The Origins of the Karelian Workers' Commune, 1920-1923
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The Baltic Sea Region the Baltic Sea Region
TTHEHE BBALALTTICIC SSEAEA RREGIONEGION Cultures,Cultures, Politics,Politics, SocietiesSocieties EditorEditor WitoldWitold MaciejewskiMaciejewski A Baltic University Publication Case Chapter 2 Constructing Karelia: Myths and Symbols in the Multiethnic Reality Ilja Solomeshch 1. Power of symbols Specialists in the field of semiotics note that in times of social and political crises, at Political symbolism is known to have three the stage of ideological and moral disintegra- major functions – nominative, informative tion, some forms of the most archaic kinds of and communicative. In this sense a symbol in political symbolism reactivate in what is called political life plays one of the key roles in struc- the archaic syndrome. This notion is used, for turing society, organising interrelations within example, to evaluate the situation in pre- and the community and between people and the post-revolutionary (1917) Russia, as well as various institutions of state. Karelia Karelia is a border area between Finland and Russia. Majority of its territory belongs to Russian Republic of Karelia, with a capital in Petrozavodsk. The Sovjet Union gained the marked area from Finland as the outcome of war 1944. Karelia can be compared with similar border areas in the Baltic Region, like Schleswig-Holstein, Oppeln (Opole) Silesia in Poland, Kaliningrad region in Russia. Probably the best known case of such an area in Europe is Alsace- -Lorraine. Map 13. Karelia. Ill.: Radosław Przebitkowski The Soviet semioticity When trying to understand historical and cultural developments in the Russian/Soviet/Post-Soviet spatial area, especially in terms of Centre-Peripheries and Break-Continuity paradigms, one can easily notice the semioticity of the Soviet system, starting with its ideology. -
This Document Has Been Downloaded from Tampub – the Institutional Repository of University of Tampere
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University This document has been downloaded from Tampub – The Institutional Repository of University of Tampere Post-print Authors: Häkli Jouni Cultures of demarcation : territory and national identity in Name of article: Finland Name of work: Nested identities : identity, territory, and scale Editors of work: Herb Guntram H., Kaplan David H. Year of 1999 publication: ISBN: 0-8476-8466-0 Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Pages: 123-149 Discipline: Social sciences / Social and economic geography Language: en URN: http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:uta-3-959 All material supplied via TamPub is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorized user. Author’s copy. Originally published in Guntram H. Herb & D. H. Kaplan (eds.). Nested identities: Identity, Territory, and Scale. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield (1999), 123-149. Cultures of Demarcation: Territory and National Identity in Finland JOUNI HÄKLI Introduction This chapter explores the significance of geographical scale in the negotiation of spatial identities, and especially attempts to understand the processes of nation- building in Finland, which stands out as an exceptional case among the several "successor states" born out of the European geopolitical turmoil in the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. -
From Wild Forest Reindeer to Biodiversity Studies and Environmental Education” 5Th to 6Th October, 2010 in Kuhmo, Eastern Finland
YMPÄRISTÖN- SUOJELU The Finnish-Russian Friendship Nature Reserve was established in 1990 to promote and en- hance cooperation in nature conservation and conservation research. In the beginning, the main From wild forest reindeer to biodiversity emphasis was on joint research between Finland and the Soviet Union. Over the years, the co- studies and environmental education operation has expanded to include many universities and research institutes worldwide. The year 2010 marked the 20-year anniversary of the Friendship Nature Reserve. To celebrate this important year, the Finnish Environment Institute, Metsähallitus Natural Heritage Services Abstracts of the 20 years anniversary symposium of and the Kostomuksha Strict Nature Reserve (Zapovednik) arranged jointly an Anniversary Sym- the Finnish - Russian Nature Reserve Friendship posium “From Wild Forest Reindeer to Biodiversity Studies and Environmental Education” 5th to 6th October, 2010 in Kuhmo, eastern Finland. Parallel to the symposium, the 4th European Green Belt Conference was arranged in Kuhmo by Metsähallitus Natural Heritage Services. Around Outi Isokääntä and Jari Heikkilä (eds.) 150 people from 19 different countries participated the symposium. ISBN 978-952-11-3845-4 (PDF) Suomen ympäristökeskus From wild forest reindeer to biodiversity studies and environmental education Abstracts of the 20 years anniversary symposium of the Finnish - Russian Nature Reserve Friendship Outi Isokääntä and Jari Heikkilä (eds.) Helsinki 2011 FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE Layout: Pirjo Appelgrén Cover photo: Ari Meriruoko The publication is availble only in the internet www.environment.fi/syke/fnr20 ISBN 978-952-11-3845-4 (PDF) FOREWORD Jari Heikkilä Finnish Environment Institute Friendship Park Research Centre [email protected] Over the past 20 years the Finnish-Russian Friendship Nature Reserve has been in- volved in opening the border between the East and the West for nature conservation and research. -
