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Mozambican Revolution, No. 1

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Alternative title Revolution Author/Creator Mozambique Liberation Front - FRELIMO Contributor Department of Information [FRELIMO] Publisher Mozambique Liberation Front - FRELIMO Date 1963-12 Resource type Magazines (Periodicals) Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Mozambique Coverage (temporal) 1963 Source Northwestern University Library, L967.905 M939 Rights By kind permission of the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO). Description Editorial; West Germany involved in the Portuguese ; Message to the Portuguese people; In Mozambique - Modernization of detection Systems; PIDE Agents Posing as Nationalists; The Stevedores Strike; FRELIMO Mission in Cairo (U.A.R); A Mozambican Woman in the International Women's Congress Format extent 11 page(s) (length/size)

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~CAo 0C) FRENTEDELIBERTA9A0 0IOAM0llTE (F RE LI MC) 201, ARi9b STRE~ET P.0.Box 15274 flar-es-Salaam,. TANGAIYYKA xl ,Ewo LUcT

Z AMB i C A N EVOLUTION "If independence is a necessary condition for the social liberation of men and peoples, it is only one of the aspects of freeto which we are resolutely marching". (Sekou Toure) DECEMBER 63 C 0 N T E N T S Editorial West Germany involved in the Portuguese Colonial War Message to the Portugueso people In Mozambique - Modernization of detection Systems PIDE Agents Posing as Nationalists The Stevedores Strike FRELIMO Mission in Cairo (U.A.R) A Mozambican Woman in the International Women's Congress M R - Mozambican Revolution FRELIMO Information Departrent 2,1, Arab Street, Box 15274 - TNZANIA No I

EDITORIAL Today marks the occasion of the first English publication of "MOZAMBICAN REVOLUTION.' For us it is a welcome day. Appeals from our friends for news from and about Mogambique has leen tremendous. Preceeding this new English edition are publications in Portuguese and four African National languages. All efforts have been concentrated on news dissimination and the organisation of the people. Until now it has been impossible to finance an edition in a foreign language, but with the growing strength of the Mogambique Liberation Front and the increased demands for news of the revolution, we now feel that we have no alternative but bring out an English edition. The bulletin "MOZAMBICAN REVOLUTION" will tell of the struggle against Portuguese colonial regime - of our triumphs and of our difficulties in fighting the fascists. Some of the articles appearing will be translations of those used in our national bulletin. But perhaps most important of all will be to explain to other nations the position of FRELIMO in relation to the concrete problems that daily beset our struggle for independence. So here we are. For those who have inspired us to begin this publication we hope it will fulfil the need you have so often expressed. For those who are "Just watching", we hope that you will our need for freedom and the determination to win it as deeply as we feel it ourselves. WHY MOZAMBICAN REVOLUTION For FRELIMO, the struggle in which the Mozambican people are now engaged is oaly one phase, only the beginning of a long revolutionary process toward a radical change in the present situation in Mo~ambique. It is Mozambique shrugging her shoulders to shake off subjugation and exploitation that has harnessed her since the beginning of Portuguese domination. It is her fight for human dignity. FRELIMO strives today for the destruction of colonialism so that tomorrow the people of Mozambique can build a nation, properous and *x xiving, based on the well-beeing of a people whose freedom is secure. Our struggle will not end when independence is won. We will always guard our country against our old enemy () in new disguise, against exploitation and social degradation , camouflaged by a"new" friendship. Our friends are those who help us now, and do not stand aside, waiting for brighter days. The struggle for the realization of national well-beeing and social progress demands a continuing fight against imperialism. For FRELIMO, national independence is a means, and not an end. That why, MOZAMBICAN REVOLUTION.

