Chandra Science Highlight the CLOVERLEAF QUASAR (A.K.A

Chandra Science Highlight THE CLOVERLEAF QUASAR (a.k.a. H1413+117 • The relative brightness of image A is greater in X-ray than in optical light. Since the amount of brightening due to gravitational lensing does not vary with the wavelength, some additional effect must be magnifying the X-rays. • The increased magnification of the X-ray light can be explained if the X-rays in the Cloverleaf quasar come from a small region around its supermassive black hole, and the optical light comes from a larger area. This could happen if a star or binary star system in one of the intervening galaxies passes in front of the region producing the X-rays. This effect is called gravitational microlensing. • The Cloverleaf X-ray and optical data indicate that the X-rays are coming from a very small region, about a hundredth of a light year or less, around the supermassive black hole. The visible light is coming CHANDRA LOOKS OVER A COSMIC FOUR-LEAF CLOVER from a region ten or more times larger. The Cloverleaf quasar is a single object whose image has been reproduced four times in a cloverleaf-like arrangement through a process known as gravitational lensing. The gravitational field of one or more foreground galaxies has bent and • The angular size of these regions at a distance of 11 magnified the light from the quasar to produce the multiple images show at the billion light years is tens of thousands times smaller lower left. The foreground galaxies are too faint to be seen in these images. than the smallest region that can be resolved by Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Penn State/G. Chartas et al; illustration: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss Chandra or the Hubble Space Telescope. Reference: G.Chartas et al. 2004 Astrophys.J. 606, 78 CXC operated for NASA by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory July 2004.

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