.HISTOlZY . OF. LIMERICK* IEISTORP OF LIMERICIC. 685 sl~pportedbp two massivc pillars of thc Tonic order. The fapde is very CHAPTER LXI. elegant. An iron balustrade gocs round the entmncc. ST. JOHN'S Church stands in thc square' opposite the remains of the old black battery, on the ground which will be ever mcmorable as one of the ST. MUNCHIN'SCHUBCE, which has been already partly described, was busiest battle-grounds of the last of thc sieges. It is a vcry neat, compact, rebuilt in 1827 at the cost of E1,460, and is a handsome structure, with a and substantial building of cut lime stone, Anglo-Norman in design, built lofty square tower, embattled and pinnacled. The living is a rectory, in 1813, and forming an imposing feature of the scene, notwithstanding united from time immemorial to the rectory and vicarage of Killohehan the superior attractiveness of the new Catholic cathcdra! of St. John's, and the rectory of Drehidtarsna, the three parishes constituting the corps which stands in close proximity. Over the organ loft is a handsome of the prebend of St. Munchin in the Cathedral of St. Mary, Limerick, wheel window with richly stained glass in the centre, in which are the and in the patronage of the Bishop. Of the churches mentioned as armorial bearings of" the ltussells. 'l'herc are also stained glass memorial existing in Limerick in the will of Martin Thomas Arthur, four have windows to the memory of deceased members of the Pery family, the entire1 disappeared, namely those of St. Laurencc, St. Nicholas, St. Russells, Maunsells, and Gorneillcs. The old church of St. John, before its ~atrd,and St. Michael, notices of which frequently occur in the history. renovation, was an ancient ediiice, comprising a nave, with a north and ST. MARY'SCathedral has been already fully described. Bouth aisle, extending the whole lcngth of the building. It had been ST. LAURENCR'SChurch stbod on the Cork road, near the site of the repaired by a grant of £185 19s. 3d. from the Ecclesiastical Commis- present county jail. The parish is an entire rectory, and had been in the sioners. St. John's is a vicarap and in the gift of the Earl of Limerick. gift of the Corporation, who sold the advowson to the trustees of the Blind The cemetery, which, judging from the quantity of human bones occa- Asylum. sionally dug up in the square around it, must have bccn originally of ST. NICHOLAS'SChurch, near the Castle barrack, on the ground after- greater extent, is surrounded by a wall which bears an inscription, wards occupied by the old post office, was destroyed during the last informing us that it was repaired not by John Foorde, Mayor, as Fitz- siege of 1691. Described as a busy scene of action in 1642. gerald, copying the blunder of Ferrar states, but by the parishioners at ST. MICIIAEL'YCliurch, outside the walls, in the churchyard near Mar- at their own expense. dyke. Destroyed in the sicge of 1691. The cathedral is now the parish The following is the inscription:- church of St. Nicholas, as wcll as of St. Alary's. The parish of St. l\llichael, Johanne Foord, Pretore which is a rectory, united from time immemorial to part of the rectory of et hujus operis promot Kildimo and the rectory of Ard~gll,the three parislies constitubing the ore parochiani sancti union of St. Michael and the corps of the archdeaconry of Limerick, in Johannis de Santa Cruce the patronage of the Bishop, comprchcnds the whole of the new town, as post recentes belli cla St. John's fbm t&e Irish town, and St. Mary's, St. Munchin's, and St. des hos caineterii mur Nicholas's, the English town. All these parishcs are within the bounds of OS suio sumptibus ex the county of the city. trui curdrunt. A.D. 1693. ST. GEOILGE'SChurch, a ncat structure which was used as a chapel of ease for the parish of St. Ilichael, has also disappeared. It occupied the JOHANNEPATEISON. Vicari0. EDVARDOUXCLES, \ site of the pxscnt Provincial Bank of Ireland in Gcorge's Street. It was ROBEIWOKEJIP. t Guardians. built and enrlowcd in 1789 by the Pery familj-, and was a plain but neat JO~BARRY, %c~~pit. and commodious edifice. St. bIichael's Church, Pery Square, is built of Which may be thus literally translated- cut stone, and possesses little intercst, except the east window, which is wcll worthy of inspection, being vcry loftv, and elaborately decorated in the John Foord being Mayor, and promoter of this work, style of the fifteenth century, to m&h date it belongs, having foimerly the parishioners of belonged to the ancient abbey of St. Francis. St. John of the Holy Cross, An episcopal chapel of cut stone, in connection with the Blind Asylum, after the recent havoc which is attached to it, was erected in Upper Cadmine Street, in the parish of the mar, of St. 3fichae1, in 1834, by subscriptions raised in England and Jrcland, procured the by the personal exertions of the Venerd.de Ed. N. IIoae, Archdeacon of building of these Ardfert, subsequently chaplain, and one of the trustees. Its portico is walls of the 1 The Protestwt. Bishop's palace stands at the north side of Ha~:ryStreet, in close juxta- cemetery at theh position with Mr. Bussell's lien store, which had hen the residence of the &l of Limerick. own expense. The two mansions present one great but plrrin faqade of brick masonry, and send otF a con- joint demesne from their rere to the qnavr. The joint value of Limerick, ArdSert, and Then follow the names of the vicar and ch~reh~arden~. 1'563, yeais Aghadoe, which were cousolidnted with ~.i~n&ic!iin on an average of three ading 1 In this Square, just opposite St. JO~U'Scathedral, the foundation stone, a handsomefous Docombor 31, 1831, amounts to £4,535 3s. Ijd. goss, and £3,987 17s. l@. nett. tain qf cut lime stone, was laid on the 31st of Octobcr, 1865, by John K. Tiinsley, Esq., maror, it being erected by thc committee of the Pcry Jubilee Fund. 686 HISTORY OF LIIKERICK. RISTORY OF LINERICK. 687

Inside the wall. in the churchyard. is a cut stone recess. with death'$ The following are the benefices in the diocese of Limerick: head and cross bones carved on it. and this inscription: Benefice. Church Revenno Union. Rectory. Vicarage, Patron. from Glebe lands: John Foorde. Mayor. 1693. or Perpetual Cwe Rent Charges. e te. The pcriod of the erection of the old church has been supposcd to be Abbeyfeale. v .... Crown...... coeval with the fortification of the Irish town. in the early part of the Adare. v. ... Earl of Dunraven...... fifteenth century. The oldest tomb in the churchyard. probably belonging Ardcanny. r. ... Bishop...... Askeaton. a. ... Sir M. Blackiston...... to a date not much posterior. is Gxcd in the wall near the entrance. Ballingany. v bearing the device of a slipper. and having a defaced inscription written .... Eari of Cork and Orrery. ... Ballycahane. r round the sidcs. stating that Philip causcd the monument to be .... Bishop ... .. Brag. and Uregare. Bishop...... erected. and praying the Lord to have mercy on his soul. The slipper Bruree. v. . . Dean of limerick, ...... probably rcfcrs to the fatal dancing which led to the beheading of John Cahernarry. p. c.... Dean of Limerick...... the Baptist. to whom this church is dedicated. Several respectable CastIerobert. U .... Bishop...... citizens of modern times. including tRe Gavin family. are buried in this Chapelrusscll. r. v .... Bishop...... churchyard. Among the other tombs are those of the Catholic Bishops Clonelty. U. ... Vicars Choral of Limerick. ... O'Kearney. Conway. M'Mahon. and one of older date bearing a variety of Corcomohide. v .... Vicars Choral of Limerick. ... most curious sculptures. represcntiq that part of the Gospel history Crecora, v. ... Vicars Choral of Lierick. ... which describes the betrayal of the Saviour. The cock. thirty pieces of Croagh. v. ... Henry Watson, Esq.. ... silver. etc., etc., arc quite visible. Before 1763. when £500 were ex- Croom. r. v. ... John Croker. Esq.. ... ended on the repairs of this church. it contained a fine monunent of the Derrygalvin. r.... Bishop...... gowcr family. by figures of the twelve a ostles. sculptured Donoughmore. r .... Bishop...... surrounded Drehidtarsna. r in stone. with a~morialbearings. and having the foi owing insception .... Incumbent of St. Munchin's. ... P Dromin. U. ... J. Croker. Esq...... underneath: - Dysart. r. ... Bishop...... THOMAS POWER. quondam civis Limericensis. et ejus uxor Effi. r. ... Earl of Dunraven...... JOANNA BICE. hoc monumenturn haeredibus suis construxerunt. in Fedamore. u. ... Bishop...... quo ambo sepeliuntur. Ora pro eis pius lector. Kilbreedyminor. r. v . Bishop...... Quisquis eris qui transis. Kilbrodan. r. v .... Bishop...... Sta, perlege. plora, Kilcolman. r. ... Bishop...... Sum quod eris. fueramque qud es. Kilcornan. r. ... Rev. T. Waller...... Pro me precor ora. Kildimo. p. c. ... Archdeacon of Limerick. ... Hoc finito. A.D. 1622. Kilfintinan. v. ... Lord Leconfield...... In English:- Kilfergus. v. ... Vicars Choral of Limerick. ... Thomas Power. formerly citizen of Limerick. and Joanna his wife. Kilhane. u. ... Earl of Cork, ... .. erected this tomb for their posterity. in which both of them are Kilflyn. r. ... Bishop...... interred. Pray for them. pious reader. Kilkeedyyr . v ... Crown...... Killaliathan. v .... Lord Muskerry...... Whoe'er thou art who passest. stand. Killeedy. r. v .... Gishop...... Read and mourn at heart; Killeely. r. v. Bishop...... I am what thou shalt be. Kilmallock. ... Dean and Chapter of Limerick. I had been what thou art. Kilmoylan. v .... Vicars Choral of Limerick. ... Pray for my better part. Kilmurray. r. ... Crown...... The original entrance to the church was at the western door. to which KiIpeacon. u. ... Bishop...... it was again transferred. after the building of the square. Over the eastern Kilscanllell ... Bishop...... entrance in John's Strcct. was a coat of arms cut in stone. bearing the Loughill, U. ... Bishop...... following inscription :- Mahoonagh. r.... Earl of Devon...... Gursnm Cor Manisternenagh. v. Crown. for Lord Southwell, ... Contritus Mungret. v. ... Dean of Limerick...... JOHANNES MURRAY. AEerdonensis. Nantinan. p. c.... Precentor of Limerick. ... Erected this Gate at his own Expenses. Keweastle. U. ... Earl of Devon, ...... Johnw Sinclair. Sculpd. 1693. gate. and wus soon aftemrds so rcdnccd. tllnt his goods ~rrcdistrained by the exc'm; whew 31emento Mori. lipon a poetical gurger subjoined the following conplct to the above lines:- Johannes Murmy. bdhe been wise. Miiriay crpmd6d much of the money which he had made as a pnblican. h btulldfng Would have kept this money to pay his escisc. HISTORY 08 LIJIERICK. BISTORY OF LIMERICK, 689 . . Rathkeale, U...... Bishop, ... the old one; but tllc latter society soon found mcans to build a bettcr Hathronan, r. v. ... ., . Bishop, ..- house, known as St. Michael's, p. c ... Ex1 of Limerick, ... THE PRIMITIVE WESLEPANMETHODIST PREACNINGHOUS E, in Bedford St. John's, v. ... -.. Earl of Limerick, ... Row, founded in 1821, built of cut stone, in the Gothic style, with St. Laurence, v...... Trustees of Blind Asylum, iron balustrade and handsome entrance. The interior is very neat. Apart- St. Mary's, U...... Crmn ... ments for the preacher are attached to the house. St. Michael's, U. ... Iiisl~o~, ... ..' TEE INDEPENDENT CHAPEL-% plain, substantial building, we'l suitcd St. Munchin's, U. Eislinp, ...... for the purpose for which it is intended, and adjoining the latter place St. Patrick's, r. ... S.. Bishop, ... Shanagolden, v...... Prerrmtor of Limerick, of worship. Tsnkardstown, r...... Bishop, ... Tomdeely, U...... Precentor of Limcrick, Tullebrackey, r...... I3ishop, ... The total rcvcnuc may bc glcancd from thc nbovc. Cost of glebe houses, 225,894, statute acres of glcbc, 1082, cost of Protcstnnt parish cliurchcs, 527,1347, number of persons for w11o:n nccommodation is pro- vided in parish churclics, 8,670, nunbcr of mcmbcrs of Estnblislicd Church in benefice, 11,122, Catholics in bcnciicc, 246,302.' The following arc the plnccs of worsl~ipattcndcd by tllc Protestant dissenters, who form a numerous and rcspcctablc of the in- habitants THE PRESBYTERIAN ~~EETINGHOUSE, a commoctious cdiGcc of cut stone, is situatcd in Glcntworth Sticct, ncar thc Dominican church. Their former place of worship was in I'cter Strcct, having bccn built In 1775, with a liousc for tlw minister, at an expcnsc of £500. They had previously, that is, soon aftcr thc llcvolution, rcntcd the chapcl of the old Augustine Nunnery in Petcr's Cell. Thc Prcsbytcrians in Limcrick have been largely incrcasccl by an ncccssion of scvcral Scotch families, whose rcpresentativcs are now nmcrchnnts, and otl~crmiscrcspcctably employed in the city. THE QUAKERS'~~EETIXC HO USE is at prcscnt in Cccil Strcct. It had been first in Creagh Lane, and was ~~~C~TVDT~Sin htcr Strcct, whcrc tllcy had a canetcry, now disuscd for thc more n~oclci~lonc at L!alliuncurra Pikc. The Quakcrs scttlcd in Limcrick in l(i5j. THE ~~ETHoDIsTs.-S~IO~~~~alkr 1748 Or 1749, whcn the first Mctliodiat sermon was prcached upon thc 1':imclc Castle Barrack by a Mr. Swindall, the celebrated Mr. Weslcy ~isitcdLimcrick, and a society being formed, they rented the old Church ,of St. Francis7Abbey, whcsc tlqcontinued until 1763, whcn thcy ercctccl n hanclsome brick housc, near the cityco~i~% house, at the expcnsc of f 600. It was supported by four coluinns of the Tuscan ordcr. The congregation subscqucntly rcmovcd to the ncm town. THE NET~ODIST~ESLETAN CHAPEL.-In IS12 this vcry neat preaching housc was erected in Gcorge Street. It is built of cut stone, with :L flight of steps and balustrade of cast iron. The interior is ncat and con- veniently arranged. After the dispntcs rcspccting the expcdicncy of sacramental administrations by the preachers in 1815, the Alctliodists divided into the Wcslcyan Mctliodists, who kept posscssion of the ncw house in George Strect, \vhile the Primitive Weslcyan Methodists retained Sir Willinm (Justice) Shec's Uktory and fiaiidcs of Be Irish Church. HISTORY OF LIMERICX. 691

White MSS.,tollowed by Ferrar and Fitzgerald, state that London did not obtain a mayor till 1207, ten years after Limerick. The charter of King John to London (12th May, 1208), gave the privilege of appointing the mayor annually to tlie citizens. Richard reserved the choice to the king. White, who states he compiled his list of mayors from three ancient manu- scripts, disagrees in some particulars with Sexten's Chartulary and Book in the British Museum, which contains a list of mayors and bailiffs from 1256, when he places Reynald de Sancto Jacobo as mayor, to 1636, when his list terminates. The Arthur MS§. begin the list in 1215, when they place Siwardus de Fferandona as provost; and in the year 1218, give Thomzs Fitz-John Arthur as mayor. A~thur'slist ends in 1651. We compile our roll from the three MSS., supplying names from one which do not appear in the other. PROVOSTS. '1195 John Spafford, elected and sworn on Monday after Michaelmss Day, and to continue such till Monday after Michaelmas the year following. l196 Alexander Barrett, 1197 Henry Troy. CHAPTER LXIII. MAYORS. BAILIFFS. 1197-8 Adam Sarvant, John Bambery, Walter White. A LIST OF THE PROVOSTS, MAYORS, BAILIFFS, AND l199 Thomas Cropper, SHERIFFS, OF THE CITY OF LIMERICK, FROM THE 1210 Roger Maij, YEAR 1195, TO THE YEAR 1866, etc. 1211 John Cambitor. I IAYORS. 1212 Walter Crop, 1197. In this year, being the ninth of Richard I., Limerick obtained a 1213 Robert White, charter to elect mayors and bailiffs. The Arthur and Sexten MSS. say: c' On the 18th of December this year, John, Earl of Moreton, then sole h reign of Wiiam Conqueror, 'I William Bishop" procured from the Conqueror his chmter of liberties. "To the said William Bishop and Godfrey, portgrave, and to all the burgesses of Lord of Ireland, dwelling at the time in Killaloe (in pago Laonensi), the city of londou*. Anno 1087. bestowed on Limerick, by his charter, the honours of a city, and guve to "Portgrave, or portreeve, means (Saxon, two words) port or town, and guardian or keeper". it the same liberties, immunities, indulgences, and privileges, which he 'l'he first charter was as follows:- " Wiam, Kyng, gret Williarn Bisceep and Gosfregh porterelan, and ealle tha Bnrhwarn had a short time before granted to the city of Dubh; he gave to it the binnen Londone Frencisce and Englisce friendlise". faculty of electing prztors, who are called mayors, and duumvirs, whom (By Wiliam Conqueror in Sazon lan,page.) they wed to call bailiffs, but whom by a more recent charter af King King Stephen used portgrave. I-lenry I1 U Portgrave". James I., they now call sl~eriffs". The first royal charter was not granted to These portgraves were called vice comites, viscounts, or sheriis, as beingunder comes, i.a, ari Waterford td 1205-6, by King John ;n the seventh year of his reign; earl. and it was not till 1220, the 5th of Henry III., that a charter was granted to Fitz-Stephens wrote (Henry II.), this c$y is divided like Rome, instead of consnls has sheriffs, it has senators and aldermen* Cork. The 6th of July, first Richard I., 1189, is assigned by some autho- Richard I. changed the title of portgrave to bailix and appointed two persons yearly. rities as the date of the grant of mayor and bailiffs to London.' The 1209 King John altered the title from bWto "mayor" (que~efrom Latin major, or meyr (h.),or miret (Brit.), and the sheriffs called baliva. Stowe shows that the officeof mayor was older than that of Bichsrd I., 1189. We learn from Nash's City of London Records, that Alfred, King of the West Ssxons, com- mitted the safe custody of London to his son-in-law, Adhern, Earl of Mercia; on his death the PIRST XAYOB. whole citv reverted to Ihp: Edward &'theElder ", and remained in his hands and governed by Henry Fitz-Alwyn (draper) was htelected Mayor of London He served from Richard I. him by ""~ortgraves" or 'lPortrebves". until 16th John (24 years), but he was originally bailiff", and then nominakd "mayor". Coke says, 2 Institute, Before and since the time of Richard I., London was governed by a In 1208 the King, by letters patent, granted to the citizens the liberty and authority yearly Portreeve. In Richard I. by the bailiffs, afterwards by a 'mayd appointed by the Ktng. to choose themselves a mayor. But by 9th John, the King granted 'quod eliyani a mayor de setpsrs annually'". In 12th May, 9th King John, by letters patent, granted permission for a mayor to be annuany Stow ws, that.& the reign of King Edward, thb last Lfwe the Conqueror, WoVegare was chosen by themselves out of their own body. portgrave;as app& by charter. Henry ILL in 1233, granted a charter to the citizens of London to &CQSE their own mayor. The charter was, " Ed-4 King,- greeteth- Blfwad, Bishop, and Wolfgare, my Portgave, The title of " Lord" accorded to mayor by Richard 11. in 1381. and all the burgess& of London". The &t Provost of Dublin, given in HarrSs Bk. of Dub., was John Le Decer, 1308; firat Another charter, King Edwd greeteth Willitam Bishop and Swetonan my PortgraveW. mayor, 1309, Thomas Co858ck; hatLord Mayor, Sir Daniel Bellin&un, 1665. in another charter to Cherlsey he says, To Bishop and Leofstane and Also " Wim ABy [A. 8. W. refer respectively to drthnr, Sexton, and White's XSS.1 portgraves ". 692 HISTORY OF LIIXERICK. HISTORY OF LIMERICK 693