Das Rote Finnland
Als der KunNordstern Pohjan- tähtirot Värjäywurde- tyi Punaiseksi Revolution und Konterrevolution in Finnland 1917/1918 1. Auflage: März 2009; 2. Auflage: Juni 2010. Redaktion: Stefan Schneider, Hugo Jalava. Layout: Wladek Flakin. ViSdP: R. Müller, Hamburg. 3 Vorwort zur ersten Auflage Das erste sozialistische Land der Welt? Das müsste jedes Schulkind wissen. Aber das zweite? Das hätte der Autor vor einem Jahr auch nicht gewusst. Das „kleine und mutige Finnland“ (Väinö Linna)1, Land von HolzfällerInnen und Han- dydesignerInnen, ist die richtige Antwort. Schon beim Begriff der „finnischen Revolution“ werden die meisten an irgendeine technische Erneuerung von No- kia denken. Doch Finnland hatte eine eigene Rote Armee! Vor 91 Jahren, im Januar 1918, nahm die finnische ArbeiterInnenklasse die Macht in ihre Hände, um Unabhängigkeit für ihr Land und Gerechtigkeit für sei- ne EinwohnerInnen zu erkämpfen. Die Bourgeoisie schlug mit voller Kraft zu- rück – ob finnisch, schwedisch, russisch oder deutsch, sie hielten alle zusammen gegen die finnischen ArbeiterInnen – und ermordeten mindestens 20.000 Rote. Auch wenn das heutige Finnland ein Vorbild sozialer Ruhe zu sein scheint, fin- den sich vereinzelt Spuren dieser Vergangenheit. Die meisten FinnInnen, abge- sehen von den wenigen KommunistInnen, reden ungern darüber. International ist die finnische Revolution auch unter Linken kaum bekannt. Deswegen geht diese Broschüre der Frage nach, was genau passiert ist. Und vor allem stellt sie die Frage: was können wir als RevolutionärInnen heute daraus lernen? Turku, den 1. Januar 20092 Vorwort zur zweiten Auflage Das Interesse an der fast unbekannten finnischen Revolution war deutlich grö- ßer, als wir erwartet hatten. Deshalb veröffentlichen wir eine zweite Auflage die- ser Broschüre mit unzähligen kleinen Korrekturen, einer neuen Titelseite und auch zwei historischen Dokumenten von W.I. -
RUSSO-FINNISH RELATIONS, 1937-1947 a Thesis Presented To
RUSSO-FINNISH RELATIONS, 1937-1947 A Thesis Presented to the Department of History Carroll College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Academic Honors with a B.A. Degree In History by Rex Allen Martin April 2, 1973 SIGNATURE PAGE This thesis for honors recognition has been approved for the Department of History. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to acknowledge thankfully A. Patanen, Attach^ to the Embassy of Finland, and Mrs. Anna-Malja Kurlkka of the Library of Parliament in Helsinki for their aid in locating the documents used In my research. For his aid In obtaining research material, I wish to thank Mr. H. Palmer of the Inter-Library Loan Department of Carroll College. To Mr. Lang and to Dr. Semmens, my thanks for their time and effort. To Father William Greytak, without whose encouragement, guidance, and suggestions this thesis would never have been completed, I express my warmest thanks. Rex A. Martin 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... v I. 1937 TO 1939 ........................................................................................ 1 II. 1939 TO1 940.................................................... 31 III. 1940 TO1 941............................................................................................. 49 IV. 1941 TO1 944 ......................................................................................... 70 V. 1944 TO 1947 ........................................................................................ -
Sámi Youth Perspectives, Education and the Labour Market
Sámi Youth Perspectives, Education and the Labour Market Lise Smed Olsen, Linnea Löfving, Juho-Matti Paavola, Jens Bjørn Grelck NORDREGIO REPORT 2020:5 nordregio report 2020:5 1 Sámi Youth Perspectives, Education and the Labour Market Lise Smed Olsen, Linnea Löfving, Juho-Matti Paavola, Jens Bjørn Grelck NORDREGIO REPORT 2020:5 Sámi Youth Perspectives, Education and the Labour Market Nordregio Report 2020:5 Table of Contents ISBN 978-91-87295-93-5 (PDF) ISSN 1403-2503 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 6 DOI: http://doi.org/10.6027/R2020:5.1403-2503 1.1 Purpose of the study ................................................................................................................................ 7 © Nordregio 2020 1.2 Structure of the report ........................................................................................................................... 8 Nordregio P.O. Box 1658 2. Overview of Sámi Institutions and Organisations .................................................. 10 SE-111 86 Stockholm, Sweden 2.1 Sámi parliaments: education and regional development ............................................................. 10 [email protected] 2.1.1 Cross-border cooperation on language standardisation .....................................................12 www.nordregio.org www.norden.org 2.2 Sámi youth organisations: issues on the agenda ............................................................................. -
