Detailed Species Accounts from The
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Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book Editors N. J. COLLAR (Editor-in-chief), A. V. ANDREEV, S. CHAN, M. J. CROSBY, S. SUBRAMANYA and J. A. TOBIAS Maps by RUDYANTO and M. J. CROSBY Principal compilers and data contributors ■ BANGLADESH P. Thompson ■ BHUTAN R. Pradhan; C. Inskipp, T. Inskipp ■ CAMBODIA Sun Hean; C. M. Poole ■ CHINA ■ MAINLAND CHINA Zheng Guangmei; Ding Changqing, Gao Wei, Gao Yuren, Li Fulai, Liu Naifa, Ma Zhijun, the late Tan Yaokuang, Wang Qishan, Xu Weishu, Yang Lan, Yu Zhiwei, Zhang Zhengwang. ■ HONG KONG Hong Kong Bird Watching Society (BirdLife Affiliate); H. F. Cheung; F. N. Y. Lock, C. K. W. Ma, Y. T. Yu. ■ TAIWAN Wild Bird Federation of Taiwan (BirdLife Partner); L. Liu Severinghaus; Chang Chin-lung, Chiang Ming-liang, Fang Woei-horng, Ho Yi-hsian, Hwang Kwang-yin, Lin Wei-yuan, Lin Wen-horn, Lo Hung-ren, Sha Chian-chung, Yau Cheng-teh. ■ INDIA Bombay Natural History Society (BirdLife Partner Designate) and Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History; L. Vijayan and V. S. Vijayan; S. Balachandran, R. Bhargava, P. C. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhupathy, A. Chaudhury, P. Gole, S. A. Hussain, R. Kaul, U. Lachungpa, R. Naroji, S. Pandey, A. Pittie, V. Prakash, A. Rahmani, P. Saikia, R. Sankaran, P. Singh, R. Sugathan, Zafar-ul Islam ■ INDONESIA BirdLife International Indonesia Country Programme; Ria Saryanthi; D. Agista, S. van Balen, Y. Cahyadin, R. F. A. Grimmett, F. R. Lambert, M. Poulsen, Rudyanto, I. Setiawan, C. Trainor ■ JAPAN Wild Bird Society of Japan (BirdLife Partner); Y. Fujimaki; Y. Kanai, H. Morioka, K. Ono, H. Uchida, M. Ueta, N. Yanagisawa ■ KOREA ■ NORTH KOREA Pak U-il; Chong Jong-ryol, Rim Chu- yon. ■ SOUTH KOREA Lee Woo-shin; Han Sang-hoon, Kim Jin-han, Lee Ki-sup, Park Jin- young ■ LAOS K. Khounboline; W. J. Duckworth ■ MALAYSIA Malaysian Nature Society (BirdLife Partner); K. Kumar; G. Noramly, M. J. Kohler ■ MONGOLIA D. Batdelger; A. Bräunlich, N. Tseveenmyadag ■ MYANMAR Khin Ma Ma Thwin ■ NEPAL Bird Conservation Nepal (BirdLife Affiliate); H. S. Baral; C. Inskipp, T. P. Inskipp ■ PAKISTAN Ornithological Society of Pakistan (BirdLife Affiliate) ■ PHILIPPINES Haribon Foundation for Conservation of Natural Resources (BirdLife Partner); N. A. D. Mallari, B. R. Tabaranza, Jr. ■ RUSSIA Russian Bird Conservation Union (BirdLife Partner Designate); A. V. Andreev; A. G. Degtyarev, V. G. Degtyarev, V. A. Dugintsov, N. N. Gerasimov, Yu. N. Gerasimov, N. I. Germogenov, O. A. Goroshko, A. V. Kondrat’ev, Yu. V. Labutin, N. M. Litvinenko, Yu. N. Nazarov, V. A. Nechaev, V. I. Perfil’ev, R. V. Ryabtsev, Yu. V. Shibaev, S. G. Surmach, E. E. Tkachenko, O. P. Val’chuk, B. A. Voronov. ■ SINGAPORE The Nature Society (Singapore) (BirdLife Partner); Lim Kim Seng ■ SRI LANKA Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka (BirdLife Affiliate); S. Kotagama; S. Aryaprema, S. Corea, J. P. G. Jones, U. Fernando, R. Perera, M. Siriwardhane, K. Weerakoon ■ THAILAND Bird Conservation Society of Thailand (BirdLife Partner); U. Treesucon; R. Jugmongkol, V. Kongthong, P. Poonswad, P. D. Round, S. Supparatvikorn ■ VIETNAM BirdLife International Vietnam Country Programme; Nguyen Cu; J. C. Eames, A. W. Tordoff, Le Trong Trai, Nguyen Duc Tu. With contributions from: S. H. M. Butchart, D. S. Butler (maps), P. Davidson, J. C. Lowen, G. C. L. Dutson, N. B. Peet, T. Vetta (maps), J. M. Villasper (maps), M. G. Wilson Recommended citation BirdLife International (2001) Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. © 2001 BirdLife International Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge, CB3 0NA, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1223 277318 Fax: +44 1223 277200 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.birdlife.net BirdLife International is a UK-registered charity All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. ISBN 0 946888 42 6 (Part A) ISBN 0 946888 43 4 (Part B) ISBN 0 946888 44 2 (Set) British Library-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library First published 2001 by BirdLife International Designed and produced by the NatureBureau, 36 Kingfisher Court, Hambridge Road, Newbury, Berkshire RG14 5SJ, United Kingdom Available from the Natural History Book Service Ltd, 2–3 Wills Road, Totnes, Devon TQ9 5XN, UK. Tel: +44 1803 865913 Fax: +44 1803 865280 Email [email protected] Internet: www.nhbs.com/services/birdlife.html The presentation of material in this book and the geographical designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Threatened birds of Asia DARK-RUMPED SWIFT Apus acuticauda Critical — Endangered — Vulnerable D1 This poorly known swift qualifies as Vulnerable owing to its very small population. Discovery of new breeding colonies or identification of possible threats would necessitate a reassessment of its