h. XAYORS. BAILIFFS. MAYOIL% PALLIBFS. 1301 John do Hanco, 1214 Siward Minutor, 1215 Siwardus de Fferendona. 1302 Robert Poines, 1216 J. Kussell, alias Creagh.- 1303 Henry Troy, John White, Philip Troy, S. 1217 John ~anbrn~. d 1304 Richaid Milles Owen, 1218 John Fitz-Thomas Arthur. Nicholas Walsh, Nicholas Fitz-Biu, 1306 John White, John Moore, Richard Symbols. 1219 John Avenhrugger, 1306 Thomas Bambury, Fitzgerdd gives the above name and date, on what authority I knownot. 1307 William I.oung, malter Jannell, Robert Warren. 1230 Reynold de St. Jacobo, hlaurice Bland, Piene Russell. 1308 Kobert Juvenis or Yong, Ilenry 'I'roy, Alexander Harrett. In page 23 of the Black Bsok. Simon Herwarder is styled Mayor, and Manrice Blund nnd Walter of Adare W. gives the followrng for I908 and 1309 : Provosts; again, p. 40, Pesjnald de Sto. Jacobu is called Seneschal of Limerick. John Bolingford, William Mac John. 1308 Gregory Wambold, John Kildare, William Croppe. 1231 Nicholas Fitzsimon, 1309 Gregory Wainbold, William Clean, David Russell. 1234 Geraldns Domiler, 1310 John Bambery, Walter White, Philip Sainbold. 123.5 Johu de Hanco, 1311 Howland Troy according to 1236 John Pnineq White, but nccording to 1237 Henry Troy, Jo!,n White, Philip Rainbold. Arthur, Fitz-John Albus 1238 Richard hIillesowen. (or White), Robert Long, Thomas Crop. From 1230 to 1255 sixteen Mayors are unknown say White's MSS., but the following appear In A and S. 1312 John Creagh of Adare says 1241 Nicholas Fitz-Thos. Arthur White, but according to 1255 John White, John Moore, RicLard Reymbold. Arthur, Gaylbnrdus de 1258 Thomas Crop, Melen. Richard Long, Thomas Winnebol 1259 Adam Serjeant, 1313 Walter White says White, 1260 Henry Troy, but according to brthur, 1261 Robert Juvenis (S.) (or John de Langeton, Thomas Crop, Nicholas Ricalf. Young0 Robert Keym- 1314 John Sarntone, Thornas Croppe, Nlcholas Ricolfe, S. bold, Alexander Bwret Robert Troy, Richard Loung, Thomas Wambold, W. 1316 Kobert Juvenis, Henry Troy, Alexander Barrett, S. (W.> 1262 Reginddde St. Jacobo, Gregory Warnbold, John Dannell, John Naah, W. 1263 John Russell, alias Creaghe, 1316 John White, Nicholas Fitz-Thomas Blake, and WXim Fitz-Thornas 1264 John Banberg, Mouer, S. Maurice de Lisborn, Stephen Danniel, Alanns O'Hartegan, W. 1265 Richard Troway, Anlane 0 None, Owen Moore, S. 1266 Geraldus de Mulier, S. 1317 Thos. Blake Kildare, John Wi,por, John Troy, S. 1267 John Hamilton, (S. W. Gregory Wambold (White) Hampton, W.j From 1318 to 1828, Sexten gives nolist. White gives thefolloning:- 1268 Robert Yoynes, (W.) 1318 Sicholas White. Willi:lm 1269 Henry Troy, W. Prendergast," accord~rlg 1270 Hichard Milles Owen, W. to Roll Just. It. 44, 45 1271 John White, W. John Moora, Richard Beymbold, S. Hen. 111. 1272 Gregory Wanybould, W. John Danpell, John Nash, (S.) 1319 Philin INicholas White,:Gregory 'Wainbold. 1294 Nnurice Lisborn, From 1302 to 1349, Sexten gives no names; Arthur given some, and While the fullowing :- 1295 Gerald de Morly, Anlonus O'Neonan, Owen Moore, S. l332 Thomas Bambery Thomas Tallow, John Howse 1296 Richard Troy. Nichoh Walsh, John Troy, S. 1333 Greg. Wainbold, William de Rupe, John Daniel 1297 Nicholas Fitzskmns, 1334 Thomas Black, of Kildare, John Vigmor, John Troy. 1298 Gerald Morles, 1336 Kichard Milles Owen, John Rembold, Kichard Rembold. 1299 Richard Troy, Sexten state that Jobn Daniel was mayor this year, James Uoore, John Yassie, Mliff% 1300 John Kildare+cond time The Prenderpsts had large estates in those days at; Kllcolman, new Doneraile, and also at Uitchels- Mayor, Arthur MSS.) town then cuns~deredm the connty of Lhnenck. nwre was a dUlt raised as to what ccluncy purt of tl~alr Gerald Domilier W, est& was in. and twehc freeholdersof Cork, and twelvepf hlneriek, were llulnmoned to declda the pohrh The mrdas to thir 4BoU ofJurlices Itmcrat&l,44 and h Hen IIL I presume thlb branch of the Prander- *No names are given fpr Cxteen yews commencing 1254 and endhg 1300, by Sext~u r Arlbl~r, pn.t. ended 111 on haw, who carr~edthe estates tu tba fdyof the Geraldines hnowu nu $he Wluk Whir6 supplies some names dmgthese yeara. &night* 694 HISTORY OB LIMERICK. . I HISTORY OF LIMERICIC. 695 MAYORS. BAILIFFS. 1336 John White, Bichard Xoxthine, John Whice, W. MAYORS. 1337 Greg. Vainbold, John Daniel, John Nash. 1382 John White, Richard Nopthyrein, John Whyte, de Ballysheada, & According to Arthnr the persons following-John of Kildare, John Daniell, Thomas Ricolf, 1383 Richd. Troy, Nich. Woulfe, John Troy, S. 1338 John Kildare, A. W. Nicholas Symons, John Troy, A. 1384 Thomas Kildare, Wiliam Longe, Richard Grand, S. 1339 Thomas Kildare, Richard Troy, Nicholas Howse, W. 1385 Thom. Pill, Mathew Long, Roger White, A. 1340 Richard Milcs Owen, John Fleming, Lanrence Daniel, W. 1386 Richard Bultingfourd, Nich. Gough, Nich, Scourlock, A. 1341 Thomas Bambery, Thomas Taylor, John Howse, W. 1387 John White, John Spaffourd, Roger White, A. 1342 Bobert White, John Daniel, John Nash, W. 1388 Thomas Malby, John Cassy, Richard Wigmor, S. 1343 aregory Wambold, 1389 John White, Roger White, Thomas White. 1344 Simon Bouir, Richard Miles Owen, Thomas De Rannecks, A. 1390 Richard Baltingford, Pierce Callan, Brandon O'Hartigan, W. Gregory de Lisbon, W. 1391 John White, John Carter, John White, Alanus, O'Noyn, A.. 1345 Nicholas Fitz-Thomas, Martin Fitz-Thomas, William More A. 1392 John Kildare, John Man, John Carter. Simon Coney, Richard Miles Owen, Thomas de Knock, W. 1393 Thomas Kildare, John Sraws, Alanus O'Noyn, G 1346 Nicholas Fitz-Symons, Nicholas Tabernator, Thomas White, A. 1394 Thomas Kildare, John Grante, John Carter, S. W. gives John Bambury as mayor. 1395 Walter Daniel, W. John Grant, Fhilip Moddii, S. A. 1347 John Croft, W. 1396 Richard Bullingfourd, Brandanus O'Hethigan, Petrus 07Cullan, A. 1348 Richard Miles Owen, senior, Adam Moore, Richard Reymbald, A. W. I397 Thomas Kildare, Hichard Wale, Willam Yonge, A. 849 Richard Miles Owen, of 1398 Thomas Kildare, Nicholas Wdsh, Richard Mason. 1399 Nicholas Black, Emly, Rd. F. Thomas, John Loftg A. John Vigoner, John Moody, W White gives Thomas Silver, Richard Troy, and N~cholaaHussey. 1400 John Arthur, Richard Troy, John Moddii, G 1401 Peter Loftus. 350 Richard Millisse of hly, Richard Fitzthomax, John Loftus, W. John Budston, John Fitz-Robert Crevagh, A. 1402 Thomas spider, Thomas Comyn, John Whyte, 8. 1351 Robert Creagh, John Moore, Richard Rembold, W. 1403 Jobn Arthur. Thomas Comyn, Philip Lawless, A. 1352 Nich. Fitz-Thornas Martin Fitz-Thomas, William Moore, A. 1404 John ~rthu;, 27th June. 1353 Nicholas Fitzsimon, Wm. FitzAdam More, Maurice Fitzrtichard FitzThomas, A. John Spofford,6th Deo A. John Moddy, Peter O'CulInn. A. 1354 John Nash (W), Thornas Troy, MT Howse, of Hunlin, S. 1405 Thomas Kildare, 1355 Nicholas Black, of Kildare, John Vigoner, Richard Rembold, W. Richard Troy, Nicholas Fitz-HOWC,S. A. W. 1406 (Wanting in S. A. W.) Philip Callane, John Moddy, W. 1356 John Kildare, Richard Fit~simon,Thomas Troy, W. 1407 Thomas Comyn, 1357 Rd Bnltingfourd, Henry Croyn, Branden Valens. (A. & S.). 'Ihomas Arthur, Nicholas Walsh. A. 1408 'I hornas Comyn, Tbomas Arthnr, Nicholas Walsh, W. 1358 John Crofte (S.), 1409 Thoinns Col. yn, Thonas Arthur, Nicholas Walsh. A. White gives John Baltfngford,Henry Troy, and Branden Valens. 1410 John Bambery, William Long, John White. k 1359 Rd. Milles Owen, Itd. Fitz-Thomas, Henry Croyne (A.). 1411 Thomas Troy, A. W. Richard White, Nicholas Howell, A. This mayor was sworn in on the festwal of St. Senan the B~shop. A. YSS. 1412 (Wanting in S. A. W.) Nicholas Walsh, A. 1360 Rd. Milles Owen, jun., A.W. John Ffleminge, Laurence Daniel, A. 1413 Thomas Comyn, Pbilip Lawless, Richard White, A. 1361 Nicholas Bakkecar, John Wigmor, John Troy, A. 1414 Thomas White, Richard White, Peter Loftus, A. 1362 Robt. Creanghe, S. 1415 Peter Loftus, William Budston, John Crevagh,A. 1363 John Bambery, Wm. Longe, John White, S. 1416 Thornas Cornp: John Nagle, Nicholas Walsh, k 1364 Thos. Piil, Walter Gilbert, Roger White, S. 1417 Thomas Comyn, Richard White, Peter Loftus, k 1365 John Fitz-Thornas Arthur, Rd. Nashe, John White, S. 1418 John G&, alias Spafford, Richard White, William Harold, A. 1366 Thos. Bambery, Rd. Dony, Robt. Liborne, S. 1419 John Spafford, Nicholas Palliel, John Moddy, A. 1367 John B.dtingfourd, John Vigmor, Rd. Skiner, S. ' Sworn the flrst Wednesday after the feast of Corpus Christl A. 1368 Gilbert Fitz-Thomas, Dominick Cricke, William Man, 'W. l420 Richard Troy, Peter Loftus, John Troy, A. 1369 John White, Richaxd Nophine, John White, W. 1421 Thomas Arthur, Patrick Cogan, Thomas Barton, W. 1370 Gilbert F. Thomas Blake, John Creaugh, John Troy, A. 1422 Richd. Troy, Pires Loftue, John Trov, W. 1371 Robt. Creaugh, S. John Arthur, W. 1423- Spafford, Kichard Arthur, ill& Harold, W. 1372 John Arthur, S. David Cricke, Thorn. White, A. 1424 Pires Loftus, John Creaugh, William Budstone, A. 1373 Nicholas Blackader, John Wigmore, John Troy. l425 Richard Troy, William Creangh, John Borton, W. These were ofecers A.D. 1362,lZth Angust S 1286 Thomas Arthur, Nichohs Walsh. John Rede, A. 1374 Rd. Miles Owen, John Ffleminge, Laurence Daniell, S. 1427 Nicholas Stritch, Edmond Harrold, PhilEp Nagle, W. 1375 Wm. Bambery, Wm. Longe, John White, S. 1428 Thomas Comyn, W. 1376 Rd. Bultinfourd, Thom. Pill, Roger White, S. 1429 (Wanting in S. A. and W.) 1377 Thomas Kildare,* Wm. Longe, Rd. Grant, S. 1378 William White, Thomas Barkley John Man, W. 1379 Thoruas Kildare, Thomas White, Thomas Spicer, S. l880 Rd. Bultingford, Peter O'Cnllen, Brandon O'Hurtigane S. 1419 The woorke about Tome ny Clony and St. John's Gate in the suburbs began. S. Annals. 1381 John Bsnbery, Wm. Longe, Thom. Taylor, S. 1428 Cahan's Towre in ye east of the suburbs builte. Ibid. Tbe following are from the Arthur MSS :- * One of this name (glldare) was representativefor the eonnty and city of Limerick in the parliament of In 1419, Na Clouna Tower, and that portion of the town walls which looks towards St. John's Edward III A.D 1376 at Westminstef. ~~etwrm'lthe&xd and Arthnr. and the White MSS. roll there is much discre~ancvfrom 1357 to 1483. Gate and the country, were built. Previous to this date, the walls were princjpally confined to ~ii~iiIhGe&d%owed as faras heaible to adjust by r. careful compalison of the'rolli In readiog the& that part of the city which is now called the English town. Thomas Arthur, who was Mayor confused account8 o the chief magistrates of Limerick. we are reminded ot what Livy says of those of Rome :- in 1421, obtained a pardon (Patent and Close lZolLs of Chawe and Sekt Rolls, 58). A U~mtlimplicant er$sreo temporum et nomiuum ut nee qui coesules fucriut srcnndum qnosdam oruinares. pardon was granted in 1422 to the Corporation, of fines, etc. net etc". **.tbmanymistakes about persons and dates embairaas one, that you can neither tell who were consuls (a3 lftnr othm. nor". etc. However. there is nearly a wrfeet dmeement in all the MSS. rolls from 1483 down to In the charter of Henry VI. to the city, the abominable exclusion of 'Irishen" from all i5<&i1665, when S. and A. end. Arthur would apiear M hive had access to Sexten'sroll. whlch he margins privileges, etc., is expressed. some timer, with E, S. He quotee ancient MS% for his IOU, Sir Jumes Ware, family monwentu and iwrds, In 1424, the charters of Limerick were confirmed (P. and C. Rolls, 272). The bishop was summoned to answer certain charges (ib. 234). In 1419, another charter is granted to Limerick by Henry VL, and in tbia year the eastem HISTORY. . OF LII\IERIC& BISTORY OF LIMERICK.

BAILIFFS. MAY ORB. BAILIFFS. 1464 Nioholas Arthut, Patrick Cogan, Phillip Russall, A. W. John Pitz-William Arthur. John Marshall, & 1430 Richard Troy, Stephen Skeolan. 1st Febrorrry, A. 1431 Willlam Arthur, Robert Warren, John Loftus, W. 1465 Patrick Torger, Gerald Tewa, William Whyte, A, 1432 John Spafford, Kichard White, Wi1lia:n Harold. W. 1466 Thomas Arthur, James Creagh, John Stackpol, A. 1433 Thomas Bxmbery, John Gassy, &chard Vigoner, W. 1467 Thomas Arthur, Patrick Arthur, Richard Stretch. A. 1434 William Wailsb, W~lliamLoftus, Thomas Pox, W. Wis year belug the nineteenth ol Edward IV., Davld Ffanoing waa Aasesdor of Llmsrict k &SS. 1435 Richard Fox, John Loftus, Kobert NagLe, W. John Hussh~e,John Cromwcll, AS. 1468 William Comyn, John Stackpool, William Verdune, A. 1436 Nicholas Arthur, A.S.W. 1469 Thomas Arthur, Ed~nundKowell, Philip Midchael, A. Jolm Creagh, Daniel Arthur, A. W, 1437 Willism Yong, 1470 Henry Creagh, S. Garret Woulle, Willism White, W. 1438 Thomaa Comyn, Phillip Russell. John Axdy, A. David Crzagh, W. 1439 Walter Yong, Robert Warren, hurence Scott, A. 1471 John Arthur, Robert Waring, John Loft. John Comyn, John Stackpol, A. 1440 William A~thur, 1472 Patrick Arthur, John Waring, Thomaa Woulf$ 1441 William Arthur, Kobert Nangle, Kichard Galway, A. A. Patrick Turgcr, Robert Warren, S 1473 WilEam Comyn, John Stackpol, John Yerdon, W. 1412 Nieholas Arthur, 1474 John Arthur, John Stackpol, John Comyn. 1443 %chard Ffox, John Lofts, Rohert Nangyll, A. John Lofts, Edmond Harold, S. 1476 David Creagh, Edmond Arthur, William Cromwell, W. 1444 Nicholas Arthur. 1476 Patrick Arthur, Edward Arthur, William Cromwell, A. 1445 Richard Arthur, John Loftus, Robert Nagle. John Loft, Edmond Howell, 1477 Daniel Crevagb, Edward Atthur, William CromweU, A. 1446 Nicholas Arthur. 1478 Thomas Arthur, Edrnond Torger, 1)avid M~agh,A 1447 William LofLus, W. 1479 Thomas Arthur, John Warren, David Midchea A. 1448 William Comyn, Robed Waring, John Rede, jun. A. Patrick Cogane, Robert Nangle, A. 1480 John Arthur, John Creavagh, David Artbur, k 1449 William Arthnr, 1481 John Comyn, George Arthur, Walter Arthur, A. 1450 Thomas Arthur, John Creagh, Yavid Arthur, W. Mmond lowe ell, Robert Nangle. 1482 David Arthur, William Comyn, David Miagh, A. 1&1 Richard Arthur, 1483 John Fitz-Nicholas Arthur, John Fitz-William Comyn, William Fitz-Richard Cm~rgb. 1482 Nicholas Arthur, John Long, Patrick Torger, A. 1484 Walter Whyte, S.A.W. Maurice Stackpol, Philip Richford, S. 1453 Thomrd Burthon, Patrick Vogane, Thomas Budstone, A. This was the Brat of the Whites of Ballycondon that -me to Limeri& W. MSS. 1454 Nicholas Arthur, John Lofts, Edmd Harold, S. 1455 William Conge, Da6d Creagh, John Comyue, S. 1485 William Hardd, John Stackpol, Richard Stritch, W. 1456 Edmuna IIowell, John Verhne, William Whyte, 8. 1486 John ArtLur, William Cromwell, Myles Arthur, A. 1457 Nicl;olas Arthur, John Roch, John Verdnn, A. 1487 John Arthur, William Cromwell, My~esArthur, A, 1468 Nich. Arthur A. W. Maurice Koch, John Arthur, W. 1488 Davld Creagh, Edmond Long, Nickolas Nnngfll, A. W. 1459 William Comyn, patrick FOX, Richard Fanning, A.W. 1439 Thomm Arthur, & W. Christopher Arthur, John Whyte, W. 1460 Richard Arthur, John Arthur, William Young, S.A. 1490 Patrick Arthur, George Comyn, Pierce Rice, W. 1461 P~trickTorger, A. W. Richard Stretch, Anlenus O'Neoncn, A. 1491 David Creagh, David Roche, Christopher Arthur. 1462 Nich. Fitz-Thornas Arthnr, Philip Troy, Walter Whyte, A.W. 1492 Maurice StackpoI, William Arthur, Edmund Nangjll, A. W. 1463 Nicholas Arthur, A. S. W. Peter brtbur, John Dondon, A. 1493 Edmund Longe, Nicholas Whyte, David Verdnne. 1494 Geo. Fitz-Nichob Arthur, Richard Fox, David Xeyagh. 1495 Edrnond Longe, David Roche, Walter Harold, Thomas Stackpol. side of the suburbs is fortified by a wall md tower. The tower Was called Cogan Tower, and 1496 George Comyn, Richard Fitz-David Creagh, Thomas Stackpol, 1497 George Comyn, 1430, Richard Fitz-David Creagh, Thomas StackpoL it did not occupy a long time in building, because, in Kichard Troy, mayor, Patrick 1498 William Harrold, Copn and Phillip Rushell, bailiffs, rendered an account of the expenses of building Cogan ~icholasStretch, John Fitz-William Whyte. in 1499 David- -Roche,- Thomas Roche. John Stackool. Tower the eastern wall of the southern subnios, Hen. VL (Arthur MSS.). This tower lay A -- 1 The sent David and its VII. A violent betwopn on the east walls of the suburbs of the Irish townLb Bichard Troy being mayor '( White's city this Rlchard Serjent, orators to Eanry contention arose &SS.) and tb to the 111 1434, GeraId Earl of Eildare being Lord Deputy, a parliment was held here (22nd him his successor Phllip Stackpol, relative the succession mayoralty. k MSS. Ewd. IV.). 1500 Philip ijlackpol, John Everard, Richard Fitz-Nichola Creagb. In 1436, a trial is prohibited in Limerick by ecclesiastical authority. 1601 Christopher Arthur, Robert Stackpol, Edmond Comyn. In 1441, 20th Hen. VI., WiArthur, mayor, Robert Nangle and Richard Galway, 1502 John Creagb, Bichard Harrold, Thomas Cromwell. bailiffs, they furnisheL an account of the expenses incurred in buildiin,o the wallsof the southern - -- suburbs (Artlrur HSS.). White's ItisS. state: ""I tthi year part of the town wall near 1465 h this year it was enacted that every town in Irelmd should have a constable, and a Cromwell's Tower was built, and add that the diierent joinings in the wa& to be seen at pair of butts for shooting every holiday (Irish Stat. Edwd. IV.) Mr. Robert Cdshouse, prove that this wall waa built at several different periods? 1466 Liberty given to the cities of Limerick and Waterford to coin money (&id.). 1449 This year the Tholsel (which afterwards was converted into S ~1)was building. The 1470 Ir was enacted that every merchant who imports goods into Limerick, must import bow# fact is told inwhymein ths Dank YSS. to the value of 100 shillings (aid). Charter granted by Hemp VI. to barbers adcGmgeons, 1450 This year they. be,- to build John's Gate of Limerick, near Tower-neClonny, Thornas or- Gllild- -- - nf- - St.- Mar? Mapdalene. Limerick. Arthur beini~a~or. 1485 Yilliam ~&rold;~a~oi. ~umb&s of cettle died of mumin. This year cow hide sold 1451 The Tolsel began to be built. Sezien's Annak. for four pence, and the bushel of wheat for a shilling (Arthur's JYSS.) 1460 The following account of salaries and expenses appears in the Arthur MSS. :- 1489 In this year, the charter ot Henry VII. was granted to Limerick, on the 26th of July. S. D. l4Y2 The citizens then sent John Wodf, clerk of the court, and Richard Stretch, their 1460 To Catherine Carter, return of tolls S.. ... a z plelcders, to the King of England, and for the expenses of the journey, granted them &S sterling. Salary at the time usually given to the Mayor . 50 0 From an old MS. quoted in Arthur MSS. To Nicholas Arhur, for the custody of the castle ... 5% 1494 ~he~-ier&then engaged in the building of tbe St. Joh'e Gate, md Wm. Donnyll(7) Bailiffs ..+ ...... 40 0 this name is Daniel, or O'Donnell, an ancient family represented now by General Sir Charles There was+ public clock, to the caretaker of which used to be paid ... 5 0 b9DonneII and his relatives] appointed treasnrer of tbat gate; md the bailifi were bound topre- To the Public Assistant Clerk (hanuensis) of the Court ... 20 0 side alternately over those who watch this and Thomond Gate every night (Arthur YSS.). To the Nayor's Sergeants ...... 97 4 1495 A guild of merchants was incorporated in this city, and it was enacted in this year that To the two Porters ... .-. ... 10 8 every subject having goods to the value of f 20, mm! bave a jack, sollet, an EngIisb buw and To Thomas Hay, for market dues ...... 3 4 sheafof arrows, and every freeholder a horse also, to assist the king (Irish Stat.). This 0rpuk.t ... *.V 6 8 1691 year there were colleotions made by the mayor to plaoe the cathedtal of Sr. hbary's in repair, HISTORY OF LIMF,RICK.