Finnish Studies
Journal of Finnish Studies Volume 23 Number 1 November 2019 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-7328298-1-7 JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458, Box 2146, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TEXAS 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1420; Fax 1.936.294.1408 E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Assoc. Editor, Sam Houston State University [email protected] Hilary-Joy Virtanen, Asst. Editor, Finlandia University [email protected] Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin, Madison Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University Tim Frandy, Assistant Professor, Western Kentucky University Daniel Grimley, Professor, Oxford University Titus Hjelm, Associate Professor, University of Helsinki Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Johanna Laakso, Professor, University of Vienna Jason Lavery, Professor, Oklahoma State University James P. Leary, Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin, Madison Andrew Nestingen, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle Jyrki Nummi, Professor, University of Helsinki Jussi Nuorteva, Director General, The National Archives of Finland Juha Pentikäinen, Professor, University of Lapland Oiva Saarinen, Professor Emeritus, Laurentian University, Sudbury Beth L. -
Disease Control and Border Lockdown at the EU's Internal Borders During the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Case of Finland Virkkunen, Joni
www.ssoar.info Disease control and border lockdown at the EU's internal borders during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Finland Virkkunen, Joni Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Virkkunen, J. (2020). Disease control and border lockdown at the EU's internal borders during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Finland. Baltic Region, 12(4), 83-102. https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2020-4-5 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-ND Lizenz (Namensnennung- This document is made available under a CC BY-ND Licence Keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu (Attribution-NoDerivatives). For more Information see: den CC-Lizenzen finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.de Diese Version ist zitierbar unter / This version is citable under: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-72226-8 DISEASE CONTROL AND BORDER LOCKDOWN AT THE EU’S INTERNAL BORDERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE CASE OF FINLAND J. Virkkunen University of Eastern Finland Received 10 October 2020 2 Yliopistokatu St., Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2020-4-5 © Virkkunen, J., 2020 The article discusses the lockdown of the EU’s internal borders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland. Special attention is paid to bordering as a means for disease control and the governments’ aim to “protect the population and secure functions of society” during the pandemic. Not only did the government restrict flights and ‘non- essential’ travel from non-Schengen countries such as Russia, China and Thailand but, with some exceptions, it also restricted everyday cross-border encounters and commuting between Finland and its Schengen neighbours of Sweden, Norway and Estonia. -
From the Tito-Stalin Split to Yugoslavia's Finnish Connection: Neutralism Before Non-Alignment, 1948-1958
ABSTRACT Title of Document: FROM THE TITO-STALIN SPLIT TO YUGOSLAVIA'S FINNISH CONNECTION: NEUTRALISM BEFORE NON-ALIGNMENT, 1948-1958. Rinna Elina Kullaa, Doctor of Philosophy 2008 Directed By: Professor John R. Lampe Department of History After the Second World War the European continent stood divided between two clearly defined and competing systems of government, economic and social progress. Historians have repeatedly analyzed the formation of the Soviet bloc in the east, the subsequent superpower confrontation, and the resulting rise of Euro-Atlantic interconnection in the west. This dissertation provides a new view of how two borderlands steered clear of absorption into the Soviet bloc. It addresses the foreign relations of Yugoslavia and Finland with the Soviet Union and with each other between 1948 and 1958. Narrated here are their separate yet comparable and, to some extent, coordinated contests with the Soviet Union. Ending the presumed partnership with the Soviet Union, the Tito-Stalin split of 1948 launched Yugoslavia on a search for an alternative foreign policy, one that previously began before the split and helped to provoke it. After the split that search turned to avoiding violent conflict with the Soviet Union while creating alternative international partnerships to help the Communist state to survive in difficult postwar conditions. Finnish-Soviet relations between 1944 and 1948 showed the Yugoslav Foreign Ministry that in order to avoid invasion, it would have to demonstrate a commitment to minimizing security risks to the Soviet Union along its European political border and to not interfering in the Soviet domination of domestic politics elsewhere in Eastern Europe. -