-3- WEST GERMANY INVOLVED IN TEE PORTUGUESE COLONIAL WAR It has been proved now and then that some European countries have a hand in the Portuguese colonial war. From the world newspapers and declarations by the Portuguese and other European governement officials, it has become very clear that those governements are involved. In Nay 1962, in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanganyika, when we appeared before the seven (7) members Uited Nations Committee sent to gather information about the Portuguese colonial administration, we proved before it what kind of arms the Portuguese were using in Nogambique. In answer to questions we mentioned the trade marks and where such arms were manufactured. The gathering of such valuable information continues. We accuse the friends of of supplying her with arms, they are perplexed, they categorically state that such allegations are unjust. They tell us that they have assurance from Portugal that those arms will not be used in the colonies against the unarmed Africains. This kind of assurance lacks, by far, a minimum preponderance, hence illogic. For over ten years now Portugal considers her colonies as overseas provinces, part and parcel of Portugal. From this portuguese point of view, such arms can be used in the said overseas provinces and still be within the assurances given, for they are not colonies according to this philosophy. The Portuguese godfathers should have realised this, despite their assurances. However,the action of those governments which help Portugal is jus tified by its own way, for they are friends of Portugal, not of Mogan bique. Therefore,we are not surprised to hear Dr. Richard Jaeger, Vice President of West Germany after visiting Portugal and her colonies, say: "Portugal has done much in Moqambique and ." To say that Portugal has done much for her colonies, while the who le world hnows that her colonies are the most backward: socially, economically and educationally, is more than a crime. We fail to unders tand how Dr. Richard, after visiting Mogambique, where he did not spea to an African or heard of a single African graduate, because even one does not exist, can tell us of the much done for Mogambicans. Of course, Portugal has done much to perpetuate colonialism, poverty, ignorance, disease, terrorism, inhumanity, etc., for this we really hail her and say:"HALLELUIAH to Portugal among the colonialists!" It is not long,since some leaders of West Germany said:"We need Africa,if not for other reasons but for our preservation(salvation)". This is very astonishing.It has been many a times said by some statesmen that Africa was the best nuclear war base against the Bast,COMNUNISM.The Addis-Ababa conference has proved this imposm sible.Neither will the East use Africa as a base against the West. Africa is an African base against hunger,poverty,lgnorance,disease, East and West ideology.Africa will not let an inch of anybody,save of Africa,for the preservation and salvation of its inhabitants. In the case of the natural resourcesthey will be exploited for the sole benefit of Africa. Consequently,the dream of West Germany and her allies,through Portugal,to maintain military bases in Africa to fight the East and exploit the natural resources for them,is doomed to fail. It is not without basis that Portugal is using West Germany to buy arms and ammunition it ne6ds from .An application by Portugal to buy arms was rejected by parliament but West Germany's was accepted.As the is aware of it,according to the evidence we gave in May last year,arms manufactured in Israel are being used in Mozambique and other Portuguese colonies.There remains no doubt that the transaction is done by West Germany at the back of Israel. West Germany,apart from supplying Portugal With arms,has volunteered to train,militarilyPortuguese soldiers.As we did prove before the Seven Member United Nations Committee,there are a number of white soldiers in the who cannot articulate a single word in Portuguese.This is a clear indication that these are mercenaries.Time will tell about their nationality. It is surprising that at this moment there are some European countries like West Germany,which still believe in the possibility of mantaining colonial domination in Africa everlastingly.They do not possess a minimum understanding of what is taking place in Africa.They still live in a WORLD OF ILLUSION. African was born to live ,and it will live for ever.Nothing,whatever may be,can aprogate it,whether within favourable oruiinfavourable environment;just as good as the Nationalism of America,Asia or Europe after the two world wars,cannot be extinguished. FRELIMOtrallying all Moganbicans for the honourable and heroic struggle,will crush the Portuguese militarism and of her allies. The supplying of arms and ammunition and the training of Portuguese soldiers by West Germany is a clear manifestation of inca,pability of Portugal to wage a colonial war alone.It is revevant, ! therefore,that she has maintained her position in the colonies to the present time,rather endured the Angola and wars so long due to the all NATO member states collaboration. This attitude is a clear sign of West Germanyts anti-African spirit,alimented by their own obsolet and misguided Nationalism. West Germany cannot safeguard her interest in Mogambique in this manner.For her sake we believe she will change her position and be out of complicity in the Portuguese dirty affair in their colonies. The struggle for attainment of Complete National Independence is being carried on,and guided by the FRELIMO spirit of INDEPENDENOB OR DEATH,we shall have no rest or peace,until we are lastly crowned with GLORIOUS VICTORY. All ways and means at our disposal will be employed to crush foreign domination,oppression and militarism in Mogambique. LONG LIVE THE STRUGGLE OF MOAMBIQUEIL LONG LIVE FRELIMOJ! INDEPENDENCE OR DEATH. -----0000 00000-MESSAGE TO THE PORTUGUESE PEOPLE In Mozaabique, Portugal massacres the population and fills the prisons with nationalists. In New York, Portugal "converses" with the African States. FRELIMO declares: The future of Mozambique must be discussed brtwen Portugal and us. But there can be no negociations whatsoever recogn-Joes formally and solemnly the right of the Mozambican People to self-determination and Independence. This problem is also of interest to the Portuguese People. That is why we consider it worthiglo to reproduce today , the Message to Portuguese People, ado pfed by the first Congress of FRELIMO which took place in Dar-es- Salaam, Tanganyika from 23 to 28 September 1962. PEOPLE OF PORTUGAL! At this crucial moment in the , the Mozambique Liberation Front addresses you. The Mozanbican people, inspired by the profoundly human sentiments of freedom, dignity and justice, are firmly determined to fight even at the sacrifice of life itself, fort winning of National Independence. The Portuguese government extending its tentacles, is maintaining its ferocious oppression over our People and our Country. Our People continue to live in subjection to forced labour. The colonial fascist government of Portugal pursues its policy of exploiting the labour of our People.