3AAYORS. BAILIFFS. BAILIFF& MAYORS. 1646 Stephert Creagh, Wm. Verdnn, MyIes Stretch. 1603 Nicholas Stretch, Robert Rocbe, Nicholas Bonevyle. 1547 John Fitz-Nicholsa Arthur, Thomas Arthur, John Stackpol. l504 Nicholns Stretch, Nicholas Lawless, Nicholas Fitz-John Arthur, John Lewis 1648 Wm. Stretch. Peter Whyte, James Creagh. nr"- 1.awless- .. .. . 1549 John ~itzged.Stretch, John Harrold, Christopher Creagh. 1505 William Han& (2nd time) Nicholas Creagh, Nicholas Rochford. 1550 James Fox, James Stretch, Edward Fitz-Daniel Arthnr. 1506 William Arthur, Richnrd Whyte, Richard Sergeant. 1651 Jsmes Creagh, for one month Clement Fanningl Nicholas Hsrrold. 1507 William Creagh Nicholas Harrold, Nkholas Ryce. Mayor ; James Fox, second 1508 Ricklard Fit=-Patrick Fox, Thomas Yong, Richard Sq-t. time for two mo~lthi 1509 ~i~h~.Thos. Fitz-W. Arthur, David Comyn, Richard Boneovle. 1562 WilIiam Stretch, Roland Harold, Philip Rochford. 15 10 Nicholas Stretch, Wnlter Rice. Richarci Fanning. 1663 William Verdune, Nieholas Whyte, John Creagh 1511 Thomas Koch. Patrick Fanning, Thomas Hochefort. 1654 James Stretch, ' William Fox, Richard Fanning. 1512 Robert Harrold, David White, Ycter Comyn. 1655 John Stnckpol, David Comyn, Thomas Creagh. 1513.Robert Stackpoh James Stretch, Christopher Barcold. 1556 John Comyn, Peter Fitz-Leonard Creaglt, George Roche. 1514 ~i~l~~~d(2nd time Christopher Crenyh, Jamcs 5'itz.EdwardArthur. 1557 Clement Fanning, Richard Arthnr, John Everard. 1515 Thomas Colnyn, Willjam Long, William Arthnr. 1558 Edward Fitz-Daniel Arthur, Stephen Whyte, Dominick Creagh, 1516 Nicholaa Hi~rrold, Riclmrd Milonis (Yitz-Mi'lo) Arthur, Galfridus Stretoh. 1559 Daniel Cornvn. Dominick Fanning, Il'homas Fitz-Peter Creagh. 1517 Nicholus Harrold, James Hnrrold, Peter Walter Arthur. 1660 Peter ~tz-ie&dCreagh, Thornas E'itz-Patrick Creagh, Richard Young. 1518 Dnvid Comyn, George Stretch, Peter Fitz-William Creagh. 1561 Richard Fanning, Pntrick Rochford, David Cromwell. 1519 John Rochcfcrd, Edmond Harrold, Daniel Fitz-John Arthur. 1562 Nicholas Whyte, Nicholas Woulfe, Patrick Fox. 1520 Kaltcr Ryce, Stephen Creagh, Thomas Woulfe. 1563 Nicholas Harrold, John Comyn, John Fanning. 1521 David Comyn (2na time)," William Fanning, Andrew Harrold. 1564 George Roche, George Fanning, Thomas Harrold. 15% David Whyte, John Ryce, Thomas Arthur. 1565 Thomas Fitz-John Arthur, Patrick Creagh, William Creagh. 1623 David Roche, James Creagh, Stephen Cornyu. 1566 Roland Barrold, Roger Everard, Stephen Fanning. 15114 Christophcr Arthur, Peter Creadk, Patrick Everard. 1567 Christopher Creagh, James Creagh, John Wolf. 1525 Jarnes Harrold, Richxrd Comyn, Pntrick Evend. 1668 Dominick Fanning, Thomas Fitz-Arthar, Kichard Cromwell. white who James Arthur raMayor thls year, ntates "that a lem marle to Thomas Roche, a citizen 1569 Philip Rochford, Nich~lasPrice, Stephen Whyte u~~;~~~,On tl!e 2titi1 day of February 1.5% which i~ in my possession. was iritnesred by Jmes HarrolQ, 1570 John Fitz-Stephen Comyn, Do~niuickEverard, Daniel Eitz-Daniel Arthnr. &laydrof tile clty"-another proof of the'geno;al correctness of the Arthur roll 1571 Geo. Fitz-William Fanning, George Pitz-Daniel Arthur, George Comyn. 1526 Thomas Tong, Nicldas Fitz-Tliomaa Creagh, John Nnngyll. 1572 Bichard Stretch, Philip Comyn, Jordan Roche. 1527 Nichol~sCrcagh, John Fitz-Nicholns Artllur, Peter Pitz-Chrlstopher Arthur. 1573 Thomas Fitz-John Arthur, Thomas Stretch, Milo Fitz-Eustace Arthur. 1528 Nicholas Strz@, M'illiam Crcagh, Lconard Crcagh. l674 Thomas Harrold, George Cromwell, Nicholas Whyte. 1529 Patrick Pannmg, Nicholas Comyn, Patrick Long. 1675 Roger Everard, Stephen Fitz-Dominick Whyte, David Rochfort. l53c Stophen Creagh. William Vcrdun, Richard Stackpol. 1576 Stpn. Fitz-Dorninick Whyte, William Fitz-John Arthnr, Patrick Fanning. 1531 Edmond Harrold, John Ilarrold, Roland Arthur. 1577 Thomas FitzJohn Arthur. Wdter Fitz-Patrick Ryan, Nicholas Stretch. 153%~~~i~l Fitz.Gcorge Arthur, Gcor~c Crcagl~, Wm. White. 1678 John Woulfe, John Stretch, Peter Stretch. 1533 Thomas Yong, David Rycc, Thomas Long. 1579 Nicholas Fitz-Bw. Stretch, Thomas Stretch, Arthur Creagh. BRrtl~olomewStrctch, John Fitz-John Stretch. 1580 Jordan Fitz-Gerald Hoche, 1534 John ~it~.Ni~h~la~Arthurl Andrew Creagh, Edwnrd Fitz-Hector------Arthw. ----. 16335 Edmond Soxten, Dominick Whyte, Ocuucpherous Fitz-Christoper Arthur. John Cornyn, Jnspcr Fannlng. 1636 B~rtholomowStretch, O'Brien, descended of the O'Briens vho were Kings of Limerick, and the title of Earl of Clan- 1537 Nicholas Comyn, Williatn Yong, Patrick Kyco. James Fox, Jrtnias Roche. rickard on Ulick Bourk (rbid.). 1638 Wm. Fanning, l549 Hector Arthur was amanueusis of the court of Limerick this pear. 1639 Leonard Crcagh, Wm. Stretch, 'l'hontas Crcngh. A~thtcrJSS. David Crcngh, Jamcs Loftus. 1659 The Masse pllt down, and the communio. p~tup: w Thom. Creagh [Creagb, bailiff of 1540 Dominick Whyte, LimerickJ. Sexten$ Annals. 1521 Patrick Everard, Wdtcr ILwrold, and Dominick Comyn. Win. Stretch, Jnn~esStackpol. i666 'l he Earl of Desmond taken and sent to England. &id. 1543 George Crevagh, 1565 John Hawkins, who had come from Santa Fe, in South America, originally introduced 1543 David Whyte, Wm. Crcngh, Wm. Yong. Andrcw Ilarrold, Hector Fitdames Arthnr. potatoes into Ireland. 1544 J~mesHarrold, - 1569 Coner, Earl of Thomond, pclayd. trayter (by Thom. Creaugh), fled to France, from 1525 Dominick Whyte, l'atrick Long, Georgc Kochfort. thence he ca. to England, and was pdoed. Conor O'Brien was'third Earl of Tliomond. In his letter of submission to Queen Elizabeth, dated 2ith September, 1572, he proposed to 3511 13th 1[en V111. 1522. David Comyn second time &layor,Nlcholas, son of Thomas Willfam Arthnr, advance w~~~~~~'~~~~~~,~Andww Hwrold bail!?. A terrible ycstilencc prevrilecl dll over the city, and carrled off the Book of Common Prayer, the Sacraments, and the Communion Book". Smten's AnnaIs. M~~~~ cosy whowas sueeeeded'byBiclrohs (F. \V.) artlrur on the 4th day of September, on which day he 1670 K~lmdockspoyled by Jmcs Rtz-Morris. Ibid mane (,irlh,rr NSS.). It wns then that thc Supreme Pontiff conferred on Henry VIlI. the title 1578 KilmaUock burned by Jarnes Pitzmaurice, Earl of Desmond. of the ~~it,h,in consequence at the book be published apiost Luther, and It way then that tho 1671 Printing in Irish characters introduced by Nicholss Wdsh, Cha~iccllorof St. Pad's, ,rurh invaded the Island of Khodas (Irthlrr dfSS) Dublin.-Dublin Directory. 1573 A terrible pestilence broke out in Dublin this year. 1574 James Fitz-Morris, tha arohtrayter, wet. fro. Inshcstty beyond ye sea A great 1505---- milliam Harrold imposed sercrnl penalties or taxes on the citizens for the repairs, etc., plage in Dublin. Sexten's AnnaL. of St. hlary's Church. 1755 (18 Eliz) A swoord gra:td. and borne before ye maior. Ibid. 1529 On the 10th of June, Edmond Bntler, Archbishop of Casl~el,held a Provincial Council 1676 The Queen (EIizabeth) sent by the Viceroy, Henry S deney, a royal sword, to be at Limerick, at which were prcscnt-Nichol:~~ Comyn, Bishop oE Lismore and Waterford; borne before the magistrates for the greater ;lonour. Arthur M~S. john Qnoin, Sshop of Limurick; and Snmes CYCorrin, Bishop of Hillaloe. In this gnod power Symon Sexten was clerk of the court of Limerick this year. Ibid. was parlted to the Mayor of Limerick to commit to prison ecclesiastics for debt, without any 1576 The ruins of the King's Castle at Limerick are repaired this Fear. aid. pmhibition to t&e contrary, until their creditors were satisfied. The c1erg.y complained 1577 James Fitz-Morris landed and fortified at Smemick, and the Earl of Desmond wbelled. ,ievon*y of this aecree, as an impiety and a violation of their rights (Arthur &!SS.). The Sexten's Annals. ~SS.addS it is doubtful whcthcr tlie concession avails. 1679 ~%ea %t~.lorrisahd Theobald did slay either the other. Se~ien'tAnnals. 1630 Richard Fanning was clerk of the court, Town Clerk (1) of Limerick (Arthur MS&'). 1680 The fort at Smewick taken, nnd the no. of 600 or 709 Spank& and Italians put to 1542 Hector Arth~rwas Clerk of the Conrt of Limerick (Arthur b1SS.) [lWO]. 15~~&~,vid \Thite being Mayor of Limerick, was the tirst Blayor who carried a white wand the word Ibid. (jY&a3sasS. p. 41). This year the title of Earl of Thomond wuconferred on M~J~x HISTORY OB LI~RICP. 701 700 EISTORY.. OF LIMERICK MATORB, BAILIFFS. MAYORS. BAILIFFS. 1501 James Fitz-John Galway, Thomas Yong, Gearge Harrold. 1608 Patrick Arthur, Wm. Creagh, Geo. White. 1582 John Fitz-Bw. Stretch, Peter Fitz-Dominick Creagh, Peter Oenopherous Artl~ur. These were the last Bailiffsand the first Sheriffs of Limerick. 1583 Nicholas Comyn, Oliver Harrold, Sicholas Bourke. 1584 James Fanning, Nicholas Harrold, Patrick Midchell. SHERIFFS. 15R5 Stephen Sexten, Petrick Wodfe, Oliver Bourke. 1609 David WhyEe, William Myeagh, Dominick Creagh. 1586 Thomas Yong, Robert Whyte, James CromwelL 1610 Clement Fanning, ,Falter Whyte, .Jasper Whyte. 1587 Georgo Fanning, Stephen Roche, Edmond Comyn. l~ll avid Comyn, one month, Martin Creagh died, Walter Hyce, and Patrick Woulf. David Fitz-Geoffry Kyce, two months; Christopl~erCreagh. 1588 Jordan Roche, This DavSd Comyn and David Ryce were deposed for refusing the oath of supremacy and not going to 1589 Nicbolaa Bourke, Willinm Fits-Wm. Creagh, Thomas Stackpol. chu~ch. aud were chosen 1690 Thomas Fits-fi m. Stretch, Thomas Woulf, Nicholas Fox. Edmund Sexten, Cliristopher Creagh, Patrick Lysaght. 1591 Oliver Bourke, Edmond Fox, Richard Woulfe. 1612 Wm. Mycngh, for four months, Patrick Fitz-Henry Whyte, John Skcolan, for four months. 1692 Nicholas Fitz-Thomas Arthur John Fitz-Andrew Comyn de Parke, David Toulfe. This Mayor and both Sheriff8were deposed for not tahing the oatha, etc., and in their pl~rccswere chosen (first time), 1593 Peter Fitz-i)ominick Creagh, Bartholomew Rtz-Jaa. Stretch, Ed Fitz-Stcphen Wkyte. Christopher Creagh, who took Gco. Fltz-James Crcagh, John Lyseiaglit, conforrnablo 1694 John Fitz-Bw. Stretch, Dom. Fitz-John Arthur, Edward Stretch. the oath, but did not go to Sheriffs for cightmonths. 1695 JamesWhyte, who died in the John Fitz-John Stretch, Clernelit Fanning. church, and held the office first month, and in his place for eight months, was chosen Peter Etz-John 1613 Dominick Fitz-Peter Crengh, John FitzJohu Arthur, George Wonlfe, for three months, Crengh, This Mayor and Sheriffswere depoaed for the same eause, and in their places were chown l696 Robert Whyte, Bartholomew Stackpol, Robert Bourke, William Haly for nine months David Bourk, Thomas Powcr, nine months. 1597 Dominick Fitzjordau Roclie, Wm. Fitz-Thos. Arthur, Jas. Fitz-Stephen Whyte. 1614 Michael Waiter, for five Nicholas Fitz-Nls. Stretch, Wm. Rocb de Cahiravahalla, five 1598 James Cromwell, Philip Roche, Thomns Bourke. months, mocths. 1599 Wm. Fitz-John Stretch, Dnvid Fitz-Nicholas Whyte, Michael Waters. The Mayor and Nicholas Stretch were deposed for not going to church, and in their places wcro chosen 1GUO Galfridus (Sir Geoffrcy) Gal- Simon Fa~ing,Robert Arthur. James FitzJames Whyte, William Rochford, Peter Fitz-Peter Creagh, three months. way, afterwards made a They were likewise deposed for the same cause at the following assizes, and the1 e were chosen baronet, fined and irn- James Galway, (third time David Bourke (above), Thomas Power, two months, who nrisonedr------hv the lord oresi- dent (Scrten's-. MS$). May or), resigned the ofice, then chosen Artliur Fanning, Chris- topher Fitz-D. Arthur. 1601 Stephen Roch, Wm. Fitz-Thomas Stretch, for the first six month; Jas. 1615 Pitz- Kdward Arthur. for tlie second six months ; David Milliam Stretch, fofourtcen James Whitc Fitz-Henry, Waltcr Fitz-Richard Arthur, days, fourteen days. - - - . -.- - 1602 Philip Roch, Snmcs ~itz-~a&~s-~h~te,Wm. Myeagh. This Mayor and Sheriffs were deposed for the same canse, then chosen l603 Nicholas Bourke (2nd time), Thomas Fitz-Philip Comyn, Thos Fitz-Patrick Creagh. Simon Fanning, Georgc Sexten, Gcorge Cochford. 1604 James Galway (2id time), . David Fitz-Milo Cbmyn, Thos. Fitz-Patrick Creagh. The Yuyor also and George Sexten werc deposed for the same cause, then chosen 1605-.- Edmund-- Fox, for two months, Dominick Fitz-Peter Crengh, James Woulf. David Comyn (second time) NichoIas Fitz-Henry Whyte, Geo. Rochford. 1606 Edmund ~eaten, Clvietopher Arthur, P. Creigh. The Jla~orand N~cholasWhyte resigned ofEce, then chosen ktenSheriBof the County Limerick a second time, S. 1616 James Galway, (fourth time) James Fitz-John Stretch, George Rochfort. 1607 Nicholas Artliur, Nicholas Whyte, William Hally. The Mayor and Rochfort were deposed for refusing the oaths, then chosen Galway and Sexten Agents for Endland. S. Christopher Creagh, (con- Patrick Leyseaght, James Stretch. Sir Henry Bunkerd, President of b111nster.com~nenced a truculent pwsecutlon agnlnst the Catholics; and formed), because Eclmnnd Fox, three wrrks befnre 3llcl1aelrnasDay, refu*edto take the oath of supremacy and go to Thin Mayor for now refasing the oaths which he took In 1611 when Sheriff was bronght to the Star churcb he was deposed of his amee. 'Ihe eitizens being driven to a new electlon, chone Andrew Creagh Fitz- Chamber, ralflned 6100. and was confined ; none of these flve dyorb Or Slrer ff8, in 1615, would take the ~aqe;who was the fir4 Protestant Mayor. Arlkur dfSS., and Whtle'r MSS., p. bG Andrew Creagh was May ]for one mvnch. oaths or go to cl~urch,except Patrlck Lyeseagh, who was a Proteatant. 1616 Dominick Roche, (second John Fitz-John Stretch (conformed), Richard Lawless, 1582 A hat of maintenance grantcd and borne before the maior. hid. time Mavor). (conformd). .------~, l583 Queen Elizabeth gmnnted the Salmon Weir, the Island of Iniscattery, in the Shannon, 1617 John ~iizjdhli Strctch, George Fitz-James Creagh (conformed), Peter Harrold, with twenty-bur acrea of land, a house and castle in the island, to the Mayor and citizens of Poyeon), (conformed), Limerick for ever, and their successors, at the annual rent of fS 12s. 8d ; also ten cottages, 1618 Dominick Roch, (third time) one church in ruins, twenty acres of wood and stony ground in said island, called beechwood, He resipled in Dublin, then chosen with all the tithes, and the several customs following:-From every boat of oysters coming Peter Fitz-Peter Whyte, Edward Sexten (conformed), Dmid Roch (conformed). itno the city of Limerick, once a year 1,000 oysters; und from every lierring boat, once n year l619 Edward Sexten, (third time), Edward Sexten (conformed), I'hilip Ilonme (conformed). 600 herrings (Archdall, etc.). 'l'lie Queen also granted the cuatoma of tlie several gntea of 1620 Henry Barkley,