threatened status. DISTRIBUTION The Dark-rumped Swift (see Remarks 1) breeds in a few colonies in the eastern Himalayas of Bhutan, possibly Nepal, and the hills of Meghalaya, north-east India, apparently dispersing southward during the winter. There are no certain records from Myanmar, but swifts observed in the Myitkyina valley, winter 1938–1939, were thought to be either this species or the Common Swift Apus apus (Stanford and Ticehurst 1940–1941). Several records by Scully (1876) from China all presumably refer to Common Swift Apus apus (see Remarks 2). The only record of the species’s occurrence in Nepal involves the type described by Jerdon (1862–1864) from a B. H. Hodgson specimen taken at an unspecified locality. Inskipp and Inskipp (1991) commented that “it is possible that this specimen originated in India”. Brooke (1969), however, also questioned “whether there was an error in the original labelling” but thought it “unwise to excise Nepal from the range of the species, as swifts are notoriously difficult to collect away from their breeding sites and there may well be one or two colonies in the cliffs of that country”. In the thirty years since this was written, however, no evidence has emerged to retain the species on the Nepal list. There have also been no confirmed reports from Bangladesh, despite the proximity of the Khasia hills colony and the fact that the species must occasionally fly over the country (hence the hypothetical listing for various regions by Rashid 1967). ■ INDIA The Dark-rumped Swift has been recorded breeding in the Khasia and Mizoram hills, but a record from the Andaman islands (Hume 1874a) was a misidentification (Ripley 1982, Chantler 2000). Records are as follows: ■ Meghalaya near Cherrapunji, at Lyethinsaw (Lyetkynsew), Khasia hills, 1,350 m, September 1886 (specimen in AMNH), April 1906 (four specimens in AMNH), May 1906 (female in BMNH), April, May 1952 (10 specimens in FMNH and UMMZ), c.100, around the cliffs, December 1975 (D. A. Scott in litt. 2000), late February 1979 (R. F. A. Grimmett verbally 1999), c.100, February 1996 (K. Kazmierczak in litt. 1999), c.200, February 1998 (Hornbuckle et al. 1998a), c.40, March 1998 (H. Hendriks in litt. 1999), and at Nohkallikai waterfall (c.4 km away), c.100, February 1998 (Hornbuckle et al. 1998a); ■ Mizoram Chlinchlip (Chhinchhip), Lushai hills, April 1951 (male in UMMZ); Blue Mountain National Park (Phwangpui National Park), Lushai hills, March, April, May 1953 (six specimens in UMMZ; also Koelz 1954a), four individuals, March 1998 (K. Kazmierczak verbally 1998). ■ BHUTAN Although only recently reported from the country, this species apparently breeds at one colony; confirmed records are from two sites (c.16 km apart) in the south-east (Inskipp et al. 1999a): near Arong, 10–20 km above Deothang (probably wanderers from the “colony” below Deothang), one, May 1996 (King 1996), one, April 1997 (King 1997), 4–7, April 1998 (Bishop 1999a, P. Holt in litt. 1999), 2–8, April 1998 (Farrow 1998, Holt 1998), 8–14, May 1999 (Bishop 1999b); between Deothang (950 m) and Samdrup Jongkhar (200 m) (7 km north of the latter at 26°48’N 91°28’E), apparently breeding with many recent records, 1784 Apus acuticauda including eight, April–May 1996 (King 1996), 10, April 1998 (Holt 1998, Bishop 1999a), and two, April 1999 (Holt 1999). There are unconfirmed records from the lower “Lingmethang road” (i.e. Namling– Yonkhala), where c.10 swifts possibly of this species were observed in April 1995 (Bishop 1995), and from the Mo Chu (see Population). ■ THAILAND The species occurs sporadically as an apparent winter visitor in mountains in the extreme north of the country. Records are from: Doi Pha Hom Pok, at least seven flying south, March 1993 (J. Chance and E. Vercruysse per P. D. Round in litt. 1998); Doi Chiang Dao, presumably in Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, undated (Chantler 2000), with two individuals “thought possibly” to be this species, March 1999 (Bird Conserv. Soc. Thailand Bull. 17,5 [2000]:14); Doi Pui, Chiang Mai, one female, February 1965 (B. F. King per P. D. Round in litt. 1998); Doi Inthanon National Park, a report of 20–25 in February 1995 (P. Schiermacker-Hansen in litt. 1999), up to six reported with Pacific Swifts Apus pacificus and Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis, February 1997 (M. Flack, F. Hearn, I. Merrill per P. D. Round in litt. 1998), with one over the Mae Chem road, January 1999 (J. N. Dymond in litt. 1999, Bird Conserv. Soc. Thailand Bull. 17,4 [2000]: 15). BHUTAN 4 INDIA 5 MEGHALAYA 1 MIZORAM 2 3 MYANMAR 6 7 8 B A Y 9 O F B E N G A L THAILAND The distribution of Dark-rumped Swift Apus acuticauda: (1) Cherrapunji; (2) Chlinchlip; (3) Blue Mountain National Park; (4) Deothang; (5) Samdrup Jongkhar; (6) Doi Pha Hom Pok; (7) Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary; (8) Doi Pui; (9) Doi Inthanon National Park.