-6- However, -this exploitation benefits- only the Portuguese colonialist circles. In order to try and destroy our love of freedom, your government does not hesitate to massacre the Mozambican people; Mueda in June 1960; Xinavane in ; these are examples of the barbarous reaction of our people. Nevertheless, not only Mozambique, but also Angola, Guinea, , San Tomd and Principe also wish to be free and independent. It was to try and break the will of the Angolan people to be independent that the government led by Salazar unleashed the war in Angola. But the Angolan people have not surrendered and will not surrender. On the oontrary, the colonialist repression leads only to one stronger and atronger rcaction on the part of all the peoplcs of Mozambique,Angola,(Portuguese)enuinea,Cape Verde and S.Tom4 and Principe. Moreover,the situation of the Portuguese government at the international level is one of almost complete isolation,for the onlytotal support it enjoys is that of the fascist governments of and . For the horrified conscience of the World is revolted against the barbarities perpetrated by the Portuguese army in Angola and now in(Portuguese)Guinea. Today the Mozambique Liberation Front declares that it will not accept any responsibility for the loss of life or property that the Portuguese may suffer in consequence of a possible generalized conflict that the Portuguese government is in the process of pre paring in Mozabique, and which will cause a confrontation between the African and European populations. The Mozambican people hope that in the conflict between them and the Portuguese colonial fascist administratio, the Portuguese people will know how to take position worthy of its noble democratic traditions, and one which will help to avoid the unleashing of war in Mozambique also.

-7- IN MOZAMBIQUE The political consciousness of the people of Mogambique increases daily. Proof of this lies in the reinfoicement of the Portuguese machine of repression.Portuguese troops are flowing into Mozambique, there is not a ship that sails from that does not carry its quota of soldiers. It is estimeted that there are now 40,000 Portuguese soldiers in Mozambique. And inside the country airstrips are built at what is considered strategic position. At any posto administrative (second smallest administrative unity)one can find a distribution of weapons and military personnel. Telephones have bean installed for the exclusive use of the PIDE service and military commanders for direct communication with the Posto Administrative and the regulos (smallest administrative unity. MODERNAZATION OF DETECTION SYSTEMS. The PIDE have created spcialized sections within its organisation which seem to have been based nn the French expeiences in and the in South Vietnam. They are the Cntro de Coordinac o (Co ordination Centre)and centra lization of Information(Centralizacgo de Informaoio); and the Ac965 Psico-Social (sycho-social action). These two sections are dedicated to gathering information about the African population from every point of the country and endoetrinate the African people. The Portuguese government has even invaded the field- of sport and cultural affairs tbrough the Gimno-Desportiva. These government departments do wor'k similar to the S.A.S. in Algeria during her struggle. i.e. Up until this year there were two sports associations in Mogambique. The A.F.A.L.M. (African Football Association of Lourengo Marques) and the A.F.L.M.(Football Association of Lourengo Narque* The first was composed entirely of Africans who played on their own grounds. The second group was divided into two sections, the first composed entirely of whites who played the

-8 best game, and the second made up of Indians and the remaining whites. However, last year it was decided that it was notsafe to allow Africans to have an Association of its own. I Association called the A.F.A.(African Football Association)was therefore formed to include all grups, but in three divisins. In spite of this however, the books, activities etc. of the third division(African division) is under close scuti-ty of the first division (White division)and their group dicussions are even supervised. Indntical reorganisation of sports association is taking place in Beira. The Portuguese are training moulded on the Duexieme Bureau(the espionage branch of the Defence Department in France) which was active in Algeria) to fight African nationalists in her colonies. PIDE Agents Posing $ Naticnalists. Africans who are on PIDE's payroll in Mozambique are being sent to ,Nyasaland and Tanganyika to create splinter movements in order to sabotage the genuine work of FRELIMO.Some of these small groups which spring up in opposition to FRELIMO are just the fruits of the subterfuge of the colonial enemy. we realise that it is always too easy to label opposition as PIDE,or imperialists or some other degoratory nane,but it is true,consciously some of our brothers are aiding our enemies. The small,insignificant parties posing as extreme leftists are only delaying the urgent work of de dicated and consciencious Mozamb!'oane.In this connection the Tanganyika Government announced, on November 16th, the arrest and impri sonment of Joio Jose Fumane. Fumane first had tried to inflitrate FRELIMO. Being unsuccessful,he became a leader in a newly-created group called FUNIPAMO dedicated to the destruction of FRELIMO.