tbe city. - ' Who was deposed through the opposition of the Earl of Thomond. the very day of election, then chosen 1594 A hundred talemen were sent to ye north of Irlnnd, under the leadinge of David Woulf 1621 D~minickRoche (the fourth James Lawless (conformed), Robert Lawless (conformed), capte. in somer tyme. My father dyed this year. Sexten's Annals. time Mayor,) booksellers. 1600 On the 14th of November in this year, Sir Ceorge Carew, Lord President of Munster, held a sessions of jail delivery in Limerick, when eeveral of the Irish were condemned and executed (Hih. Pacatb, p. q05). - 1608 This year James I. prsntod his charter to the citizens, by which they obtained sheriffs, 1601 Siege of Klnsale andovertbrow of the Spnniards.~ and the ancient name of bailiffs abolished, and tlie mayors increased (l)--Arthur MSS. Sir J. 1601 Edm. Sexten sher. of the county of Limke. ye first tymq and then married. 1608(7 Jas.) l he plague at Limke., whereoff 300 dyed. Limke., Cork, and Galway, made Norish the Lo. President, and Sir Thom. Vic. Pdt. longe befor absented fro. church. countyes. Clonmel had first a mayor afid bayliffe wt. a swoord. l(iOL Geffrev ~slhv.Slaior. This maior fined and irnprsd. by ye Lo. Presdt. Secured ye 7 - 1613 An act was passed for the King's generaland free pardon ;also an act to re eal a former Ea% ~ichof ie south &burbs. act, which prohibited the Irish, English, and Scotch, from intermarrying-Irish ltatulkt, 11th 1602 All the cittyes and towns of Munster entered into arms, and put upp Masses in their Jas. l. churches, which continued not long. 1616 Edm. Sexton 4 time sheriff of ye county of Limka, whoe had ye corporation seised in 1601 A temble pestilence, brought over from Englnnd, scourged the province of Munster,. the Caatele chamber for a riott. S.e.zten's Annals. and euried off three hundred of the inhabitants of Limerick (Arthw MSS.) ]r][STORP OF LIMERICK. 702 .HISTORY . OF L1"MERICK. MAYORS. IBRRIFFS. HIITOR& BKRRYFFI. 1658 Wm. Yarweil, Esq., Jeremy Heywood, Christopher Keyes. 1632 John Fitz-John Stretch. Peter Harrold (confomed), Pb;Jip Ronane (conformed), 1659 Wm. Bartwell, Eeq., Robert Passy, John Crabb. 1660 Thomns Miller, Henry Pr~ce,lbbert Shutt. (Poyaon), 1623 Edward Sexten (3rd time George Fitz James Crecgh, Patrisk LawIess. 16Gl John Comyn, Jsmes Bnnting Wm. Pope. l662 Ilenry Bindon, Heury Salfield, Wm. Joint. May or), 1663 Slr Ralph Wilson, Thornas Martin, John Eurn. 1634 David F~tz-NicholnsComyn James Sextoz (conformed), Eaward Bark'ley (coniomeif). 1664 Sir Raiph Wilson, John Lence, Samuel Foron. (3rd time Mayor), - l665 1625 Rznv Barldcy (confonnedh Nicholas Fanni~g,John Meyeagh, Catholics. Sir W m. King, Henry Price, John Symmes. lGG6 Samuel Foxon, John Backner, John Arthur. 1626 Jamc~Fitz-Nicholas Bourke, James Bitz-Bw. Stnckpol, Georgo Sourke, Catholics. 1667 ltal~h York, Anthony Bartlett. (Cntho tic), W~hn, Wm. Mayor and Sheriff6went pnbllcly to Haas. 1668 Sir Eialph Wil~on, Edward Clock, John Bennett. Andrew Fitz-Andrew Creagh, Peter Fitz-Oliver IIamId. 1669 E, Werendoght, Rowland Bouton, Henry Clinton. 1627 James Wtz-Xohn Stretch, 1670 R. Gtuddendoght Frencis Whittamor, George Bookendoght. 1628 Peter Fitn Peter Creagh, Dominick Fitz-Bw. Whyte, Edward Skeolane. l671 John Bourin, chirurgeon, Daniel Rignett, John Hart. 1629 Dr. Domk.Fitz-David Whyte, Peter Stz-Andrew Crcagh, Willlam Pitz-Stephen Rwh. Vi 1630 Nicholas Fanning, Stephen Bitz-James Whyte, Robert Ilaly. 1672 Geo. bgoldsby, John Bear, John Halpiil. 1631 Andrew Fitz-Andrew Creagh, Stephen Stretch, Dominick Tyrry. John Balpln deposed; James PblIipr, SheriQ 1632 Jamea Lawiesa, James $h-Stephen WhyLe, Fr~ncisFanning. 1673 Wm. York, Robert Higgins, Bartholomew Ast. 1633 John Meyeagh, James Fitz-Ed. Pox, Peter Fitz-Peter Creagh. 1674 Wm. York, Tliomas Rose, Rohert Saith. 1534 Peter (or Pierce). Creagh John Fitz-Thomas Gourk, W11liam Fitz-Peter Creagh 1675 Edward Clarke, George Rocha Wm. Craven. F&-Andrew, 1676 &pt. Humphrey Ebtwell, Pierce Graham, Edward Waight. 1635 Thomas Bitz-Martin Arthur, Daniel Niheli, Jsmes Fitz-Water Ryce. 1677 Capt. Numphrey Wartwell, Richerd Lyllis, Wm. Clifford. 1636 Sir Domk. Fitz-Bw. Why@ Luke Stretch, Wiiliaa Leyseagl~t. Thrs Str Domlnlck was father to the Marqulb of Alhc:l!lr In Germany. 1666 A great drought this year, without great heat; the river Shannon was so low that people 1637 James Fitz-James $1 hyte, Jamea FitiJobn Crengh, Jnmes Hackott. walked dry round the city, and from Th~awnoe(new strand) now big Water Gate, to Emblin 1688 Bobert Lawless, J~iriesFitz David Whyte, h'icholau E'ltz-Ed. FOX. Gate (I suppose Creagh's Gate) about the time of St. James's fair, there were scarce any broob, 1639 Jordan Roch (the younger), David 5%~-DavidWI~yte, Williarn Fitz-Wm. Stretch. ponds, or wells runnin . Cattle were driven many miles tojwater. 500 salmon would be tsken in 1640 William Fitz-Ed. Comyn, John Fitz-Jasper Comyn, Henry Cwy. a day at the weir.- k8hile.s MSS. 1G41 Dominick Fitz-Simon Fan- Thomas Eitz-Jamcs Whyte, George Pitz-P&, Rochfoi'.. 1666 Cn September lat, his Grace James Butler, Duke of Ormonde, Lieutenant-General, ning (third time2. General-Governor and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, came to Limerick, Sir William King being 1642 Peter Fitz-Pierce Lrea,qh, Laurence Whyto, Laurence Ryce. Msyor. He was accompanied by many of the nobility: the Earl of Barrymore carried the sword 1643 Dorniniclc Fitz-Uavid Wbyfe, Tho. as Fitz-David Comyn, Jarnes Snrsfield. before bim; a drummer mounted on horseback beat the kittle drums, which was the first of the 1644 Froncis Fnnning, Jame Mahowne, Pntrick Meyeagh. kind evar seen in Limerick, He vvas lodged by and at the expense of the Mayor. It was an 1646 John Fitz-Thornas Bourk, Th0md.r- Pitz-Patriclc Gtretsh. EdmundFib-Stephen Boclc. excessive hot summer, all commodities exceeding aheap.- White's MSS. Thla Mayor was deposed b). the clergy and populnce for endeilrourhg to proclaim Orrnonds'e paacr, an6 *nn 16'66. The following inscription pas on the bridge near Villadora:-'' Thin csusswry war rod wau given to Domluiclt Fanning (second time). repaired by the Commons of Limerick, Samuel Poxon, Mayor, A.D. 1666. 164.6 Dominick Fitz-Stephen Pan- David ritz-Peter Creagh, James Fitz-Geo. Sexten, 1869 On May day, some Protestants of the Company of Grocers, would fain bring the ning, Catholic merchants under quarterage, as other trades practised, and, therefore, would form 1647 Peter (Pierce) Crengh Fitz- Rartholomew Fitz-David Ryce, Patrick Woulfe, thsmselves into a company, and began to march through the streets with their officers and Andrew, m1ouss, as ohsdid; but as they imagined that all other trades should give way to them, 1648 Sir Nichs. Fitz-David Cornyn, Fdrick Fitc-Oliver Arthur, Andrew Bourk. they attempted to take the right hand, but the were terribly banged and beaten, which ought 1649 John Fitz-Wm. Crengh, David Rochefort, Jnmes Bonefield. to deter $hem from the like for the future.- dite'a MSS. 1660 Thos. Pitz-Patrick Creagh, Martin Fitz &&drew Crengh, Nicholas Ronan. John, Lord Roberts of Trnro, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, after reviewing the troops at the 1661 Peter Fitz Pete: Creagh, Stephen Fitz-])avid Skeolar., Wm. Fitz-David Creagh. Curragb of Kildare, on the 18th of September, came to Limerick, but in no great pomp, and lay These were the last Ce!holics in ooface In Umerlck. at the bishop's for two nights.-Ibid. This was the year of lreton 8 alege, i efrired to is detail in this work. The mayoralty was raeant for four 1639 This yew the poundage fw Protestant ministers began-.Bid. yeera after that most lamentable event, and governed by the military governor ui,tll June, 1656, whrn twelva 1670The shaking fever and bloody flux greatly raged in this country, and swept away ~ngli.h aidermail \,era slertrd, who chose, for the remainder of the yedr, until Monday after Michadmas, Colonel Henry Ingolsby as flayor. numbers.-Ibid. The mayor of Limerick, Eobert Sute, was accused at the assizes of rsvishiig his maid and 1656 Colonel Henry Ingolsby, John Comyn, Peter Ash. John Comyn, Peter Ash. of other high crimes.-Ibid. 1657 Captain Kalf Wilson, 1671 Proclamation was made for the restoring all the exiled merchants to their ancient The ( hr:st an name of the Creagha me called Petrun in htln, which we trnqlate Peter throaghout In freedom and privileges, in all the corporations of the kingdom. WhtlZs US$.it Is called Pfrrce, ior whlch Pierlus qnd Pelrcins are also given in the Camb. Lal. DSc. 1672 John Boarin, the Mayor, collected all the boys of the town, and perambulated the Gravelies with them for two days. 1622 {lungre: Gate opponed and nowe built, half ye street paved WC. was shut tyme out of 1672 November 10, Tho Earl of Thomond sdmitted to Je freedom of this oitty, md ye same mynde. St. Mary Church repayrd, and orgnn put up there. The spitell bego. to be built. S. Annals. presented to him in o silver box, in Latin. Cot. Bookin British Museum from 1672 to 1680, 1627 (4 K. Chas ) Qenersll agents sent for England from the pvinces., whoe granted 1672 Salary of mnyor E100. f 120 000 subsidy to be granted by parlt., but levied for the soutdier~wt. out. pliament. Ibid. John Baptist Kouzell, of Bridges (Bruges ?), in Flanders, admitted to his freedom. 1&1 'The lower part of the sub. burnt, and ale at £3 the hopet. Ibid. Tobacco from Antigua to Richmd Pierce. Indenture of lest day of August 1609, defining boundaries of county of the citty of Lk. Charity Pyne charges half a year's lodging of Earl of Inchiqnin, when he wm a captain of r between Erl. Thomoud. Bishop Limck., and Mayor of Limck, etc. Ihid. troop d horse, in this city in 1672, according to a contract with the corporation, EL). From 1662 John Cdlen, of the Order of St. Dominick, was executed for the faith in Limerick.- Corporaiion Book in British Museum, from l672 to 1680. Vhttds dfSS. 1673 No swyne to he kept within the walls, nor dogs loaeed after ten at night. ~o~o;ation 1654 Commons'of Ireland limited this year by Cromwelh Parliament to thirty. The Book, ibid. counties of Limerick, Clare, and Kerry, one member only; city of Limerick and idl lock, 1674 Charter granted to plasterera and slaters. one each. 1676 Tobacco-makers made a fraternity, 1657 The death of Oliver Cromwell is thus noted in tLe Davis BSS.: - Corpozanbns B&, ibid. 1677 Total rent roll, E 867 10s. l*d, besides coquet, castoms, pilots Cwp. "Oliver Crommell hurried to his woe, Masons' oharter med. Felt maker't~guild created. ~or~oratiotaEok, ibib Book, ibid. Justly rewarded by e quid pro quo*. HISTORY. . OF LIIMERICK.

MATORB SEEEIFES. MAYORS. SHERI PPS. 1678 Wm. York, (third time), Thomas Long John Bond. Tock Roche, Thonaae Vmcent, Joseph Franklin. Thls Mayor died in April, Slr Willlam Ktnq (woond tlme) chosen, John Cam, Samuel IvIounsell, Wm. Gardiner. 1679 Sir Wm. King, (third time), Wm. Allen, Moses Woodroff. Lieut.-Gen. Thomaa Pierse, Philip Rawson, Wm. Jes~op. 1680 Anthcny Bartlctt, Ilichard Ingram, Thomas Meagher. John Vincent, George Rosq Hichard Chester. 1681 Fras Whitamor, innliecl er, John Craven, Nathaniel Webb. Arthur Vincent, the above's Jamea Seamor, George Sexton. 1682 Wm. Gribble, Edward Clark, Gilea Spencer. son. 1688 Wm. Gribble, Kicliard Allcn, John kord. 1729 ~dt&Parker, John Wight, Benjamin Barrington. 1684 Robert Smyth, 1)anicl Bowman, Simon White. 1730 Wm. Cam, shoemaker, Richard Seymour, Joseph Rocb, 1685 George Roche, Tliomns Breveter, Samuel Bartlett. l731 Phip Rawson, Thomas Roch, John In&~am. 1686 Georgc Roche (aecond time), John Young, Jnmes liobinson. 1732 Charles Smgth, Esq., John Bull, Mark Scaly. 1G87 Robert Hunnnn, a Catholic, Thomas Harrold, a Catholic, Peter Monsell, a Protestant. 1733 Wm. Wilson, Esq., John Shepherd, Simon Burton. None of them would be admitted, but Sir Stephen Ricc. Lord Uaron, compelled ILoche, a l'rotestmt Map, 1734 Rich& MmmeU, Esq. Peter Sargent, Arthur Roche. to admit them. 1735 Gsorge Wright, James Sargent, William Roch. 1688 Robert IInnnnn, (2nd year: Frnncis White, a Catholic, Philip Stackpole, a Cath~lio. 1736 Thomas Vincent, Henry Long, William Robinson. 'I'lios. Crcngh, a Catholic, Ricliard Harrold, a Catholic. 1731 The Lord Thw. Southwell, John Franklin, Zachary Davis 1689 'Thos. Hnrrold, a Catholic, 2738 George Sexton, 1690 John l'owcr of Drogheda, a James Artlmr, a Catholic, Nicholas Morrough a Catholic. Richard Graves, David Roche. 1739 Isaac Clampett, John Long, John Gough. Catholic, 1740 Josph.Roche, thisMayor died, Robert Cripps, John Davis: the latter died, an1 was auc- 1691 George Roche, Protestant, John Young, a Protestsr t. Jas. Robinson, a Protestant. and W- succeeded by Thos. 1692 John Craven, Zachnry Holland, Bartllolomew Lee. oeeded by George Waller. Wm. Davis, Abrahnm Bawman. Vincent (second time), 1693 Jolin Foord, 1741 John Wight, 1694 Edward Waight, Henry Cliaplnin, Charles Atkins. James Smyth, Wm. Vokes. 2742 John Robinson, John Joues, Walter Seymour. 1695 Tlionms Rose, Richarcl Seston, George Iiocke. 1743 Arthur Roche, 1G96 Simon Wliite, Joliii Vincent, Piersc l'iersy. Henry Iven, Esq., Thomas MaunseU. Tllomns Flexoti, Jolln fliggins. 1744 Henry Long, James Robinson, Thomas Brown. 1697 John Youug, apothecary? 1745 Robert Cripps, 1638 Jamcs liobinson, goldsmith, Tock Rochc, 1laad:il Hollclnd. Wm. Davis, Zachary Johnson. Rialinrd Cwvcn, Ezechi:ls Holland. 1746 Henry Ivers, Esq., Eenry Holland, Frederick Gore. 1699 Robert Twigg, 1747 John Ingram, Richard Nash, Esq., Francis Sargent. 1700 Hiclvard Pop, Waltcr Parker, Gcorge ltobinson. 1748 John Jones, Railly Colpoys, Hobcrt Williinson. George Vincent, Robert Hallam. 1701 Wm. Dnvis, 1749 David Roch, John Smyth, John Bull. 170%Gcorgo Roche, yo younger, Rcdmond Bitz-hlaurice, Isaac 010th. 1750 Captain Henry Southwell, Wm. Grimcs, Georgc Bridgeman. Andrew Shepherd, Joseph Cripps. 1703 John Vincent, 1751 Jarnes Smyth, Esq., John Weakly, John Tavernor. 1704 llicliard Lyllis, George Scutsn, James Jacques. 1752 John Shepperd, John WCall, Wm. Mcdcaff. Thomas Palmer, Joseph Barrington. 1705 Tock Koch, 1753 Peter Sargent, Sexten Bayly, Dr. John Barrett. 1706 Jolp IIiggins, Wm. Butler, Richard Chinnery. 1754 John Gough, Hcnry Exlutm, Wm. Frnnklin. George Sexton, Christopher Can: 1707 Randel Holllrnd, 1755 Stepney Rawson Stepney, Edward Villiers, Esq., Joseph Johns. 1708 Riclinrd Craven, Frunciv S:vgcnt, John Seatnor. 1756 Arthur Roch, David Davis, James Yeamanb. Andrew Welsh, Exharn Vincent. 1709 llawly Colpoys, 1757 Andrew Shepherd, Christopher Britson, Wm. Goggins. 1710 Picrse Piercy, John Mu\rny, Thomaa Cash. 1758 Sexten Baylee, John Parker, Wm. Gubbins. 1711 Edw. Waigl~t(second time), Paul Tcrry, Wm. Carr. The Ust In White's HSS. is continued down to 1814, for the moat part in the hand-writing of thc Right Rev 1712 Wm. Butler, Cllristo~llerCarr, Hobcrt Pnlmer. Dr. John Younn. 1718 Fzechias lloll~nd, Josepl~iJ1iibbs. b1iclinel Abjohn. 1759 Francis Sargent, Denjamin Barrington, Umond Vokes. Walter Widenham, Thomaa Pearse. 1714 Wm. Fmnlilin, 1760 Arthur Boche, (third time.) Thomas Vokeq Eaton Maunsel. 1716 Gcorge Scstcn, C1i;rrlcs Coply, Jolin Cnrr. 2761 George Vincent, John Monsell. Francis Sarvent.- 171G Francis Sergc:\nt, Josopll Wilson, David Bendon. The above Mayor was the best and most sctiva we had vithla the memory of the livlng, W. HSS. 1717 George Uridgcman, John Unsshcry, Wm. Ruxton. Artlinr Vincent, Richard bloore. 1762 Edward ViIliers, Esq., Eyres Evans PoweU, Esq., Thomas Vereker. 1718 Wm. Mcdc:tK, hatter, 1763 Robert Hallam, 1719 IWmrd Ihviq Josepll IIartwoll, John Graves. John Prendergast Smyth, John Vereker. fV~nNorris, 1smc Climipett. 1764 Thy. Smyth, Esq., admitted Alexander Franklin, Comsellor John 'l'onnndine. 1720 Johu Scnnlor, sadlcr, In 175.6. 1721 Georgc Iioc!~, Tholnns hl ason, Wm. 1urner. - Christophcr White, liichard Roch. 1765 George Sexton, junr., Samnel Johns, Francir Sargent. 1722 Josepli W~lson,butcher, 1766 Joseph Crippg 1793 Tock Rochc, George Wright, Wm. Parker. Counsellor Henry Wm. Bindon,* John Shepherd jun. 1767 Thomss Vereker, Eso . Wm. Smyth, Raleigh James. 1768 Dr. John ~arrett,M b., Wm. Gabbett, Richard Harte. Idayor directed to ngree with the Dcnn " for m:tking a public seat on the north side of the 1769 John Vereker, Esq., Edmond Iliorony, Thomas Ewer. guyre In ye cnthedmal of this city, for ye mnyor, nld., and burgss". Corporation Book, ibid. 1770 Exham Vincent, post master, John Creaghe, John Atkinson. 1678 Citizens complain of the oppressions suffered by billeting soldiers within the walls. 1771 Christr. CmChristopher, Bryan Mansergh, Wm. Piercy. The corporation answcrs. that butchers, bakcrs, brewers, maltsters, shoemakers, and broag- i772 ehpr %che elected, but Wm. Stamer. Fierse Piercv.- - l~iokers,are served by tlie soldiers; and this ordcwd tl~ntthe sheriffs, for the time being, do being disqualified, George comuiand and reqnire tlic constables of the sevcral wvards within the walls of this citty, to Roche (parson) his son, ad- quarter tlie said soldiers upon all the mnstcr trsdesnlen of tbe said trades, and such as make mitted in 1755. ma~ltto sell, wvlwthar they keep inns :lid sell ale or not. From Corporation Book as above. 1773 Joseph ~ohns,e.il;ersmith, Thomas Carpenter, Miles Jackson. April "nd, 1678. Articlcs betwccn Sir Georcc I'restou and Corporation as to the purchase of Lnx Weir, etc. Vi. Corporation Book, as :thorc. * Wase+leetedReeorder In the room of Baron Smyth, which ofece he held until his death, .W. 1781. Call on the freetncu, Protestnnt bishop, cler,~ymcn,etc,, etc., to lend money to the cor- pomtion. Ibid. 1749. David Roehe (Mayor) died on Monday, 22nd of Nay, 1797, aged eighty-one yeark 1678 The old slinmbles nenr Bnnl's Rridg, were this year converted into a guard house for He was father of the city, buried at St. Munchin's, Thhrsday, 25th Muy, 1797. tlle army; it coutinucd to be a win gum1 nn!il the year 1760, when the c~tyjail was built 175%. Thomas Palmer (who was sheriff this year), died in 1792. in Nary Streot. 1755. Christopher Can (who was sheriff this gear), died 24th March, 1791. 1688 The brogue makers gauted a chartcr by the Corporation, 49 701, HISTORY 9F LIMERICK.

