audio interface for transmission of digital audio data over reasonably short distances between modules of systems such as home theaters or hi-fi. S/PDIF is a single-wire serial uni-directional, self-clocking interface. -
Sd/Hd Mpeg 2 and Mpeg 4 Ird
MODEL RD-RD-3030 SD/HD MPEG 2 AND MPEG 4 IRD www.amt.com RD-30 SD/HD MPEG 2 and MPEG 4 IRD Video Decoder Profiles: * VBI / VANC PROCESSING MPEG 2 SD/HD Profile : ISO 13818-2 MP@ML and MP@HL SDI Ancillary support for: MPEG 4 SD/HD Profile: ISO/IEC 14496-10 MP@L3 [email protected] Closed Captioning (CEA-708), AFD (SMPTE 2016), Supported Resolutions: OP-47 (SMPTE RDD-08), SMPTE RDD-11, 480i59.94, 576i50, 720p50/59.94/60, SCTE 127 (SMPTE 2031), EN301775 (SMPTE 2031), 1080i50/59.94/60, 1080p23.97/24/25/29.97/30 Time Code (SMPTE 12M-2), SCTE 35 to SCTE 104 Conversion Inputs CVBS/SDI VBI waveform support: Sync Input: Auto-detects Bi-Level and Tri-level sync for Genlock Connector: 1x BNC (75 Ohm) Line 21 captions (CEA-608), TVG2x, AMOL-48/96 (SCTE 127), DVB-ASI Teletext/WSS/VPS (EN 301775) Interface: ASI (EN 50083-9 250 kb/s to 200 Mb/s) Connector: 1x BNC (75 Ohm) IP DVB-S/S2 Hardware Option (RD30-01-LB) - Optional* Standard: UDP, RTP and SMPTE 2022-1 2007 FEC DVB-CI per EN 50221 Supports 1 to 7 TS packets per IP packet Interface: 2x DVB-CI CAM slots IGMP v1, v2 and v3 support Use: De-scrambles decoded service only without Input TS Rate: 250 kb/s to 150 Mb/s purchase of RD30-CAM-KEY. RD30-CAM-KEY Connection speed: GigE (10/100/1000 Auto-Negotiate) Receiver capability: 2 simultaneous MPEG over IP transport streams provides up to maximum amount of decryptable Connector: 2x RJ45 services supported by CAM module. -
JPEG and JPEG 2000
JPEG and JPEG 2000 Past, present, and future Richard Clark Elysium Ltd, Crowborough, UK [email protected] Planned presentation Brief introduction JPEG – 25 years of standards… Shortfalls and issues Why JPEG 2000? JPEG 2000 – imaging architecture JPEG 2000 – what it is (should be!) Current activities New and continuing work… +44 1892 667411 - [email protected] Introductions Richard Clark – Working in technical standardisation since early 70’s – Fax, email, character coding (8859-1 is basis of HTML), image coding, multimedia – Elysium, set up in ’91 as SME innovator on the Web – Currently looks after JPEG web site, historical archive, some PR, some standards as editor (extensions to JPEG, JPEG-LS, MIME type RFC and software reference for JPEG 2000), HD Photo in JPEG, and the UK MPEG and JPEG committees – Plus some work that is actually funded……. +44 1892 667411 - [email protected] Elysium in Europe ACTS project – SPEAR – advanced JPEG tools ESPRIT project – Eurostill – consensus building on JPEG 2000 IST – Migrator 2000 – tool migration and feature exploitation of JPEG 2000 – 2KAN – JPEG 2000 advanced networking Plus some other involvement through CEN in cultural heritage and medical imaging, Interreg and others +44 1892 667411 - [email protected] 25 years of standards JPEG – Joint Photographic Experts Group, joint venture between ISO and CCITT (now ITU-T) Evolved from photo-videotex, character coding First meeting March 83 – JPEG proper started in July 86. 42nd meeting in Lausanne, next week… Attendance through national -
File Format Guidelines for Management and Long-Term Retention of Electronic Records
FILE FORMAT GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT AND LONG-TERM RETENTION OF ELECTRONIC RECORDS 9/10/2012 State Archives of North Carolina File Format Guidelines for Management and Long-Term Retention of Electronic records Table of Contents 1. GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................. 3 2. DESCRIPTION OF FORMATS RECOMMENDED FOR LONG-TERM RETENTION ......................... 7 2.1 Word Processing Documents ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 PDF/A-1a (.pdf) (ISO 19005-1 compliant PDF/A) ........................................................................ 7 2.1.2 OpenDocument Text (.odt) ................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.3 Special Note on Google Docs™ .......................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Plain Text Documents ................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Plain Text (.txt) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding ................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Comma-separated file (.csv) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding ........................................................... 7 2.2.3 Tab-delimited file (.txt) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding .................................................................... 8 2.3 -
DICOM PS3.5 2021C
PS3.5 DICOM PS3.5 2021d - Data Structures and Encoding Page 2 PS3.5: DICOM PS3.5 2021d - Data Structures and Encoding Copyright © 2021 NEMA A DICOM® publication - Standard - DICOM PS3.5 2021d - Data Structures and Encoding Page 3 Table of Contents Notice and Disclaimer ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ 15 1. Scope and Field of Application ............................................................................................................................. 17 2. Normative References ....................................................................................................................................... 19 3. Definitions ....................................................................................................................................................... 23 4. Symbols and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. 27 5. Conventions ..................................................................................................................................................... 29 6. Value Encoding ............................................................................................................................................... -
Audio Engineering Society Standards Committee