- 9- THE STEVEDORES STRIKE: PAULO BALOI murdered by Portuguese colonialists, 64 Stevedores in Machava Prison. On the 27th August, 1963, the same day a demonstration was held in support of Salazar's speech, the stevedores went out on strike. The strike was held in protest against the Head of the L.M.Docks, who promised the stevedores a riase after they had received their new cards. The promise was not kept and the stevedores gathered at the Mac Mahon Square (Praga Mac Mahon) in protest against the local authorities. When ie was discovered what was happening, troops and police were sent to surround the strikers. One of the strike leaders then stood and said:"We have never seen or heard a father who points a gun at his son when the son only asks for bread. We are very much surprised because you are our fathers. We are dying of hunger and when we ask for food you point guns at us. All we ask is that you increase our wages otherwise we shall not return to work". The authorities then arrested the Mozambican and put him into a police jeep. When the other strikers saw that their leader was being arrested they arose en masse and filled the police car maintaining that they too wanted to be arrested. Sixty four strikers were arrested and taken to Machava Prison. The next day the wives of th se arrested went to the prison to obtain news of their husbands, but were not told anything. Two days later the wife of PAULO BALOI, one of the imprisoned strikers, went again to ask about her husband. The police refused to give her any information. Finally after a long while she was told that her husband was in the civil jail. However, would the police not allow her to see Baloi. Two weeks later when she returned to the jail she was told that her husband had died. During the strike forced labourers (Shibalo) of the L.M.City Council were sent to the docks to work. A Shibalo has no experience in this sort of work and many of them were severely injured in accidents. Once more the barbarian and fascist portuguese colonial regime replied by violence to the manifestation of unarmed peoples. BROTHERS, We cannot waste any more time asking our employers for higher wages. The time has come for all Mozambicans to unite and destroy the colonialists and imperialists in our country. Mozambicans, join FRELIMO and go ahead in the struggle for the liberation of MOZAMBIQUE! INDEPENDENCE OR DEATH !

- 10 - FRELIMO MISSION IN CAIRO (U.A.R.) 0++0 FRE1IMO established an Permanent Mission in Cairo on 18th September 1963. Brother Uria SIMANGO, Vioe President of FRELIMO,and a founder of UDENAMO, one of the parties dissolved to form FRELIMO on 25th June 1962, will remain there for some time with brother Sarfukhan M.KHAN, our Representative. Brother Hondlane, President of FRELIMO was present for the opening of the Office and held a press conference. A MOZiiBICAN WOMAN A7 the INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S CONGRESS AT MOSCOW Sister Celina SIDIANGO represented the League of Mozambican Women at the International Women's Congress at Moscow on June 24 to 29, 1963. Following are excerpts from her speech: "First of all I wish to thank the Women's International Federation for inviting me to represent the Women of Mozambique in this CongressMy country is one of the least known in Africa, if only because we had the misfortune of being controlled by the Portuguese imperialism for many centuries. Therefore, before discussing the subject at hand I would like to tell you a little about my country and my people,., "The whole economy of our country is geared towards the satisfaction of the European settlers, in order to make certain that the European settlers get the fullest economic advantage from the African worker", the portuguese government has used many techniques of forcing our people tUo work in European farms, industries and commercial enterprises, mostly in menial jobs...... 'The women and younger people are also forced to work in E*uropean plantations within Nozambique."...... About the problem of PEACE she said:"If any woman in the whole world should understand the need for peace, it is the African women in general and the Mozambican women in particular. As African womrs I have overconsciousness of the need for peace partly because Africa has not yet known peace for the last one hundred years. Since the European imperialist parcelled our continent into enclaves of European capitalist exploitation, they have been taking away the best of our men to feed their economic enterprises with cheap labor, while leaving the women and children behind to fend for existr'nce in the poorest conditions." ...... ; .. "We however give our complete support to the worthy efforts of the women of our free sister statcs in the rest of Africa, who are relentlessly putting pressure on the major powers to achieve a workable scheme for disarmament." ...... "All of the problem and difficulties which our people are facing in Mozambique cannot be changed simply by condemning them. No moralizing against the colonialists is sufficient to get rid of the situa tion we are facing." ...... "Therefore,the people of Mogambique have decided to fight for their freedom".