. I MAYORS. SEEXIFF3. MdYORS. SHERIFFS. 1774 Richard Hart, Philip Smyth, Buiton Bindon. 1816 Jobn Vereker, Henry Colliq Arthnr Brereton. 1776 Wm. Gabbett, Wm. Fitzgrrald, Joscph Gabbett. 1816 John Vereker, Henry Colliu, Arthllr Licereton. 1776 Thcmns Smyth, Cliristopher Knight, Thomns Vincent. 181 7 John Vereker, Henry Ccllis, Axthur Berreton. 1777 mTa!ter Widenham, Charles Sargont, Francis Ru~sell. 1818 Joseph Gabhett, W. M. Jackson, J. MLAl. Taverner. 1778 Philip Smyih, John Gabbett, dmos Verekec. 1'779 Saton Maunsell, Hugh Gongh, John Harrisson, John M'llllater Taverner dled in ofiice, then .am chosen Wm. Taylor. 1780 F. Sargent James, Edward Parker, John Ferrar, author of the History of 1819 Joseph Chbbett, Wm. M. Jackson, Wm. Taylor. Limerick. 1820 Sir Chris.pdarrett, Knt., Wm. X. Jackson, Wm. Taylor. 1781 Thomas Carpenter, Wm. Fosbery, John Frederick Furnell. Sir Christopher Marret wss the flrzt Mayor of Llmerick who presented an address to a sorerelgn in London; md on the vfsit of King George to Dublin, he received the honour of knighthood from his 1782 George Smyth admitted in George Tomkins, Hugh Brady, ruaJcst.y at a speclal court held in Dublin Castlo. 30th Angnst, 1821. In this year, Carew Ymit Eaq , was 1176. ~ecorderE Parker Esq Town Clerk, D. F. G. Mahony, Esq., Chamberlain. Charter ~ustlces.kightHon. 1785 ~lexrtnherFranklin, John Fitzgerald, Wm. R1ursell. Lord visLount G&, -indrew Watson, Eeq., Denis F. G. Mahony, Esq., Iienry Wataon, Esq. 1784 Thomes Pearse, Wm Wallace, Michael U'ood. 1821 Thomas Ormsby, W. Taylor, Andrew James Watson. 1785 Sir Christopher Knight, Kt., Joseph Sargent, Arthur Ilmcent, 1822 1). F. G. Mahony, W. Taylor, Andrew James Watson. 1786 Wm. Pitzgerald, Esq., Wm. Piercy, M.D., Henry Rose, Attorney. 1023 Henry Watsuu, John Piercy, Henry nose. 1787 John Creagh, attorney, Robert Wallace, Samuel Hunter. 1824 I-Iezuy Watson, Wm. Hunt, Wm. Piercy. 1783 Richzrd Maansell, Esq. John Cripps, Wm. Hnnt. 1825 Henry Watnon, John Harrison, John Westrcpp. 17d9 Joseph Gabbett, hoq., Hcn~D'Esterre, Thaluae Moroney. 1826 Nicholas Mahon, A. J. Wateon, Richard Frankli, jun. 1i90 John Miachin, John Augustine Ievers, 3rgran M'Mahon. 1837 Thomas Jervis, John S. T. Piercy, Edmond Moroney, jun. Sa~dIevera died in oPBco in the month of February, 1791. and SIici~aslFurnsll, Esq., was associated as a 1828 Vere Hunt, William Gibson, John Standish, colieag~ew~th Hryan X'labon For the rest of the year. 1829 Henry Xose, William Picrcy, George Koyd. l791 Rev. Thcmas Shepherd, George Sargennt, David Dwyer. 1880 John Cripps, Andrew James Watson, Henry Mahon. 1792 Benjariiin Freud, Esq., Ralph Westrop, Henry Brady. 1831 Hon. J. P. Vereker, Edmond Moroney, jun., Ralph Westroep Brereton. 1793 Henry D'Esterre, Esq., George Davis, rhomas Edn ads. 1832 Hon. J. P. Vereker, Richurd Franklin, George Sexteu. George Davis died m office the latter me nf July, 1794, and wag eu~ceededby Phillp RnsselL 1833 John Vereker, jun., William Piercy, Samuel Moore Watson. 1794 Ifen~y DD'Eerre, hq, re- Rcbert Briscce, Joscph Cripps. l834 John J. Piercy, George Loyd, Francis Philip Russeil. elected, 1835 William Gibson, Edmond Xoroney, jun., Ralpb W. Brereton. 1795 Thomas Gabhett, Esq., Nicholae Xahon, Frederick Price. 1836 Aldermau J. Vereker, jun., Henry Mahon, Hugbes Bussell. 1796 John Aarriscn, Ey., Kobert Briscoe, Andrew Watson 1837 Edmond Moroncy, Xichard Franklin, Henry Vereker. Thls bfaycr dled in the beg,nning of Apnl, i797, and Joseph Crippa was sworn into hie ofiice the 25th of 1838 Garret Hugh Fitzgeraid, George Lloyd, James Sexten. the same month. 1889 Kichnrd FranMin, M.D. Bobert Hnnt, Thomas F. G. Sexton. 1797 Joseph Cripps, re-elected, Francis Lloyd, Richard Webb. This Mayor wm knighted by Earl Fortescue, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. 1798 Frederick Lloyd, Andrew Watson, Henry Pierce Carroll. 1840 Henry Vereker Ilnyd, Ralph Westropp Brereton, Thomas Lloyd. 1799 Frederick Lloyd, Francis Lloyd, Xichard Vlrcbb. 1841 Hon. C. S. Verekcr, Rohert Ringrose Gelston, M.D., Arthnr Vincent Watson. Hr. Webb d~edsuddenly on the night of Tuesday the 25th of March, 180% and was succeeded by Phllip Rns86ll Theso were the lest of the Hayors and Sheriffs chosen by virtue of the charter of Jamea k for the rest ci the year. 1800 Ralph Wcstropp, Philip Rwsell, Henry Collis. ReFORiil NAYORS AND SHERIFFS. 1801 Balph Westropp, reb'lected, Ed. Morony, Thomas F. QJilkinson. Under the Act 3 and 4 Vlc, c 108 (the Municipal Reform Act). there is but one Sheriff, who is appointed by 1802 Joseph Sareent. nephew to Abraham Kussell, Henry Collls. the government, and t,he llayor 1s elected on the 1st of December, and is insta!led on the 1st of January ~e'ter,~Gor in lT5.3, following, for twelve months. 1803 Arthur Vincent, Henry Pierce Carroll, Colclough Stritch. 1842 MARTIN HONAX,first Reform 1804 Robert Briscoe, Henry P. Cairoll, Colclough Stritch. Mayor. 3 H05 Wm. Fosbery, Ab. Colelough Stritch, Bryan MMahon. [Dr. Gelston continned to act as Sheriff during this year, pending tblitigation betnreen the old and re- 1806 Richard Harte. Henry P. Carroll, D. F. G. Mahony.- formed Corporations referred to in chapter liil.1 Thls Mayor wdknlghted the year following. 1823 &fartinHonan, re-elected, John Sorris Russell, first reform sheriff. 1807 Kilner Brooke Brssier, Edmond Morony, Thomas Westropp. 1:14 Pierse Shannon, Samuel Dickson. 1808 John Cripps, Edmond Morony, Thomas Westropp. Hr. Shannon died In oftlce In Jnne, 1844, W. J. Geary, &D., was Chosen for the remainder of the year.

l809 Francis Loyd, Edmond Morony, Thomas Westropp. ---- p 1810 Franfiis Loyd, Edmond Moiony, Thomas Westropp. per stone, every other article in proportion. Gold cein vanished, silver rare, paper monq 1811 William Hunt, Dedis F. G. Mahony, Henry Watson nniversd, the effect of twenty years war with France. 1812 Andrew Watson, Henry Collis, Arthur Brereton. In the summer of this year, in consequence of the scarcity of water, the walnavigxtion 1813 Thomas S. Wilkinson, Henry Collis, Arthur Brereton. was sns~ended All the flour mills near the city were obliged by the same cause to cease 1814 Edmond Morony, Henry Collis, Arthnr Brereton. workink which re~lderedbread stuffs very scarce and dear. The new theatre, George SCreet (now the church of St. Augustine), opened on the 29th July. Many failures in country banks. Limerick banks refuse to discount. From 17th to 27th of March in this year, the number of troops billeted on the citizens was 1792. Henry Vereker was killed in a duel with Nichael Furnell this year (Owely's MSS.). 157 officers, 258 non-commissioned officers, and 3,996 privates. 1814. Bow Lane was reduced to an inclined plane oieasy ascent, making a difference of 1842 Alderman John Cripps was elected Mayor hy the old Corporation on the 29th of Jnne; seventeen feet, James Sexton and Amos Vereker were elected Sheriffs, but were never sworn into office. 1814, Jnne 1, The inland navigation opened between Limerick and Killdoe> after being The Ynnicipal Reform Act having at length come into operation in Limerick, the functions of suspended since the bursting of the banks on 5th February, 1809. Vn the 31st of May, the the Old Corporation ceased, and the New and Reformed Corporation bean. The Mayors and Directors General OSInland Navigation purchased the property of this branch from the Sheriffs under the Old System were elected on the 29th of Jnne, swornointo office on the first proprietors for the suuiof 337,666 13s. 4d., two-third of the original stock; each share consisted ?donday after Michaelmas day, and continued in office until that day twelve months. nf 8250. for which the Lhrectors General uaid 6176 13s. 4d. The original stock was 100 1853. The Limerick Corporation Act, 1853 (16 and 17, Vic. c. 731, received the Royal assent shar&A 250, f25,OOO. on the 28th of June this year. There was no election of Mayor until the 1st of January Sol- Provisions at famine priccs--beef 10d. per lb.; mutton, lld.; veal, 7d. to 8d. Wheat 8s. Sd lowing. The Limerick Improvement Act (16 and 17, Vic. G l), received the Royal nseent on the 15th of August, 1863. HISTORY OF LIMERICK. 708 BISTORP OF LIMERICK. 709 * : The Menbear the following inscription:- YATOBS. SHEBIFFS. George Sexton, Esq., Mayor, David Kochs and Riohard Graves, Esqrs., Sheria. 1739. They 1846 Wm. John Geary, M.D. re- Wn Roche. had each eight lions wrought in silver, supporting a crown, on the top, before there appendage. elected, were stolen, previous to the time of the reformed corporation. 1846 E. F. G. Ryan, Henry Watson. There were four Sergeants at Mace in the old Corporation; and there are but two in the 1847 Thomzs Wallnutt, Richard RusselL Reformed Corporation. They wear a cocked hat with gold Iace, a blue cloth coat, trimmed 1848 Michael Quin Hemy MannselL with gold lace, etc. There were four constables in the old. Corporation and two town criers, 1849 John Boyse, David Ixahy Arthur. or bell men. There are two constables and two town criers in the new Corporation. They wear 1850 Laurence Quinlivan, Wm. Spaight. s blue livery with gold lace hat-bands.* 1851 Thaddeus H6Donnell, P. A. Shannon. Joseph Murphy, Esq., solicitor, is Law Agent, John Ellard, Esq., Town Clerk, and Mathew 1852 Thomas Kane, M.D. Wm. Gabbett. H. De Coureey, Esq., Treasurer of the Corporation of Limerick; William Edward Carbett, 1853 Wm. E. Hall, James Spaight. Esq., C.E., City Surveyor of Limerick. John Gleeson, Esq., is City Coroner. 1854 Henry Watson, Major George Gavin. l S55 Henry O'Shea, Francis Qrene. The present dresr, of the sergeants at mace is rather modem dating no farther back than she mayoraltJ 1856 James Spaight, Helenus White. of tbelate Henry WaWaoon, Esq.. in 1824. Previous to that period ihey wore no gold lace coats or cocked hats, 1857 Thomas Kane, M.D. (seco~3 Captain Miohael Gavin. but a blue surtout, and plain hats wlth orange and blue cockades (the colours of the cluthiers and combers the staple trades of Limerick in those days) On certain publlc occasions they wore large red cloth cloak; time), richly trimhed with gold lace, the collars oiwhich were trimmed with gold Iace also. The constables and 1858 Edmond Gabbett, Thomos Reane, M D. criers or bellmen, wore rocked hats, with the corner over the right temple. The hats of the constables were 1859 Michael Ib, Ryan, Andrew V. Watson. trimmed uith black lace and they had black ribbon cockades. those of the criers with silver lace, and black ribboncockadeh l'hs high constable carried a slung sword. and wore a black cloak and cocked hat trimmed W. Ryan restored the ancient arma of Limerick, according to the Corporate seal Of the city, oret the with black lace. The sword bearer wore a black cloak and a beamkin eap with 8 red bag hanging down fronl a11 and other public cdltlces, and had tbem eng~edon the cost bultons of the aergemts at mace snd the top. According to the Charter of Eilzabeth, the sword karcr is to carry the sword md uwthe hat baill& Mrs. Ryan p~esentedby the Corporation with a silrer cradle on the occasion of She birth of a Mxl of malnteuancr, when public duty requires. during her husband's par of oflice. l860 Wm. Fitzgerald, Edward Murphy. Mr Fitzgerald died In office October 1860. when Aldennau T. FDonnell nss elected for the remainder of th2 year. A portrait of Fitzgerald, painted by Catterson hith, Esq, and the result of a sabaaiption, is placed In the Town Hall. 1861 John T. MacSheehy, Thompson Rassell. Xr. YacSheehy was presented wlth a valuable testimonial in the &ape of a piece of plate value 1100 guineas on his retirement from o5ce. He received a public procession which was attended by the eongre- gated trades, with banners, etc., also in testimony of his exertions on behalf of the unemployed labonring classes, for whose relief a sum ef S1,200 was subscribed by the citizens during hia year m odaca 1862 Wm. Lane Joynt, Robert Hunt. 1863 Robert MacMahon, Thomas Boyse. 1864 Eugene O'Callaghan, H. C. Smyth Vereker. l865 John Rickard Tinsley, John Thomas MLSheehy. 1866 Peter Tait, Eugene O'Callaghan.

THE ARYBof the City of Limerick are, argent, a cartle, triple-towered, proper, the centre tower of a conical shape, and terminated with a cross, the portcullis of the entrance to the Castle ele.ta*.ed. CITY SEAL.-The Royal Charters, including the Charter of Elizabeth, etc., gave a seal to the Corporation, and the power of altering, breaking, or changing it. The ancient Corgoration seal is of silver, and a correct fac simile cut of it is given at the head of this chapter.* THE MAYOR'SCHAXN is of gold, with forty-three links, to which a gold ring has been attached by each Msyor, with few exceptions commencinga.~.1822. On each gold ring is en- graved the name of the Mayor on the obverse, and on the reverse, beginning with the Keforn~ Mayors, a legend rscords some memorable event which occurred during the tenure of office of the chief magistrate. The chain, in consequence, is massive, and weighs 19oz. and 7$dwts., includ- ing a gold chain of fifty-one links to which the other is hooked. Xartin Honan, Esq., the first reform mayor, attached a gold. medal to the chain, with his crest and pame, "and Nayor for the years 1842 and 1843': on the obverse; and on the reverse, the City Arms, with legend, "the Municipal Reform Act became law in Limerick, Nov. 9th, 1841". Tom CLEXIK'SAND TREILSURE~SC HAINS.-These chains were formeriy worn by the Sheriffs: they are exactly of the same make and material aa the Nayor's chain, with the excep- tion of the rhgs. THE SWORD.-The Sword granted by Queen Elizabeth to the Corporation is kept in the Council Chamber of the Town Hall and is a cut-and-thrust cutlass-like weapon, with a cross mard or mameluke" handle. The blade is 44 inches long, and was divested of its ancient &amental scabbard of crimson velvet, with silver banda, e6, before it came into the posses sion of the Reform Corporation. It is now never borne in public. TEE HAT OF MAIHTENLYCE,grante2 by Queen ELizabeth, is not in existence. THEM~cm are four in nunber, of silver, very massive and ornamented with the royal arms ; they are borne by the sergeants at mace and constables on public occasions before the Msjor..