Audio Engineering Society Standards Committee Notice and DRAFT agenda for the meeting of the SC-02-02 Working Group on digital input/output interfacing of the SC-02 Subcommittee on Digital Audio To be held in conjunction with the upcoming AES 149th Convention. The meeting is scheduled to take place online, 2020-10. Please check the latest schedule at: http://www.aes.org/standards/ 1. Formal notice on patent policy 2. Introduction to working group and attendees 3. Amendments to and approval of agenda Note that projects where there is no current proposal for revision or amendment, and where there is at least 12 months before any formal review is due, are listed in an annex to this agenda. Please let the chair know if you propose to discuss any projects in this annex. 4. Approval of report of previous meeting, held online, 2020-05. 5. Open Projects NOTE: One or more of these projects may be in the process of a formal Call for Comment (CFC), as indicated by the project status. In these cases only, due process requires that any comments be published. AES10-R Review of AES10-2008 (r2019): AES Recommended Practice for Digital Audio SC-02-02 Engineering - Serial Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI) scope: This standard describes the data organization and electrical characteristics for a multichannel audio digital interface (MADI). It includes a bit-level description, features in common with the two-channel format of the AES3, AES Recommended Practice for Digital Audio Engineering - Serial Transmission Format for Linearly Represented Digital Audio Data, and the data rates required for its utilization. -
JBIG-Like Coding of Bi-Level Image Data in JPEG-2000
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG1 N1014 Date: 1998-10- 20 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 (ITU-T SG8) Coding of Still Pictures JBIG JPEG Joint Bi-level Image Joint Photographic Experts Group Experts Group TITLE: Report on Core Experiment CodEff26: JBIG-Like Coding of Bi-Level Image Data in JPEG-2000 SOURCE: Faouzi Kossentini ([email protected]) and Dave Tompkins Department of ECE, University of BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 Soeren Forchhammer ([email protected]), Bo Martins and Ole Jensen Department of Telecommunication, TDU, Lyngby, Denmark, DK-2800 Ian Caven, Image Power Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6E 4B1 Paul Howard, AT&T Labs, NJ, USA PROJECT: JPEG-2000 STATUS: Core Experiment Results REQUESTED ACTION: Discussion DISTRIBUTION: 14th Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC 29/WG1 Contact: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 Convener - Dr. Daniel T. Lee Hewlett-Packard Company, 11000 Wolfe Road, MS42U0, Cupertion, California 95014, USA Tel: +1 408 447 4160, Fax: +1 408 447 2842, E-mail: [email protected] 2 1. Update This document updates results previously reported in WG1N863. Specifically, the upcoming JBIG-2 Verification Model (VM) was used to generate the compression rates in Table 1. These results more accurately reflect the expected bit rates, and include the overhead required for the proper JBIG-2 bitstream formatting. Results may be better in the final implementation, but these results are guaranteed to be attainable with the current VM. The JBIG-2 VM will be available in December 1998. 2. Summary This document presents experimental results that compare the compression performance several JBIG-like coders to the VM0 baseline coder. -
JPEG 2000 for Video Archiving
The Pros and Cons of JPEG 2000 for Video Archiving Katty Van Mele November, 2010 Overview • Introduction – Current situation – Multiple challenges • Archiving challenges for cinema and video content • JPEG 2000 for Video Archiving • intoPIX Solutions • Conclusions INTOPIX PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL © 2010 JPEG 2000 SOLUTIONS 2 Current Situation • Most museums, film archiving and broadcast organizations – digitizing available content considered or initiated • Both movie content (reels) and analog video content (tapes) – Digitization process and constraints are very different. – More than 10.000.000 Hours Film (analog = film) • 30 to 40 % will disappear in the next 10 years ( Vinager syndrom) • Digitization process is complex – More than 6.000.000H ? Video ( 90% analog = tape) • x% will disappear because of the magnetic tape (binder) • Natural digitization process taking place due to the technology evolution. • Technical constraints are easier. INTOPIX PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL © 2010 JPEG 2000 SOLUTIONS 3 Multiple challenges • The goal of the digitization process : – Ensure the long term preservation of the content – Ensure the sharing and commercialization of the content. • Based on these different viewpoints and needs – Different technical challenges and choices – Different workflows utilized – Different commercial constraints – Different cultural and legal issues INTOPIX PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL © 2010 J PEG 2000 SOLUTIONS 4 Overview • Introduction • Archiving challenges for cinema and video content – General archiving concerns – Benefits of -
Downloadable Preview
AES47-2006 (r2011) AES standard for digital audio — Digital input-output interfacing — Transmission of digital audio over asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks Published by Audio Engineering Society, Inc. Copyright ©2005 by the Audio Engineering Society Preview only Abstract This document specifies the method of carrying multiple channels of audio in linear PCM or AES3 format in calls across an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network to ensure interoperability. The specification includes the method of conveying information concerning the format and sampling frequency of the digital audio signal when setting up the calls. An AES standard implies a consensus of those directly and materially affected by its scope and provisions and is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an AES standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether or not he or she has approved the document, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in agreement with the standard. Prior to approval, all parties were provided opportunities to comment or object to any provision. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this AES standard or information document may be the subject of patent rights. AES shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patents. Approval does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assumewww.aes.org/standards any obligation whatever to parties adopting the standards document. This document is subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest printing. Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.