The Socialist Soviet Republic of Scandinavia
Ajalooline Ajakiri, 2015, 3 (153), 287–326 The Socialist Soviet Republic of Scandinavia Ainur Elmgren ABSTRACT Nationalist and regionalist geopolitical concepts were appropriated in the ser- vice of Communist world revolution by Finnish activists in Sweden, Finland, and Soviet Karelia. The influence of Social Democratic statesman and scholar of geopolitics, Väinö Voionmaa, can be traced in the negotiations that led to the foundation of an autonomous Karelian Labour Commune in 1921. Exiled Finnish revolutionaries persuaded the Bolsheviks that Karelia could become a stepping-stone towards revolution in Finland and Scandinavia. A greater So- cialist Soviet Republic of Scandinavia, united by cultural, geographical and eco- nomical factors, would monopolize the timber market and exercise economic power over Western Europe. The idea of a Scandinavian revolution was aban- doned along with the idea of world revolution in the mid-1920s. The last men- tions of a Soviet Scandinavia can be found in anti-Soviet propaganda long after the demise of its promoters in the Great Terror. Keywords: geopolitics, revolution, regionalism, nationalism, Scandinavia, So- viet Union, Karelian Labour Commune The pursuit of a “Greater Finland” is a well-known chapter in the history of Finnish nationalism. The Greater Finland project uniting the “tribal brothers” of Finland and Karelia, sometimes also the national irredenta of the border regions in Northern Sweden and Norway, the Kola Penin- sula and the Finno-Ugric minorities of Russia, was practically monopo- lized by right-wing intellectual movements after Finland’s independence in 1917 and the subsequent civil war.1 However, it had inspired politicians and scholars identifying as Socialist before, and it would continue to do so. -
Meine Dissertation
- 1 - DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation Die Nördliche Dimension der Europäischen Union Verfasser Mag. Christian Hütterer angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, im November 2008 Studienkennzahl A 092 300 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienkennblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuer: o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Peter Gerlich - 2 - Einleitung .............................................................................................................. 8 1. Zum Begriff des Nordens ................................................................................ 10 1.1 Der Mythos des Nordens............................................................. 11 1.2 Im Spannungsfeld zwischen nordischer Kooperation und europäischer Integration.......................................................................... 19 1.3 Die Rezeption des Mythos des Nordens in Russland ................. 22 1.4 Die Rezeption des Mythos des Nordens in Finnland................... 23 1.5 Baltizismus .................................................................................. 28 1.6 Der Ostseeraum als Zone der regionalen Zusammenarbeit nach dem Ende des Kalten Krieges................................................................. 29 2 Finnland und die Europäische Union....................................................... 32 2.1 Das Werden des finnischen Staates ........................................... 32 2.2 Finnland nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ........................................ 35 2.3 Der Begriff der „Finnlandisierung“ .............................................. -
The Role of the Republic of Karelia in Russia's Foreign and Security Policy
Eidgenössische “Regionalization of Russian Foreign and Security Policy” Technische Hochschule Zürich Project organized by The Russian Study Group at the Center for Security Studies and Conflict Research Andreas Wenger, Jeronim Perovic,´ Andrei Makarychev, Oleg Alexandrov WORKING PAPER NO.5 MARCH 2001 The Role of the Republic of Karelia in Russia’s Foreign and Security Policy DESIGN : SUSANA PERROTTET RIOS This paper gives an overview of Karelia’s international security situation. The study By Oleg B. Alexandrov offers an analysis of the region’s various forms of international interactions and describes the internal situation in the republic, its economic conditions and its potential for integration into the European or the global economy. It also discusses the role of the main political actors and their attitude towards international relations. The author studies the general problem of center-periphery relations and federal issues, and weighs their effects on Karelia’s foreign relations. The paper argues that the international contacts of the regions in Russia’s Northwest, including those of the Republic of Karelia, have opened up opportunities for new forms of cooperation between Russia and the EU. These contacts have en- couraged a climate of trust in the border zone, alleviating the negative effects caused by NATO’s eastward enlargement. Moreover, the region benefits economi- cally from its geographical situation, but is also moving towards European standards through sociopolitical modernization. The public institutions of the Republic