Ferrsr gave in his tlrnt edition a cut of arms which hare no existence, and in his secoad a cut of seal, M which there ia no rewrd, ahllsr Fitzgerald equally miurepresentea the CI$7 hrma HISTOHY OF LIMERICK* HISTORY OP LIMERICK. 711 : Limerick, the Earl of Dunra~en,in the Jfemom'ab of Adare,l states that CHAPTER LXIV. there is a list extant of the names of the families that settled in Ireland, found in the on'gmaI doc~rnent".~Those in italic in the foot noteaareat s HISTO31ICAE AND DESCRIPTIVE NOTICES OF REMARK- present tenants on the Adare estates ABLE PLACES IN THE COUNTY OF LIMERICK. The Palatines settled in the county in 1708, and at Adare in 1777-8. - STATISTICS.'-T~~population in 1851 was 262,136 ; in 1861, 217,211. TOPOGRAPHY, S'I'ATXSTICS, ANTIQUITIES. The greatest length, north and south, is 35 miles; greatest breadth, east and west, 54 miles, comprising 1,061 square nmiles, or 640,842 acres, of The county of Limerick is situated between 52 and 53 deg. of north which 526,876 are arable, 120,101 uncultivated, 11,575 in plantation, Iat.. and 9 deg. west long. fro= London. It is bounded on the north by 2,759 in towns, and 28,531 under water. Clare, the estuary of the Shamon, and Tipperary ; on the east by Tip- Baronies-Owneybeg, Coonagh, C!anwilliam, Small County, Costlea, perary, on the south by Cork, and on the west by Kerry. The surface is Coshma, Pubble Brien, Upper Connelloe, Lower Connelloe, Kenry, Glen- an undulating plain, but the boundary over a great, part of the south, and quin, North Liberties of Limerick, Shanid, and liberties of Kilmallock. part of the east and west, is mountainous. The chief rivers, besides the Towns-The post towns are, Adare, Aekeaton, Ballingarry, Bruff, SElannon, wlnch fb~msits great boundary line on the north, are the Maig, Castleconnell, Croom, Glynn, Kiimallock, Limerick, Pallasgreen, Pallas- Deel, and Mulcair. The Mulcair river, flowing from the Slievephelim kenry, Rathkeale, and Shanagolden. Post Office accommodation is fur- mountains in the north-east, is greatly increased by &e Newport i-iver, ther extended to many villa yes, etc. which pours a large volume of water into the Shannon, three miles of The county is in ~imericiand Emiy dioceses, with small portions in Limerick. The Feale traces much of the bounaary with Kerry. Lakes Cishel and Killaloe. The principal towns are, Limerick, population in or ponds are not numerous, those of chief interesb and size being, Coola- 1861, 44,476; Rathkeale, 2,761 ; Newcastle, 2,445; and Askeaton, 1,636. pish, in the b~onyof Coonah, and Qur in that of Small County. The Limerick returns four members to parliament; two for the county at soil is remarkably fertile, especiuIIy in the " Corcasses" along the Shannon, large, constituency in 1859,6,481; and two for Limerick city, constituency, 2nd the Golden Vein, which extends frrorn the borders of Tipperary west- 2,013. The assizes are held in Limerick ; the county is in the Cork mili- ward, through the centre cf the county, from the sources of the Mulc.rtir tary district. The city has been lately made head quarters for a regiment, to the Maig, forming an area of a5out 160,000 acres, equally suitable for instead of a depot station; bcfore the Iast twelve years it was head quar- tillage and g~azing,but used for the latter Its soil is a rich, mellow, ters, and a military &strict. The net annual value of property under crumtjling, calcareons loam. The subsoil of the county, generally, is lime- the Tenement VaIuation Act is $519,162. stone, trap, and sandstone. The Corcasses extend fifteen miles long, from ~~r~m~rss.--Theantiquities, which will be noticed with the towns Limerick to the embrochure of the Deel, and have a soil of yellow or blue when connected with them, are very numerous, and may be generally clay, thickly covered with a rich b:ack mould. The coal, which has described as follows: been obserred io six beds, is soft adslaty, and was worked at Newcastle Round Towers-three ; at Limerick, now extinct ; at Ardpatrick, fallen and Loilghgill. Irm, copper, and lead ores occur in various parts of the a few years since; and at Carrigeen, which is still extant near Croom, county, but they have not as yet attracted the investment of capital. The and which is fifty feet high. occupations axe chiefly agricultural ; pasturage and dairy $taming are most Cromlechs at UallenacaeIlagh hill, and two others near it. cultivated, tillage less attended to. La~gequantities of produce are ex- Tumulus5 at Bruree, stone circles and other druid~calworks at Grange, ported. The baufactures are coarse woollens, Pour, meal, tanning. lace, linen, and flax, the latter having lately received an additional This tdy beautiful and admirably illustrated book, which is the joint production of tlle stimulus. A good cider is still made m various districts, pasticularly Countess Dowager of Dunraven and the Earl of Dunraven, was printed for private circulation in 1863, by Parker, Oxford, and is replete with most interestingad important matter, relative roud Adare, Rathkeale, and Croorn. to Adare, ancient and modem, the Quin farnil etc., etc. The Palatines ari: the descendants of the German Protestants brought a An account of Palatines published in the hhhngdist, in June %h, 1860. over by Lord Southwell in the beginning of the last century, and settled Baker, Barkman, Banolier, Bonner, Bethel, Bowen, Bowman, Boviniyer (now Bo6anlrer), Brothowet, CoIe, Coach, Corned, Cronderg, Dobe, Duhage, Embury, Figgle, Gmnse, Gruer, chiefly near Rathkeale; other colonies were also planted in various places Eeek, Eoffman, B@e, Heavener, Glozier (probably now Leguer), Lawrence, Loweq Ledwick, throukhout the county. Long, Miller, Mich, Modeler, Neizer, Piper, Reinheart, Rose, hdenbucher, Ruckle, Switzer, Arthur Young, Perrar, and Mrs. Hall, have given detailed descriptions Sparling, Stark, St. John, St. Ledger, Strange, Sleeper, Shoemaker, Shier, Switzer, Shoultatz, as Shunwire, Tesley (now Teskey), Tettlet, Usbenlaugh, Williarns, Young, of these German settlers, whom they describe an industrious, indepen-. . I follow Thom's Almanac in these statistics. dent sort of people. They had many curious customs; such as sleeplng Turnuli and Raths.-On this interesting subject the reader will find ample iUustrntions between two beds, getting a copy of the Bible to be buried with them, in Wakeman's Handbook of 2Gh Antiquities, and in the examples and models in the R1.A. We have only room for s few words on this subject. Cromlechs are sepulchld monu- etc.; besides ce~tainsupprstitions which are directly traceablc to Germany. ments used before the Christian eta; they are not now considered to have been in use for They used to speak German, but, like the Barony Forth people in Wex- sacrificial purposes. The tamuli, from the simple cairn to the magnificent barrow, were also ford, they have now lost their language intended for sepulchres. The bodies were buried horizontalIy or perpendicularly, or burned, In the small square stone grave or kistvaen" i3 frequently found the cincrary urn. The Connected with the establishment of the Palatines in the county of great tumnlus or mzusolenm, as at Newgrange, consists of a large cavern containing one or 712 IIISTORY OP LIMERICK. HISTORY OF LIMERICK. 713 and very early, ancient, and interesting monuments on the banks and hill raven's 'new and splendidly illustrated work, Memo~ialsof Adare, for screens of Lough Gur, and within a large circuit around it, large earthen more perfect information respecting everything about this delightful spot, works, chiefly of the military class, as at Friarstown ; circular moats, duns, we can only give the principal features of the history and antiquities, for intrenched forts, raths, etc., occur in various districts, the largest raths being which purpose we shall transcribe without alteration, the notes taken at Bruree, Kilpeacon, and Kilfinnan, and one in se-ments near Shanid Castle. during a recent visit, as well as such reference as we find in our MS. At Caher Park, Caherconlish, are the traces of an ancient city. Of religious materials to its ancient and modern history. housesnot in the city, there were thirty.five, chiefly founded by the Desmond The Augustinian Abbey is now repaired, and used as the parish family. Seven monastic establishments were on the banks of the Com- Protestant church. It is an early English building! and has been care- mope. The most interesting remains of religious houses are at Adare, fully, beautifully, and elaborately restored. In the interior there is some Askeaton, and Kilmallock, Manistcrnenagh, Kilshane Abbey, Mungret, fine stained glass The schools are in keeping with the rest of the church. Galbally Friary, Kilflin monastery, and the fine old abbey in the parish It contains on the north side, besides the nave, choir, and tower, thc of Rochestown. cloisters, in which are buried some of the servants of the Dunraven family, Ruined Castles.-Of these there are nearly one hundred, as at Shanid, whilst the family mausoleum is an object of much interest. Croom, Carrigogunnell, Castleconnell, Cappagh, etc. The Abbey of the Holy Trinity, the remains of which consist of the Old fireplaces of the Fenians (Fulacht nu Feinne), fossil remains, bones, tower, nave, and part of the choir, is used for a Catholic church. The. and horns of the great Irish deer ; bog butter or tallow; caves and islands, as Franciscan Abbey, within the demesne, is a very fine ruin; the choir at Loa& Gur. is large, and fitted with stalls and niches, and has a beautiful four-light NATURAL CURIOSITIES.-Castleconnell chalybeate spa, sulphuric spring window; the steeple is supported on an arch ; there is an aisle on the at Montpellier, parish of KilnegariE south side of the nave, which contains three crooked niches, and a three- light window. The cloisters are nearly entire, and have Gothic windows, ADARX. on most of which were escutcheons, with the English and Saltire crosses, Eleven miles by railroad from Limerick, or by post road nine miles generally- ranged-. alternately. The remains, including refectory and offices, s.s.w., upon the river Maig, stands the market and post-town of Adare, an- are roofless, but in good preservatlon. ciently Aith-daer, or the " Ford of the Oaks", celebrated for its ancient im- HISTORY.-T~~earlv historv of Adare is involved in meat obscuritv. portance, its frequent notice in history, its fine architectural ruins, and its In the reign of Henry h. it W& distinguished for its castlcand church, :n extremely beautiful scenery. The Earl of Dunraven's demesnes, upon the following century it became the roperty of the Fitz cralds. which a noble castle has been erected of late years, are indeed unsurpassed 1279. John, Earl of Kildare, Pounded and entiref y endowed the by any property in the three kingdoms for their delightful combination monastery of the Holy Trinity, now called the Black Abbey. of objects of antique interest and modern improvement. 1310. Some time before this date, the town appears to have been in- The deeply interesting ecclesiastlcnl edifices, of which the ruins of corporated. In this year a grant of murage and customs was made by three still remain in various degrees of preservation, the ancient bridge Edward 11. to the " bailiffs and good men of the town of Adare". The with its ivy-clad battlements, the old castle of the Desmonds, formerly of customs were for three years, to enable them to eurround it with a stone great strength, and so situated as to command the passes oi' the river wall. (Rot. Par. 3 and 4 Ed. II., note Grace's Annals). Maig, form a combination of peculiarly effective and rarely equalled views, 1312. John Thomas Fitzgerald knighted Nicholas Fitz-Maurice and exhibiting highly pictu~esquefeatures amidst the groves, the lawns, the Robert ClahulI at Adare (Grace's Annals). meadows, which make up the variegated landscapes that distinguish the 1315. The White Abbey founded by John, Earl of Kildare, This ie beautiful seat of the Earl of Dunraven, the lord lieutenant and custos the Augustinian Abbey. Others give the date 1JOG. rotulorum of the county and city of Limerick. Venerable yew trees, 1326. The castle, originally built by the O'Donovans, rebuilt by the wild ashes, and alders, add very much to the impressivenes of the scenery, second Earl of Kildare. while a profusion of shrubs, flowers, and other accessories of ornamental 1376. Edward 111. issued a writ prohibiting the demand of services and gardening, and the silence and seclusion of the locality, complete the customs from the " provost and commonalty" of Adare, until the town, effect produced by the antiquarian and romantic features of this most which had been burned lately by the " Irish enemy", should be rebuilt inter~stmgof Irish manors. Referring our readers to the Earl of Dun- and inhabited. 1464. The Franciscan Abbey founded by Thomas, Earl of Kildare, more sarcophagi, apd was perhaps occasionally the receptacle of treasure. Detached and adhis Countess Joan, who was buried in it. This stands within the isolated graves, popdarly known as "giant's" beds, or ' Darby end Grana's" beds, such W occur at Lough Gnr, were not nucommon. demesne. The castle was subsequently burned by Turlough O'Brien, and The ancient Irish lived after a very nomadic fashion; in the summer retiring to their in the time of Gerald, Earl of Kildare, who favoured Perkin Warbeck, 'Lbooleys",or summer habitations, with their flocks and herds; md in winter returning to their was forfeited to the crown with other possessions. It was, however, afkr- entrenched villages or forts, attended by their bards and harpers. Cashels were housee, or enclosures of houses, which latter were properly called cloghnas. The dun was a military work wards restored to him. of uncemented stones. Some of the larger raths were dwellings of chiefs or kings; a beehive-lie 1519. The Earl set out from this castle to meet the accusations of Car- cavity is found in some, probably intended for a granary. Rath ground is always very rich. dinal Wolsey. On the rebellion of Silken 'l'homas, his son, the castle and family estates were again escheated to the crown. 50 714 HISTORY OF LIMERICK. HISTORY OF LIMERICK. 715

h I 1578. Castle taken and garrisoned by the English, under Captain menta are no longer permitted. The a pearance of the whole, nevertheless, Carew, assaulted soon after by Sir John Desmond, who, however, wan seems somewhat sharp and rather fkd, and if not relieved by a consider- re ulsed, and obliged to seek protection from the Knight of Glyn, his able covering of ivy., qermitted, however, not to W ad libiturn, the effect reP ative. would not be so stnking as it is at present. T!r' ere is a great absence of 1581. Castle again besieged, and garrison put to the sword by the inscriptions in this abbey, Earls of Desmond and Kerry. Castle shortly afterwards retaken, and DESMOND'SCASTLE-S~~~~ within view on the brink of the river, confederate earls defeated with great slaughter by the English forces under its bawn wall nearly perfect. The keep had been wofully battered. A Colonel Zouch, who arrived somewhat tardily from Cork. tower just over the nver is in better preservation, and much had been 1600. Castle besieged again, garrison for many da S without food, and done to repair the numerous breaches in it. A fosse has been o ned near Jliged to cut a subterraneous pussage to the bed of deriver. the door of the keep, which shows that access must have been E'?y a draw- 1641. Castle seized by the insurgents, who however were driven out bridge. The space covered is considerable. An ancient chapel stands at by the Earl of Castlehaven. a little distance from the castle, but has no characteristic interest. In the 1657. Castle dismantled by Cromwell's orders. centre is a high gable, surmounted by a double ope for bells. In this In 1786,1793, and in the time of the Rockites, Adare was the scene of chapel several members of the Quin family were buried. many outrages. The castle of the Earl of Dunraven is a magnificent Tudor castellated In the year 1809, the friary of the Holy Trinity was given by Richard structure of cut limestone, with bay windows of stone, mullions, etc., Valentine Lord Adare. for the purpose of a parish Catholic church, and flanking towers, etc. The stone-cutting admirable, the ornaments, etc., its ancient architectural ornaments were restored. This house was founded grotesque, and of excellent pattern, all executed by local workmen, etc. in 1230, in the reign of Edward I., by John, Earl of Kildare, for the re- The situation at the river-side is beautiful, in the midst of a noble demesne, demption of Christian captives. In the rere of this building is a singular finely planted, and commanding views of abbeys and castles. The whole piece of antiquity-the country people call it a pigeon house, but it was of these buildings would well occupy the pencil for days. The schools thought by some antiquaries to be nothing less than a vestal fire house, of the Christian Brothers, the convent schools of the Sisters of Mercy, built prior to the introduction of Christianity. It is still entire, except etc., also merit a visit, and afford a further proof of the munificence of the the stone over thc door, which is wanting; it is perfectly circular, about Earl of Dunraven. fourteen feet in diameter externally, the walls nearly three feet thick ; the Gerald GrifWs beautiful verses on Adare are too well known to be quoted. inside at least consists of a species of fire stone, certainly brought from the The ancient town of Adare was situated on the eastern bank of the river shore of the sea, as many marine particles are still visible in them. The Maig, neax the castle, and the ancient parish church, which is now within top is covered with a dome, and a circular o ening, about eighteen inches the demesne, and about half-a-mile distant from the present town, which in diameter, well sccured by a ring of carveB stone work, admits the light is situated on the western bank of the river. When the interior of' the in the centre. In the Earl of Dunraven's MmzoriaEs of Adare it is de- abbey was ordered to be clwed of its tombs and heaps of skulls and bones, scribed as a dove-cot attached to the monastery. some fort years ago, a party of military had to be brought in from Lime- In the year 1811, the friary next the bridge of Adarc, the Augustinian rick, as de people around could not be induced to ad in the work of Friary, was converted by the same nobleman into a Protestant parish removal. church: it has becn roofed, and its ancient ornaments restored. This ABBEYFEALE, friary is a beautiful specimcn of Gotllic architecture; it underwent many irnprovcments and restorations in more recent years, when several stone distant thirty miles S. W. from Limerick, is a village situated in a coffins were dug up in the nave of the church. The refectory is now s wild mountain district, some years ago so inaccessible, that the ldit school-house. between it and Glin wan selected by the Rockites in 1832 as heai In the old churchyard are two ruincd churches-one the OM pakh quarters, of our camp at Abbeyfeale". The abbey, which gave clrurcl,, the other a chapel of the fourteenth ccntury. name to the place, was a Cistercian one of some celebrity, founded in A VISIT TO ADARE.--~~our arrival we entered on the grounds, crossed 1188 by Brien O'Brien, and afterwards made a cell to M~nasternena~l~. a double bridge towards the Franciscan abbey, the on1 one in the demesne, Half a mile below the village, and overlooking the Feal, are the ruins of Purt Castle, built by a branch of the Geraldines. The Feal is the scene found it remarkably well preserved; a church, han dsome steeple in the n centre, s transept, and to this last three chantries attached. In the church of Moore's beautihl song'' By the Feal's wave benighted . are several canopied niches. The plan of all appears much the same as SEATS.--Glenasrone ( chard Ellis, Esq.), etc. that of Askeaton. The convent lies at the north side of the church sur- rounding a small cloister. One side of the square contains twelve small ABINGTON, pointed amhes, the other three sides consist of a series of windows each of is a mall fair town or rather village, situated on the little river Mul- five lights, the mullions of stone, and perfect. In the centre of the cloister chair, in the barony of Owneybeg, county Limerick, and about seven is an old yew tree, but not so broad in the boughs as that of Mucross. miles east of Limerick. Its more ancient name, and that by which This place is kept in admirable repair, all the breaches in wds, windows, its history is more particularly traceable, waa Woney. It gives name to in chirnncys, etc., have becn carchilly filled up atid renewed, and inter- 716 HISTORY OF LIMERICK. HISTORY OF LIMERICK. 717 \. that parish which is rectory in the diocese of Emly, in the patronage of 1776. This parish was by act of council united to the rectory and Bishop of Cashel and Waterford. There is a church here, and a glebe vicarage of Tuough. house with twent acres of glebe land. The map of this parish, as ex- 1868. The board of First Fruits contributed f 100 towards building tant in the Down Survey, has suffered considerable mutilation. Its acreable the glebe house here. contents have, however, been ascertained at about 5,718. Dineley, in hie tour through Ireland,' visited Abbey Owney, in the reign 1189. John, Earl of Moreton, afterwards King John, granted a large of Charles XI., and speaks of it as he saw it. The rubs of the abbey district of country, comprising the lands of Abington or Woney, to at that period extended over a considerable portion of ground. They are Theobald Fitz-Waiter, Lord of Carrick, the head of the Ormonde family. now covered by a small green mound. It contained some ancient monu- This Theobald was the nephew of St. Thomas-a-Becket, in allusion to ments, of which we give the inscriptions in Latin, which we take from which kindred, and to the scrupulous bount of Henry to all such objects, Dineley ; they have been somewhat effaced since hia day, by mischievous when Viscount Baltinglass, in the time of Elizabeth, took up arms with depredators. Over the door at the entrance to a small chapel belonging the Earl of Desmond and others in defence of the Catholic religion, he to the Walshes, was an inscription with the date 1619: wrote to the Earl of Ormonde to coijperate with them, adding, '' Had not blessed Thomas of Canterbury died for the Church of Rome, thou ha&t never been Earl of Ormonde". 1205. About this time an abbey was founded here for Cistercian monks and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, by Theobald Fitz-Walter, Lord of Carrick. He filled it with monks from the abbey of Savigniae, in France, richly endowed it, and was in the following year interred here. His charter of fbundation is still extant. The Walsh monument, which is of the Doric order and of black marble, 1299. Theobald the Fifth of the family of Butler, was interred here. has the following inscription in raised Roman letters :- So early ns the reign of Edward lI., the Prior of Woney was summoned as a Lord of Parliament. 1365. By a record of this date it appears that the abbot of this house - was entitled to the advowson of the Church of the Blessed Virgin at Clarissiino Viro D. Dno Edmundo Walsh Eouite Aura Ark10W. 1382. The abbot was one of those ap ointed to collect a subsidy which De obit. clarissimi viri (apostrophe ad defunctum) p Domini Edmundi Walsh Sal Walshee Tibi Vixisti Mors Tua Nato the clergy of the diocese of Emly had voted for the service of the state. Eyuitis Aurati Te Rapuit terris ut fruerere polo 1337. The Lord Deputy came to this abbey and there received the Won sat pauperibus nec amicis mors tua namque submissions of 0'B4ulryan, Lord of the Countly, Ulick Burke, of Clan- ChronologiconHexasticon utrisq. ; ingentes diritias rapuit. rickard, etc. Patricius Kearin fabricavit. 1540. One of the articles of impeachment brought in this year against Q Iam aexcenti mills uvlis rptemgue deccmpue the Lord Deputy Grey was, that he held secret correspondence with Virgo ex quo enixa est immaculata deum g 8 .A Alteraque orta dies juli cum redditur umhris James, Earl of l)esmond, and went to visit him in his tent in his night .S E, gown, and forced the abbot of this house to give him the sum of &l0 for the inclita Walshee lausque decusque domus C.g ag 5m Mmundus Torquatus eque.3 rir muimue amnia pwposc of' insurin,rr his abhy against spoliation. At the dissolution the major at hospitio nec pietate minor. h ast abbot was found seized of this rectory, then valued at S1; also of the E rectories of Thurles, annual value S11; Enagh, in Ormond, £4; Arklow, g f4; Tullowfelim, f4, etc:, etc. 1550. The abbey was burnt by O'Carrol. 1563. This abbey with its appurtenances, and the rectories of Tullow- felim, were granted to Peter Walsh in capite at the annual rent of &57 Irish. In his hmily they continued for many years, and to one of hi .descendants a yet splendid monument remains amidst its ruins. 1G01. Some interesting particulars connected with the escape of O'Donnel from the Lord Deputy's forces, on a morning of extreme fiost, Over the inscription are the arms of the Walshes and of the Butlers; under the walls of this abbey, are detailed in the Pacata liibernia. on either side are incised figures of St. Peter and St. Bernard, and the In 164l.&heseestates were forreit to the crown. Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Mary Magdalene. 1688. Thcre are extant, and of record, maps of such lands in this parish r\s were forfeited in the civil wars of this period, and sold in 1702 by order of the commissioners. 1 Publirhed from the original MS., by Evelyn P. Shiley, Esq., M.P., in the Tramacttons of the Ktlkenny Archaological Society for January, 1866. 718 HISTORY OF LIMERICK. HISTORY OF LIMERICK. 719 h I The following is a literal translation of the inscription :- from the ruins of the abbey, is close by it on the ground. The Barry family is said to have resided at Rath, in tlie parish of Abhgton. There was a monument to the head of the powerfu sept of the Ryans: this is To that most distinpiahed man, Sir Edmond Walsh, Knight, 1 the country of the Ryans. When Dr. Thomas Arthur wrote, one of the @ On the death of that (apostrophe of the deceased) 4 O'Mulryans held a high position here. There is no trace whatever of the most distinguished man, Walsh, thou has$ lived long enough for thyself, g Ryan monument, of' which Dineley gives the following inscription :- Sir Edmond Walsh, Thy death for thy son snatched thee from earth to g Baronet, a Verse thy enjoy Heaven. Not long enough for the poor and n chronology for friends far thy death great riches took from them. g NOBILISSIIvIUS DNS. GULIELMUS RiIAN PATRIB SUX Patrick Kearin maker. v DE OWN11 NEC NON ANTIQUB RIIANORUM FAMILIZ CAPUT ET PRINCEPS SIBI UXORI ET LIBERIS SUIS HANC SEPULCHRI @ One thousand six hundred and sixteen years MOLEM ERIGX CURAVIT. after the Immaculate Virgin bore God, POSTERITATIS, HONOS MAJORUM LAUSQUE SUORULW And when the second day of July verged towards evening, ROC GULILM. OPUS STRUXERAT AItTE RIANN m The distinguished praise and glory of the house of Walsh, NOBlLl'I'ATIS HEU QUANTA TOGA BELLOQUE PROBATA Anno. Dom. &y SANCTA FIDES VIRTUS ET DECUS EXIMIUIM -g,-$ A collared knight, a mighty man in arms, MDCXXXII. Y Greater in hospitaEty, and in piety not less. HAC RIANOBUM CLAUDUNTUR MOLE SEPULCHRI *-S 2 S1 CLAUDI QUB NON SUNT MOBITURA QUEDNT OSSA TEGUNTUE HUM0 TANTEM, SED CBTERA MOnTIS NESCIA PERPETUOS SIJNT HABITURA DIES. LAUSQUE RIANBB ET GLORIA GZNTIS SEMPYR HONORATO NOMINE VIVET HONOS.

