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Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal La Revue De Santé De La Méditerranée Orientale

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Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal La Revue De Santé De La Méditerranée Orientale Contents Editorial Moving away from the comfort zone of tobacco control policies to the highest level of implementation ..................... 161 Research articles Risk factors for neonatal intensive care unit admission in Amman, Jordan ...................................................................163 Trend of bacterial meningitis in Bahrain from 1990 to 2013 and effect of introduction of new vaccines .................... 175 Change in attitudes and knowledge of problem drug use and harm reduction among a Eastern Mediterranean community cohort in Kabul, Afghanistan ........................................................................................................................183 Accuracy of the VITEK® 2 system for a rapid and direct identification and susceptibility testing Health Journal of Gram-negative rods and Gram-positive cocci in blood samples ...................................................................................193 Review Routine immunization services in Pakistan: seeing beyond the numbers ....................................................................201 La Revue de Santé de Volume 22 Number 3 22 Number Volume Short communications la Méditerranée orientale Responding to physical and psychological health impacts of disasters: case study of the Iranian disaster rehabilitation plan ...............................................................................................................................................212 Environmental carcinogen exposure and lifestyle factors affecting cancer risk in Qatar: findings from a qualitative review ....................................................................................................................................219 2016 March Letter to the Editor Medical error reporting: is it about physicians’ knowledge and their practice, or patient safety culture in the workplace? ................................................................................................................................................ 228 WHO events addressing public health priorities Implementing the WHO FCTC: the need to scale up tobacco control ........................................................................230 Effective and affordable tobacco control policies and measures are well established, including banning smoking in all public places and taxing tobacco products. Countries of the Region need to step up their implementation of tobacco control measures in order to make greater progress towards achieving the targeted 30% reduction in tobacco use by 2025. املجلد الثاين والعرشون / عدد Volume 22 / No. 3 3 مارس/آذار March/Mars 2016 Cover 22-03.indd 154-156 6/9/2016 1:15:29 PM Members of the WHO Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean املجلة الصحية لرشق املتوسط Afghanistan . Bahrain . Djibouti . Egypt . Islamic Republic of Iran . Iraq . Jordan . Kuwait . Lebanon هى املجلة الرسمية التى تصدر عن املكتب اﻹقليمى لرشق املتوسط بمنظمة الصحة العاملية. وهى منرب لتقديم السياسات Libya . Morocco . Oman . Pakistan . Palestine . Qatar . Saudi Arabia . Somalia . Sudan . Syrian Arab واملبادرات اجلديدة ىف اخلدمات الصحية والرتويج هلا، ولتبادل اﻵراء واملفاهيم واملعطيات الوبائية ونتائج اﻷبحاث وغري Republic . Tunisia . United Arab Emirates . Yemen ذلك من املعلومات، وخاصة ما يتعلق منها بإقليم رشق املتوسط. وهى موجهة إىل كل أعضاء املهن الصحية، والكليات الطبية وسائر املعاهد التعليمية، وكذا املنظامت غري احلكومية املعنية، واملراكز املتعاونة مع منظمة الصحة العاملية واﻷفراد املهتمني بالصحة ىف اﻹقليم وخارجه. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL البلدان أعضاء اللجنة اﻹقليمية ملنظمة الصحة العاملية لرشق املتوسط IS the official health journal published by the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization. It is a forum for the presentation and promotion of new policies and initiatives in health services; and for the exchange of ideas, con‑ اﻷردن . أفغانستان . اﻹمارات العربية املتحدة . باكستان . البحرين . تونس . ليبيا . مجهورية إيران اﻹسﻻمية .cepts, epidemiological data, research findings and other information, with special reference to the Eastern Mediterranean Region اجلمهورية العربية السورية . اليمن . جيبويت . السودان . الصومال . العراق . عُ ام ن . فلسطني . قطر . الكويت . لبنان . مرص ‑It addresses all members of the health profession, medical and other health educational institutes, interested NGOs, WHO Col laborating Centres and individuals within and outside the Region. املغرب . اململكة العربية السعودية LA REVUE DE SANTÉ DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE ORIENTALE EST une revue de santé officielle publiée par le Bureau régional de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé pour la Méditerranée orientale. Elle offre une tribune pour la présentation et la promotion de nouvelles politiques et initiatives dans le domaine des ser‑vices de santé ainsi qu’à l’échange d’idées, de concepts, de données épidémiologiques, de résultats de recherches et d’autres Membres du Comité régional de l’OMS pour la Méditerranée orientale informations, se rapportant plus particulièrement à la Région de la Méditerranée orientale. Elle s’adresse à tous les professionnels de la santé, aux membres des instituts médicaux et autres instituts de formation médico‑sanitaire, aux ONG, Centres collabora‑ Afghanistan . Arabie saoudite . Bahreïn . Djibouti . Égypte . Émirats arabes unis . République islamique d’Iran teurs de l’OMS et personnes concernés au sein et hors de la Région. Iraq . Libye . Jordanie . Koweït . Liban . Maroc . Oman . Pakistan . Palestine . Qatar . République arabe syrienne Somalie . Soudan . Tunisie . Yémen EMHJ is a trilingual, peer reviewed, open access journal and the full contents are freely available at its website: http://www/emro.who.int/emhj.htm EMHJ information for authors is available at its website: http://www.emro.who.int/emh-journal/authors/ EMHJ is abstracted/indexed in the Index Medicus and MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Systems on Line), ISI Web of knowledge, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Lexis Nexis, Scopus and the Index Medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR). Correspondence Editor-in-chief Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ©World Health Organization 2016 WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean All rights reserved P.O. Box 7608 Nasr City, Cairo 11371 Disclaimer Egypt The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of Tel: (+202) 2276 5000 its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border Fax: (+202) 2670 2492/(+202) 2670 2494 lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products Email: [email protected] does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. Subscriptions and Permissions Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Knowledge Sharing and Production, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, ISSN 1020‑3397 PO Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt (tel: +202 2670 2535, fax: +202 2670 2492; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce, in part or in whole, or to translate publications of WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean – whether for Cover designed by Diana Tawadros sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Regional Office for Internal layout designed by Emad Marji and Diana Tawadros the Eastern Mediterranean, at the above address; email: [email protected]. Printed by WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Cover photograph ©World Health Organization Cover 22-03.indd 157-159 6/9/2016 1:15:29 PM Eastern Mediterranean La Revue de Santé de Health Journal la Méditerranée orientale املجلد الثاين و العرشون عدد Vol. 22 No. 3 • 2016 • 3 Contents Editorial Moving away from the comfort zone of tobacco control policies to the highest level of implementation Fatimah El-Awa, Prasad Vinayak and Douglas Bettcher ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................161 Research articles Risk factors for neonatal intensive care unit admission in Amman, Jordan C.E. Quinn, P. Sivasubramaniam, M. Blevins, A. Al Hajajra, A. Taleb Znait, N. Khuri-Bulos, S. Faouri and N. Halasa .......................................................................................163 Trend of bacterial meningitis in Bahrain from 1990 to 2013 and effect of introduction of new vaccines N. Saeed, H. AlAnsari, S. AlKhawaja, J.S. Jawad, K. Nasser and E. AlYousef ........................................................................................................................................................................175
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