I In literal English thus :- InauInuom s!q~'parrra~ap %!!axapm p~qmo 30 zsah eql m THE MOST NOBLE CHIEF WILLTAM RYAN, OF HIS NATIVE CODITTRY OF OWNET, AS ALSO Ql?THE ANCIENT PAMILY OF THE RYANS, THE HEAD AND PXIPCE, FOR HIMSELF, HIS WIFE AND HIS CHILDLIEN,

There- was a mural monument, with ms,and date 1633, of the Barrys, THIS SEPULCHRAL MOUND CAUSED TO BE ERECTED. THE HONOUR OF HIS POSTERITY AKD PRAISE OF HIS ANCESTORS with the following inscription:- WILLLAM QYAN WITH ART HAD RAISED THIS WORK. ALAS ! HOW MUCH N 3BILITY PROVED IN PEACE AND WAR, Ano. Dsm. HOLY FAITH, VIRTUE, AND EMINENT DISTINCTIOLU, XDCXXXII. '6 Nobilis ndmodum Dulxmus Bmy ) In honorem suonlm pnrentum sui ipsuis ARE SHUT UP IN THIS SEPULCHRAL MOUND OF THE RPANS. Uxoris Joanns Bourck et filiorum IF THINGS NOT DOOMED TO DIE CAN BE SHUT UP, Suorum hoc sepulchrum fieri curnvit. THY BONES ALONE ARE COVERED BY EAXTH, THY OTHEB PARTS Antiqua Genitus Barri de Stirpe Dulmus INCAPABLE OF DEATH, Quique Appolhea doetus in art viget AEE DESTINED TO ENJOY PERPETUAL DURATION. Quique fide plenus nusquam langucntibus sgris TEE PRAISE, VIRTUE, AND GLORY OF THE SEPT OF RYAN, Defuit et patriam qualibet nuxit ope WILL LIVE FOE EVER IN HIS HONOURED NAME. B* pius extinctis monumentn yarcntibus affert QUBsibi quaeque deiw.int [sic] monumenta sub Tlie parish of Abington comprises about 32,000 statute acres, of which Tu qui cemis opus mortis memor esto futurm MC prscor [hnc via vant qui tumulatur humo". 12,920 are in the county Tipperary ; the benefice nets .S 500 per annum. SEATS.-Glenstd Castle (Sir TVilliam H. Barrington, Bart.), Ashrow (Thos. P. Evans, Esq.), Clonshavoy (Caleb Powell, Esq.), Tower Hill, In literal English: (Mrs. Lloyd, widow of the late William Lloyd, Esq.), E'arnane (Thomas Costelbe, Esq.), and Abington (Mrs. Apjohn). "The very noble Dulamus Bq There wsbs an inscription which is now almost totally defaced, on the In honour of his parentq His wife Jonnns Bonrke, and their sons, bridge of Abington; it is supposed to have referred to the building or Caused this monument to be built. repairs of it by the Walsh famlly.1 Dulamw, born of the ancient rnce of Bany, At the dissolution of the monasteries in the reign of Henry VIII., And who flourished, learned in Apollo's art; And who being full of faith, never to the languishing sick the lands belonging to the abbey were held by the crown, and in 1545 Was wanting in hi duty, and served his corntry with considerable resources, were granted by Edward VI. to Walter Powell for a number of years, and Duteously erects these monuments to his deceased parents As a memorial for himself nnd friends. Dineley states that on the ancient bridge of Athlone (quere? Abington) there was an inscrip- this work be mindful of future death, Su that they may live who are buried in this Earth". tion under the arms of Edmund Walsh, stating that Jillice Walsh erected the bridge after the death of her husband, "for devotion and charity, prayinge passengers to praye for the rest of their souls in heaven",-and that the stone was cut by Patnck Kearin, who, I believe, was An the wulptor of the monument of YyIer Mapth in the cathedral of Cnshel, of Walter This monument is now lying flat in the churchyard of Abington. Bourk at Gkmkeen Church, Borrisoleigb, snd of MauriceHnrley in Emily. The inscription on ancient figure of the Crucifixlon, sculptured in stone, taken apparently the old bridge of Athlone stated it was built by Sir Henry Sydney. Bee page 98. 7 20 HISTORY OF LIMERICK. OF .' HISTORY LIMERICK. 7.2 L subsequently were vested in Sir Edward Walsh, and were forfeited in 1641, Of five silver bells, eaid to have belonged to the monastery, long missing, and distributed amon several persons. The Stepney family acquired a three Tere found in the ruins of the tower, and carried away by the exca. considerable estate, W1 ich had been previously held by King, ancestor of vators. These bells, which tradition reports, possessed the most ravishing the Earl of Kingston. The grant of the lands of Annagh and Tough to tones, were concealed on the destruction of the monastery, but they used to the Earl of Orrery became vested, in the year 1706, in the Right Hon. bo heard ringing in the air at midnight of Christmas and Easter, giving out George Evms, father of the first Lord Carberry, whose descendants con- the most heavenly music, and so year after year they were heard on those veyed to Sir Matthew Barrington. The derivative proprietors holding nights, until on one occasion a wicked woman in the neighbourhood, wish- under fee farm titles are Lloyd of Tower hlll, Evans of Ashrow, Powell ing to conceal her child, threw it into the holy well to the west of the of Clonshavoy, Ribton of Killuragh, De Burgh of i)rumsally, and others. town, since which the bells were never heard, and the well ceased to be The entire barony of Owneybeg, m which Abington is situated, is valued frequented for religious purposes! by Griffith at about &11,000 per annum. Amongst other curious things said t;o have been found, was a transparent stone, which being put before the eyes, the most remote objects could be ARDPATRICK. seen, and with woncierfu! distinctness. As for the coast of' Clare, beyond Ardpathick is a beautiful green hill situated at the foot of the moun- the Shannon, that could be observed as close to you as the next ditch. tain which stretches away at its south-east and west. The ascent Another great curiosity was the " slug of the horn of St. Patrick's litcle is steep and toilsome, but the view from the summit is good-a fine moun- cow". This animal it was that supplied the saint with his daily milk ; and tain outline in the southern distmce, terminating. in the Galtees. Castle the cow might be seen prtinted on many a signboard. Oliver, a modern edifice, crowns a cone-like hill, in the middle of the Ballygreine, Sunville, is in the vicinity of Ardpatrick. This preserves mountain pass called the Red Chair, the ancient Barna Derg, where a the ancient name of the place as p by Colgan. DalLns near the memorable fight occurred, temp. Brian, in the tenth century, for which church door pointed to the primeva paganism of the site. The residence see the Munster Annals. The Red Chair is the dividing line of the of John Low, Esq., D.L., is situated here, which he calls Sunvale; counties of Cork and Limerick. Kilfinan lies about two miles west, and formerly the residence of the Godsall family, who also had a house at KiE Mortelstown moat nearer at one mile. "The moats in these arts", said a mallock. Iinmediately on our arrlvd at Ardpatrick we proceeded to visit the hill farmer to me, '& were all built by the Danes". Ard~atrick,W lich was for- P which, steep as it is, on the morning of our visit, from the extreme heat of merly a parish, is in the barony of Costlea, and four and a-half miles a E. of Kilmal!ock. the weather, appeared doubly so. On our way up we met many of the On the summit of the hill is an ancient church, the stunlp of a round peasantry descending on their way to Mass, and deeining this a good tower, and a holy well. The church lies east and west: at the west end is opportunity, we asked several of them to give us the Irish name of the a portion of a lesser building, evidently part of a square belfry: two sides steeple" on the hill, aad although on a former visit but one old woman of it remain, but the western wall is gone. The church measures 39 gave it to me as Cluice, our responw on the present occasion unanimously paces in length (108 feet), and is 24 feet 6 inches broad. The walls are gave it as Cluice.' built of large stones; the conglomerate prevails. There are no poly- The workmanship, i.e. stone dreesing, etc., of this tower is excellent. They constructed the wall by facing it internally and externally with cut gons in the construction. At the N.E. side is a small ruinous square building, transept-like. At the S.E.is an arched ruinous chamber. 'She stone, and filling up the space between with rubble, whilst that of' the door is round-headed in and out, but beneath this is a pointed arch evi- neighbouring church is very rude. dently an inter olation. Some dctached stones are carved with tracery ; On a fragment of an old tombstone 1: read in medieval letters the words p Vicarius Wuj. eclie". the windows mnst have been fkw, none now remain ; two-thirds of the north '' A.D. 1114, Ardpatrick burned this year, O'Donovan, Four M.,vol. ii. p wall is perfect. The well lies at a short distance to the S W. It is said to be 40 feet deep, is faced with stone, and has some steps, and withits water 999. Ceallach, or Cclsus, Archbishop of Arma h, died in Ard Padraig, cattle are said to have been cured. The n~onasteryis said to have been in Munster, A.=. 1129, ib. p. 1033. See ab~ok~an, TE~S nam, p.p. built by Saint Patrick. 300, 301. Also Annab of Uleter, at 1129. See also Four Muster8, at On delving into the stump of the round tower, after clearing away the 1602,-O'Connellan. fallen stones and rubbish that choked the upper part of the structure, the delvers came upon rt bed of earth, which extended down for some feet. That ia As-wad-time, " the cascade of the hundred fires", is a post, This, according as it was shovelled out, they examined, but it presented market, and woient borough town, sixteen miles w.s.w. fi.om Limerick, nothing particular beyond a piece of coarse amber, weighing about a quar- situate on the river Deel: over which there is a good bridge. ter of poimd, a, small ieee of mctal sconce, some fragments of mortar, and a piece of brass. W%at its use or pur ose there is no telling, but the Cioice, according to VaUancey, Colkctanea, vol. v, p. 330, signifies a stony country. The strangest things found wen a number oP oyster shel1s.l Chaldean clakk signifies the same. Cluice means clothing or vescure, also as applied to towers: mdd it figuratively mean the fas: stone vestnre of the bodies interred therein?--J. Windltt's MSS. l Another discovery of oyster shells was made amongst the similar first strntr of the enrth of the round tower of Clop%-J. Windle's MSY. 722 IIISTOIZY OF LIMERICK. IIISTORY OF LIMERICB. 123 . I The castle was a stronghold of the Earls of Desmond, of whom, in 1420, 1763. The Whiteboys assembled here in great numbers, and co'mmitted James, the seventh earl, founded the venerable Franciscan abbey, in which outrages. James, the $fteent?z earl was buried, 138 years after its foundation. 1786. They repeated their visit and atrocities. 1490. Reformed by the Observantices. 1793. Lar e body of Defenders attempted to seize the town, hut 1564. A chapter of' the Franciscans held at the abbey. repulsed by tfl e 34kh Regiment, after many being slain on both sides. 1574. Castle being attacked by Sir George Carem, was blown u by 1832. The Rockites attempted to burn the church and several privata the garrison, who withdrew. This destroyed the greater part OFthe buildings, but frustrated by the determination of the gentry and the edifice, but the remains are still considerable, viz., the great ball with its nobility. windows, and a large arched vadt beneath. It is a noble ruin. The town and neighbourhood forming the property of the Hartstonge 1648. The town, which was then walled, wes for some time defendcd family, whose monument is in the church. It now belongs to the Earl of by 200 men, sent by Lord Broghiil, but at lust surrendered. Limerick. 1648. The confederate Cathoi~cstook possession of the abbey, and The Catholic church of Brag a handsome building in the early English commenced restoring and repairing it. style, was erected in 1833, and completed by the late Very Rev. Dean Silver chalices, crosses, and coins, have been found near the abbey and Mac Namara, P.P., V.G. The altar, which is of scagliola marble, is em- castle. -bellished- with- a very beautiful painting of the Three Marys, by the late J. The Deel is tidal, and navigable for small coasters. Haverty, Esq. The parish church was a cornmandery of the Knights Templars. The The beautiful convent of the Faithful Companions of Jesus, a branch ruins of the south tran~ept(date thirteenth century), separated from the of the establiskment at Laurel Hill, owes its kistence to the.geat zeal nave by two early pointed archcs (now blocked up), remain. At the east and ability of the late Very Rev. Dean Cussen. It is a first-class educa- end rose two towers, square at the base and octangular rtbove There is an tional establishment, with about ninety boarders, and a great number of excellent Catholic parochial clinrch close by the town. exkm scholars. There is also an admirable school of the Christian The Franciscm or Rock Abbey, was a splendid cruciforrn building. Brothers at BrufT, which owes its existence also to the indefatigable The cloisters, of gray marble, which are very perfect, are enclosed on each zeal and msiduity of the learned and pious Dean, whose remains arc side by twelve pointed arches, supported by cylindrical columns. The interrcd in the Catholic church, ancl to commemorate whose estimable abbey was one of the finest in Ireland. The chapter house forms the burial services by a public monument, the parishioners have raised a large sum of ground of the ancient family of the Naishes of Ballycullen, the oldest, I money. believe, Catholic family of the county. There is an old black letter Latin SEATS.--Rockbarton(Lord Guillamore), Miltown (G. Gubbins, Esq), inscription on a monument erected by two ladies of the Brien and Browne Camas (F. Bevan, Esq.), Baggotstown House (J. Bouchier, Esq.), families to their husbands, members of the Stephenson family, in the Kilballyowen, (The O'Grady), etc. central clia el. Tuesday is market day. Population 1637. Friday is market day. Population 1430. Messrs. N. Russell and Sons have very large flour mills at Askeaton, Near Bruff is Lough Gur, the "Enchanted Lake" of the last of the in fact they are amongst the finest in the south of Ireland, and contribute Desmonds. It is, however, well worthy of a visit, for other reasons than much to the industrial prosperity of the town. those of a legendary kind. Its druidical remains, castles, a cromlcach, Askeaton was a parliamentary borough before the Union; the names of natural curiosities, and beauty, have won the admiration of every tourist the representatives of Askeaton are given in Addenda, page 743. and antiquary. One of General Vallancey's tracts refers particularly to it. The following are notes of a visit to Lough Gur:- BRUPF. My object was to see the druidic circles or temples, and the lake and castle of Lough Gur. Having hired a boy to accompany me, I walked on Brut a post snJ market town, situated on the Morning Star or Dawn from Bruff to Lough Gur, a distance of about two miles, and the sight of River, 12 miles s. B. E. of Limerick, was another of the principal towns its huge druidical reliques which I got from the road rewarded me for my of the Geraldines. In the reign of Henry 111. a castle built in the town, walk, rqnd in a moment a jump placed me inside the hedge, and within a and another near it by the De Lacys, who subsequently held under the field of the temples. Before me stood a green hill, here called the Paddock, princes of Desmond, in whose fortunes they shared. A few fragments which shut out the waters of the lake from the view; and at its feet, of the ancient caqtle remain, and not far distant, the foundation of an between it and the road, a rather small distance, now formed into two or ancient friary. North-east of the town are some traces of Templeen or three fields, is the site of the circles. The first, which lies nearest to Bruff, Templebodeen, said to have been built by the Templars in 1285. I should call the south circle. I could find no other name for it here than 1600. Pierce De Lacy, the governor, defeated by Captain Slingsby, the Lioss. It consists of my-eight stones or columns' of different forms, from Kilmbllock, with the loss of 300 men. The castle was garrisoned never touched by hammer or chisel, and of various heights. Some scarcely by the Lord President, appe~ngabove the surrounding surface, whilst others rise to seven and 1641. The insurgenb defeated by the English here, after a bloody engagement. ' Fitzgerald says sixty-five huge upright stones, but there were Iixrncrly many more. 724 HISTORY OP LIMERICK. HISTORY OF LIMERICK. 725 . . nine feet. It is fifty-six paces in diameter, or about 430 feet in circum- to be a plwe of exceeding strength, by reason that it was an island ference. The endosed space is a void. The largest stone stands at the encompassed by a deep lough, the breadth thereof being in the nearest north-east side, and is distmguished by the name of Bounach Crorlh Dubh, place a culverin shot over. On one side thereof standeth a very strong s denomination pointing to the worshlp of the Irish Jupiter, Crom, within castle, which at this time was manned with a good garrison, for there this temple. Forty paces north of this, is another Imger circle, alsa was within the island John Fitz-Thomas, with 200 men at least, who called a Lioss, which, like the former, consists of fifty-eight stones, but all showed themselves prepared to defend the place. ao sunk in the earth, that the greatest apparent height of any does not; Fitzgeraldl says, with some ignorance of the obvious evidence to exceed three feet. This temple is sixty-five ~aces,~or about 190 feet in the contrary afforded by the st le of the castle, that it is supposed to have diameter, say 580 feet in circumference. The enclosed s ace has been been built during the reign d~lizabethby Sir George Bouchier, son to tilled. Twenty three paces north-east of this last, is a smalY er circle, con- the second Earl of Bath, who, he states, built the chapel of ease called taining fifteen stones, which average about four feet high each, and from New Church on the side of this lake. The style of this chapel refutes the five to six feet thirk; it is twenty-two paces, or fifty-five feet in diameter, idea, and it was also built by Catholic founders. Carrigcolour, or Pi eon about 175 feet in circumference. The enclosure has been tilled. 150 Hock, is the topmost eminence of Knockadoon. Eagles had nests %ere paces north-east, of this again, Is a sunken +'gowlaun", about four feet high formerly, but none are now to be seen. by six broad, quite rude. 100 paces (still in the same north-east line) from Killalough, which defended Knockadoon at the south, is now in s ve the goulaun, just at the rise of the Paddock hill: is another, eleven feet ruinous state; the hill here joins the mainland by a narrow neck, on whicg high, six broad, and three thick. a causeway fifteen feet broad had been raised, defended at the hill side by The lake, or Lough Gur, lies embedded between high green hills, a fortified gate westward along the shore, and joins the tower.' Thls rendered in several places precipitous by gmy limestone rocks, which stand Fitzgerald describes as fifteen feet high and eight thick, made up of thick and frequent upon their surface. It is almost of a circular, perhaps, immense blocks of stone. These stones are the largest that can be seen more properly, an oval form, being from west to east. In the centre in any building of this kind in the country ; and within the ruins of the stands a steep hill, called Knockadoon-the hill of the cas+lesor fortresees; castle the walls are blackened with smoke, if it had been the dwelling it being defended at the east and south by two (ofwhich hereafter), around of some persons within more recent years. whose base the waters spread like a river, varying throughout but little in Knocknafrion, or Mass HiH, is near Killalough. their breadth. The whole extent seems to have been about two English On the north side of Knockadoon is a cave, twenty-two feet deep, and miles.$ The view of Garrode's Island from Knockadoon is beautiful. At about twelve feet broad, the mouth hidden by an alder tree, and over the the north side stands the hill of Knocknasilla. The house of a .Mr. Harte, cave are irregular layers of large protectin limestone rocks rising about snb-agent of Count de Salis, owner of the property, is passed nt the west twenty feet above it. There is a fine echo f ere, and the view of the lake side, and farther on is a fort or lioss, standing above the water's edge on is really beautiful. the hill slope, of about seventy-five feet in diameter, and ten feet above the Garret Fitzgerald, the rebel Earl of Desmond to Queen Elizabeth, is the surrounding level. Ascending this hill still higher, are two natural caves guardian spirit of this lake. He is held there by enchantment, which will in the rock, about which there are some notices of no interest; thence there cease when the silver shoes of his horse, whom he is seen riding over the is a view of the Black Castle at the opposite side, standing at the north- surface of the lake once every seven ears, are worn out, and he will east base of Knockadoon. A quick descent down the hill, and a walk of thence once more return to life? This iegend strongly resembles that of about a quarter of a mile, brought me su6ciently near it. It is a square, Tbn Sebastian, King of Portugal. There are no trout in the lake; it thick tower, evidently built about the period of the Roses ; its upper story, contains pike and roach in abundance. the bower, as well as the roof and parapets, axe gone, so also are the out- Not a tree or shrub occurs anywhere near the lake, except a few near works, whose she is occupied by a farmhouse and ogees, and near it the the Black Castlc adjoining the farm, and on the small tufted islet called handsome residence of Mrs. Cleary, sister of E. J. Synan, Esq., M.P. Garrod's IsIand, which is an object of deep interest, and pn which are Croftoo Croker was much mistaken in saying that it stood on an island out the ruins of a castle. The hills have a great irregularity of outline, of the reach of musketry. It stands on the isthmus which connects assuming the forms of miniature mountdin ranges. They are said to Knockadoon with the surrounding country, and was placed there, as well have been hunting grounds of the ancient Irish.' as the castle of Killalough-a little further on-for the defence of that Some years ago, near the Black Castle, Mr. Baylee, the then landIord, almost isolated spot; but neither castle could be deemed out of the reach of cut a drain for the purpose of drawing off the water of the lake, but being musketry; neither at the Bruff side is the country in the least rugged, so killed by a fall from his horse, the work was not resumed to any extent, as to render the approach of cannon a matter of difficulty. In 1600, Sir though there has been a considerable quantity of water drawn off. The George Carew, President of Munster to Queen Elizabeth, reconnoitred l History of Limerick. the place, then held by 200 men for the Earl of Desmond. He found it Hiitoty of limerick, vol. i. p. 311. Fitzgerdd's Histo y of Limerick, vol. L, p. 312. Fifty yards in diameter-Fitzgerald. 4 In the Book of Listnore (folio 196) mention is made of ancient royd hunts in the vicinity a This hill is now in the possessjon of Mrs. Spillane of Limerick. of Lough Gur, one of which M described os having taken place over the brow of the hill of Fitzgerald most inaccurately calls Knockadoon an island, but it is rm isthmur. Knookfennell. 726 HISTOBX OF LIMERICK. HISTORY OF LIMERICK. 727 . I peasanky attribute his' death to the indignation of rhe Earl of Desunond 1358. (Edward 111.) "murage for twenty years" conferred upon the on account of the attempt I provost, bailiff, and commonalty. On Bailinallycailleach Hill, in this neighbourhood, is a cromlech, called 1690. August 7, Williah 111. encamped here, as did also Ginkle in Labha-nu-Mucka, or Pig's Red, near which a stone coffin was found the following year. n some years since, with a human skeleton. The tradition here is, that a Antiauities near the town: Carrigoreely, or " O'Farrell'a Rock , built 'ant was buried beneath, and a golden sword was buried with him. At by the dourkes, and last occupied by'the OTDalys; Cmc-a-ySenenachzcslean, than half a mile south of this are two others, one of which has been or " the old Hall of the Castle", the outer wall of an old fortress apparently ; lately broken down by a farmer, who had two of the stones taken to make and the ruins of Castle Brittas, built by the Bourkes, Lords of Brittas. pillars for his gateway. On the west pinnacle of Knockfennell is one of An inscription in the chancel of Cahirconlish Church is on the tonib the stron est forts in this country, circvlar, 360 feet in circumference, wall of Theobald, son, we believe, of the first Lord Castleconuell, who was killea ten feet tbck, and must ha~eban proportionally high, from the quantity in action against Fitzmaurice, during the Desmond war. Fitzmaurice also of stone that has fallen aside. lost his life in it, being killed by Theobald; and consequently Sir Williatn General Charles Vallancey notices Lough Gur,' and attributes to the de Burgh was created Lord Castleconnell by Elizabeth. The following is Fomori or giants, the htinhabitants of the western isles, the erection of all that can be read of the inscription: these cir-gors, or circles, or temples of the sun, ofwhich he states there are Hunc tnmulum Theobnldus Bourk many in Ireland, particularly around Lough Gor, or Gur, in the county of sibi et uxori su;e ShyBrynn Limerick, on the borders of the lake, and from thence to Br&. He adds fieri fecit Bourkinna soboles carol . . . snn that if an inquirer will venture in a corroch or leaky punt to the centre of guine tincta atque Bryenorum . . . the lake, with a peasant of the neighbourhood, he will pretend to show him Hic Theobalde jaces tecum perire . . the great city and cir-gor that sunk in one night, when the water rcjse issim firms fides martia gloria pacis non totus ubis tua fama superstcs . . . above it and formed the l&e. Fossil remains of the Polar bear have been Phalanx spiritus ad superus vol. . . . found in this lake," as well as many tons of bones of skulls of dew, pigs, cows, horses, dogs, sheep, and according to some, a rhinoceroe 1 The rest of the inscription, and those parts not completed, are conceded by the vault recently erected by the Wilson family. BRUREE. SEATS.--Cahirconlish House (Charles Monk Wilson, Esq.). The old mansion house was one of the old castlcs abovementioned, which suddenly 'split from top to bottoni, leaving one half standing. This villa~ewwlrs distinguished from a very early period for the half- yearly mectmg of the Irish Bards, which, according to O'Halloran, was CASTLECONNELL. n continued until the year 1746. The name means " the country of the kings . Castleconn611 (anc. Camig-Conuil), a posttown, six miles N. R. It possesses remains of a strong triple" fortress, i e., three strong by N. of Limerick, happily described by Inglis as a little village castles of the De Lacys, enclosed by a rampart mall more than 120 yards of neat, clean country houses, situated close to the Shannon, and backed round. There is also, close to the church, a castellated building, erected and flanked by noble demesnes and fine spreading woodsn. Just below by the Knights Templam in the tselfth centnry. There ark also some the village commence the rapids of the Shannon, which is 40 feet deep, remains of the small church of Cooleen, or Templecoleman, now called and 300 yards wide above them, pouring an immense volume of water Howardstown, built by the same knights in 1287. through and above a coogregation of huge rocks, which extend nearly half SEATS.--Bruree House (Captain Jonathan R. W. Shelton), Steyle Park a mile. These are the falls of Doonas. N. P. Willis says the Shannon (Neil Mac I)onnell, Esq., J.P.), etc. here, for a considerable distance, resembles the rapids of the St. Lawrence. Bruree Mills are the roperty of Michael Ryan, Esq., J.P., and are Castleconnell is "surrounded by every kind of beauty, fine mansions, among the flourishing an B extensive mills of the county. green lawns, and lofty towers", and lnglia truly says that none of the Welsh waterfalls, nor the Griesbach in Switzerland, can compare with CAHIBCONLISII. these famous falls. The pastle stands on the summit of an isolated rock close by the town, Cahiiconlish, a post-town, formerly incorporated, seven miles E.S.E. and within a short distance of the river Shannon, and was built by from Limerick, formerly a walled town contain-ing four castles, and an Conal, a native chieftain; afterwards a seat of the O'Briens, Kings of extensive and celebrated colle e, of which even the site only is now Thomond, and in which a grandson of Brien Boru is said to have been n known from the name of the 'L 8ouege Field . treacherously murdered by the reigning rince. 1199. King John granted five knigKt's fees to William de Burgh, Vallancey's Traot on the Ancient Stone Amphitheatre found in the county of Kerry, etc., including this parish, with a condition that he should erect a castle thereon. eto, p. 46. Here and in the adjacent districts the English first obtained a footing 3 Carte's paper on fosail remains of the Polar bear, read before the Geological Society of Win, A.D. 1861. in Limerick. 728 HISTORY OF LIMERICK. HISTORY OF LIMERICK. 729 . . 1578. Elizabeth condoles with William de Burgh for the loss of his was rebuilt by the Earl of Kildare, who made it hip principal seat, taking son, slain in a skirmish with the Earl of Desmond, and in the same year from it the war cry of Crom-a Boo". Several times attacked by the created him Baron of Castleconnell, and gave him a yearly pension of English in the reign of Elizabeth. The Geraldines were three times 100 marks. In 1691, this title became extinct. Rickard of Dromkeene, be~iegedin the castle. The last time in 1600, when the celebrated Pierce M.P., for Naas, died without issue in I762 ; bequeathed his estates to Chief Lacy, the constable, was attacked by Lord President Carew, and compelled Baron Walter Hussey, who took the name of De Burgh. to fly in the night. The castle surrendered next day. In the war of 1641. Lord Castleconnell forfeited his estate and title, which, however, Dcsmond with Elizabeth was held by the De Lacys in Earl's interest, were restored on the accession of James 11. but Carew in 1600 ousted them on his way to the seige of Glen. It then 1651. Garrisoned by Ireton. Its subsequent history is related else- vested in the Crowa. Charles 11. granted it to his natural son, the where in the course of this work. The castle was blown up by order of Duke of Richmond, who resided here some time, and then sold it to the De Ginkle. Crokers. Castleconnell Spa. The watcrs resemble those of Spa in Germany, and 1610. Castle and manor of Croom restored by King James to are considered efficacious in scorbutic affections, liver complaint, jaundice, the Pitzgeralds. and worms. They are a strong chalybeate, having a mixture of earth and 1641. Forfeited by them for joining the insurrection. marine salt, and have been favourably noticed by Rutty.' Sir Richard 1678. Granted by Charles 11. to the Duke of Richmond, who resided Donnellan De Burgo, Bart., Major of the County of Limerick Royal in the castle several years. Regiment of Militia, is the owner of Castleconnell. A very elegant 1691. Garrisoned by James II., but on the approach of William, the Catholic church, built by Mr. Launcelot Ryan, of Newport (TIP.), from garrison fled to Limerick. designs by W. E. Corbett, Esq., C.E., Limerick, was opened and dedicated The castle was rebuilt by John Croker, Esq. to public worship in Castleconnell, through the exertions of the Rev The castle was lately in the possession of Colonel Dickson, Esq., ex- Patrick Hennessy, parish priest This church contains a fine memorial MP, who sold it tc Colonel Russell, brother of F. W. Russell, Esq., M.P. window of stained glass to the late Jvhn White, Esq , J.P., of Belmont, The very extensive flour mills of Sir David V. Roche, Bar;., and Henry and a beautiful altar presented by Helenus White, Esq., J.P., in 1865. Lyons, Esq., give considerable employment. There are several handsome SEATS -Island House (Sir Richard Donnellan De Burgo, Bart., D.L.), residences in the neighbourhood, including Carass Court, Islandmore, Woodlands (Captain Rich), Hermitage (Lord Massy), Stradbally Cottage Croom House, etc., etc. (John Stephen Dwyer, Esq., J.P.), Prospect (Eyre Lloyd, Esq.), Castle View (Thomas Spunner White, Esq.), Belmont (George Sampson, Esq., A VISIT TO CROOM AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOIL J.P.), Shannon View (Heienus. White, Esq., J P.), World's End Cottage Two miles from Croom is Manister an Aonach, the Abbey of the fair, (Thomas Grove Grady, Esq), Lacka House (Edward G. Bell, Esq), or place of Meeting7'. We rode in view of Tory hill, a conical mount The Grange (Edw~rdGonne Bell, Esq., R.M.), Rock Lodge (Major with a gentle slope to the norkh, and a steep and stony front Thomas Gillie), Upper Coolbawn House (Captain Spencer Vansitart), to the south. At its base are some comfortablehouses and clumps of trees, Lower Coolbawn House (William Corbett, Esq , whose collection of the as also a small lake of great depth, which I did not see. In the reign of rarest foreign and Irish birds, and of falcons, is said to be the largest in Elizabeth, the Earls of Kerry and Desmond encamped on this hill, cer- Ireland). All these seats are on the Limerick side of the Shannon. The tainly a strong and well chosen site for such a purpose, and beheld the seats at the Clare side of the river are-Landscape (Standish Thomas battle and defeat of their hopes, fought on the plain beneath, adjoining the O'Grady, Esq), Doonass House (Sir Hugh Dillon Massy, D.L., Bart.), abbey, by Sir James FitzGerald, Desmond's brother, and Malby, the com- Summer Hill (Berkley Vincent, Esq.), Water Park (John N. Phelps, mander of Elizabeth's forces, when two thousand of the Irish were defeated Esq.), Rose Hill (James O'Grady, Esq.), Erinagh House (the residence of and two hundred and sixty of them slain, amongst whom was the famous the late Admiral O'Grady), Erinagh (Thomas Smith O'Grady, Esq.). Dr. Allen, the IZoinan Leeate. This was called Tory Hill, from the number of freebooters and haters of CROOM. English power who within the two last centuries frequented its sheltered Croom, a market and post-tom, distant from Limerick nine miles, sides. 8.w. on the Cork and Limerick direct railway, beautifully situated on the The abbey was founded by O'Brien, King of Limerick, in 1148 and eastern bank of the Maigue, over which is a handsome bridge of six arches. filled with a colony of Ulster monks, of the Cistercian order, from the abbey A place of importance and high antiquit . The castle was built by of Mellefont, in Louth. At the dmolution it was found possessed of five Dermot O'Donovan in the reign of King Jo1 n, to protect the ford and the plowlands, together with tithes, oblations, a mill weir and watercourse roperty newly wrested by O'Donovan from the MLEneirys,and said to on the river. Lebeen se-d to him by &g John, when Earl of Moreton. The Holy Cross, a daughter of this house, far excels it in beauty, SO do the O'Donovans having been driven out, and having fled to Cork, the castle abbeys of Adare and IGhallock, though it hlls been so highly lauded by Fitzgerald and others. The abbey is situate in an open, almost level I See Rutty's Historbyof Irish Spas. country, on the banks of the Commogue, neither tree nor shrub about it. 52 7 30 HISTORY OF LI%XERICK, HISTORY OF LIMERICK. 73L

h. Some few of ib features are worth being looked at, but, on the whole, it mill own fancy. These pillars formed portions of arches in these walls, which not stand comparison with some, I may say the majority of our Munster had been filled up before the destruction of the building in some of its abbe S. The abbey of Manister consisted of church and convent: the latter many alterations. The altar was lighted by a lofty window of three sharp stan&i at the south side of the church, and is so ruinous, consishog of lancet lights occupying nearly the entire height, and neatly finished with detached rqged fragments, that it defies description. The cloister, stone mouldings Its style refers it to the thirteenth century. which was large, is scarcely distinguishable. There is no trace of a stone Tory hill in this neighbourhood was anciently called Cnoc Droma Asal. arcade, and I believe there never had been any. The front, or north wall Book of Rights, 92. of the church, faces the river Comogue. The church consists of nave and FOYNES, choir. If there was a transept, it totally disappeared A blank wall of great height divides the two portions of the church, and admits of commu- a hamlet beautifully situated on the Shannon, and important as the nication only by a low pointed doorway six &et high by five broad. The proposed station for the American mail packets. Good coal plants and two portions thus divided belong to very different architectural eras, the shells have been found in the coal shales near F'oynes. Near Foynes is nave containing Saxon or Norman features, the choir being en&ely Knockpatrick, traditionally said to have been visited by Saint Patrick, on pointed. The nave thus is the more ancient, and doubtless the portion the top of which is an ancient church and cemetery, and certain stones on built by the king of Limerick. The part of the nave adjoinislg the choir which, tradition states, the Apostle of Ireland knelt in prayer. From contains at either side two lofty pointed arches of plain (F'itzgerald says Popes there is railway communication with Limerick, and steam boat beautiful) masonry: those at $he south side open into the Geld: whether communication with Kilrush. The first steamer that has left the Shannon there was any building there into which they opened, is only probable, for direct by Foynes for America, was Mr. Tait's blockade runner, the its traces are quite gone. The arches at the south side open inta a low side Evelyn, with clothing made up at his factory in Limerick for the late aisle, runnin parallel with the south wall ,of the nave : these arches are Confederate army of America. of a similar pf ain and massive character. The west wall contains the prin- SEATS-Mount Trenchard (Lord Mounteagle). ci a1 ancient feature, viz., the remains of a low semicircular doorway of p ?ain workmanship, formed of blocks of red grit. The chevron, zig-zag, GLIN, etc., and all the other characteristic ornaments of the Hiberno-Romanesque a butter and grain market and post-town, twenty-six miles W. by S. of style, are absent. Over this door are two round-headed windows Limerick, charmingly situated close by the Shannon, of whose salmon faced with the same red stone, worked in a large cylindrical moulding, fisheries it was the great depot. which runs along the edges of the jambs and arches. Above these is a Near the town is the castle, the seat of the Knight of Glin, whose string course of the same form and stone, accompanying the outline of the family has in uninterrupted succession held it for between 600 and 700 window heads at about one foot distance. High up in the south wall are years. The present knight is the twentieth in succession. The manor, two plain round-headed windows, and near them on the outside at the S.W. which was forfeited for some time in the reign of Henry VIII. and Queen angle of' the nave,.part of the wall or steeple of the old belfry remains, Elizabeth, was restored in 1603. rather an unusual situation for this structure, but as the whole church seems The old castle of Glin, still extant, was celebrated for its siege by Sir to have consuted of parts built and added Idng dter the original church George Carew in 1600, during Desmond's rebellion. During this siege, was founded, the want of unity of purpose and this choice of situation are after a desperate fight, the Knight of Glin and his gallant band were easily accounted for. The tower, which was a noble square structure of either killed or drowned. We have alluded to this siege before. great height, fell about sixty years ago. The choir is accessible only from The ruins of the castle are very extensive; two of the towers are extant, the nave by a side door in the south wall, of small dimensions, which as are the tower and banqueting hall, near the church. Many parts of opened into the body of the convent. The altar or chancel end is covered its extensive range of vaults are also perfect. In the castle demesne is a over by a broad and pointed arch, thirty feet broad, which for about six- chalybeate spring. teen feet covers this portion of the church : it springs from either wall of the PRINCIPAL sEbT.-The Castle (Knight of Glin).' choir, and attains a good elevation at the base of the soffits; a stone frieze Saturday is market day. Population 1,243. runs along it9 whole course, and the outer part is sustained by tall pikas- ters, or an-, rounded at the angles, with laboured bases and capitals, de- KILFINANE, corated with leaves of a graceful pattern, the whole remarkably well within two miles of Ardpatrick, a neat and thriving town. The locality wron6ht in a light brown coloured grit. The walls containing the choir is famed for its large rat&, 130 feet high, 50 feet in diameter at the to its junction with the nave, contained one or two considerable windows, and in the centre of each wall, opposite each other, and partly hidden by be, and 20 feet at the summit, encircled by seven earthen ramparts, the masmry Bf the walls, is a round column of same stone as that in the ' John of Callan, ancestor of the Fitzgeralds of Mnnster, who was slain at Cdm by the anb. The capitals are beautiful specimens of the skill and taste of the Mac Carthys, with his thud son, Manrice, the first Knight of Kerry, had three other song, sculptors, consisting of leaves and flowers of different patterns, although Gibbon, ancestor of the White Knight; John, ancestor of the Knight of Glm or the Valley; and undoubtedly not copied from nature, the designs belonging to the artist's Thomas, ancestor of various families d the Fitzgeralds in Limenobp The Earls oP"Deam6nd( as Princes Palatine, created barons and conferred knighthood. 732 HISTORY OS LIMERICK. RlSTORY OF LIMERICK. 733 . I about 20 feet apart, gradually diminishing in height from the ,inner to rain, non vi sed save cadendo. This is called the Braon Shinsiar", or the outer moat, which is l0 feet high, and 2,000 feet in circumference".' hereditary dro and is rerarded as a mark of the divine displeasure for the SEATS-Castle Oher (Captain Charles Frederick Gascoyrx, D.L.). cruelty of the khite Knight to his Catholic countrymen. In the cloister Tuesday is market day. Population 1,274. is dung another broken tombstone of three brothers of the Burgate family, martyrs of loyalty, slain in the war of 1841. The conventual buildings KILIALLOCK, which lie at the north side of the cloister, consist of the usual compart- an ancient corporate and ost-town, fifteen miles and three-quarters ments of such buildings, such as a great kitchen, refectory, dormitories, south from Limerick, style S from its fine ruins the " Bsalbcc" of Ire- schools, prior's and professors' apartments. land, anciently Killocia and Kilm~clrcallog, derived its name from an In an mquisition taken in twenty-ninth Elizabeth, the abbey is valued abbey founded for Canons Regular by St. Mochcallog, or St. Molach, at the annual sum of 6s. 8d., and is called by the name of Flacispaghe, a in the beginning of the seventh century. It is situated on the left designation not very intelligible. bank of the little river Commogue, in the old territory of Hy Cairtre and In 1028 Caithnia Ua Tighernain, Lector of Cill Dachellock, died. Abhdha, and present barony of Coshma. The early tril~eoccupants of 1050. Conaill Airchinneach or Warden of Cill Mochsllag and its lector this district were the O'Donovans, until the twelfth century, when the previously died. O'Briens and other clans expelled them, and they settled in Corca Eaigllde, It is asserted that Killmallock was a walled town before the Anglo- giving the nanlc of their vacated territory to the Carberies in the south- Norman invasion. west of'the county Cork. A corporate town by presentation or charter, its 1291. A Dominican monastcry founded east of the town, by Gilbert, privileges ss a borough being recited by a charter by Edwnrd IIT. It was son of John of Callan, Lord of Offaly, by others said by Geraldine, Lord surrounded by a stone wall of great strength, a great part of which remains, of Desmond. fortified with mounds of earth, and having four gateway towers of a lofty 1340. General chapter of the order held here. Granted to the corpora- character, called respectively, St. John's Gate, Water Gate, Ivy Gate, and tion at the dissolution. Blossoms Gate, of which the last only is now remaining. Inhabited at a 1412. Nadleis and the son of the Earl of Kildare fell by each other's very early period by several of the chief nobility and gentry. Elizabeth hands at Kilmallock. granted a charter to Kilmallock for its resistance to "the arch-traitor 1482. Again incorporated by Edward IV., and royal mint established Garret Fitz Gerald, Earl of Desmond". It returned a member of parlia- there. ment until the Union. 1568. Principal military station of the English during the wars in the The church of SS. Peter and Paul, which is within the town walls, is reign of Elizabeth. Taken by surprise this year by James Fitz-Maurice, the older of the two ecclesiastical ruins. It ccnsists of' a cl oir, nave, who put all the principal inhabitants to death, and burned the town, to south transept, and circular belfry, or rather a round tower. The choir revent its occupation by the Lord Deputy, who was marching against is used as the parish church. The nave is subdivided by a range of four %imfrom Hutterant. Gerald, Earl of Desmond, taken prisoner. pointed arches, which spring from square columns of plain mason work. 1572. Sir J. Perrot, President of Munster, compelled James Fitz- The transept and the nave contain several sculptured monuments to mem- Maurice to surrender, and received his submission kneeling in the parish bers of the Fitzgerald, Verdon, Blakeney. and Haly families. The church, with the point of the president's sword at his breast, to show that circular belfry, or round tower, has been perforated by several pointed he had his life at the Queen's hands. windows. 1579. Sir W. Drury, coining here with 900 men to oppose Sir John of The Dominican Abbey, situated on the Commogue outside the town, is Desmond, with his Spanish and Irish forces, summons the nobility of said to have been founded in 1231 by Gilbert, second son of John of Munster to repair to his standard, but dies soon after his defeat at Gort- Callan, Lord Offaly. The architecture of the whole structure is de- na-Tobrid. scribed by the late Sir Richard Hoare, '' as surpassing in decoration and 1582. The events of this period are related in the previous history. good sculpture any he had seen in Ireland". The form of' the pile is Part of the garrison attacked Gerald, the sixteenth Earl of Desmond, and cruciform, with a tall steeple rising from the intersection of nave and nearly captured him. transept. The east window is very elegant. In the centre of the choir 1584. The town receives a new charter from Queen Elizabeth, with is a fragment of the tomb of the White Knight, which was broken bv various privileges. some treasure seekers from Limerick, soldiers we have heard, then stationed 1590. Tom besieged by James Fitzgerald (the self-styled Earl), who in that garrison. We have already referred to the ecclesiastical antiquities waqrepulsed by Norris and Ormonde. of this ancient manor of the Bishops of Limerick. 1600. James, son of the late earl, sent over by the English to destroy On the floor lies a broken slab, the covering of the tomb of the White the popularity of the usurping earl. The circumstances attending this Knights of the clan Gibbon. There IS shown a small hollow in this event have been already related. tomb, which is pretended to have been formed by a continual drop of 1642. The Irish army, under Lord Mountgarret, took possession of the town, which was unsuccessfully besieged next year by Inchiquin. 1645. Lord Castlehaven, commander-in-chief of the Irish army, deposits 7 34 HISTORY OF LIMERICK. HISTORY OF LIMERICK. 7 35 . . all his arms and stores in the town, which soon after fell into the hands of plain chimney. The interior had been arched, but the arch has fallen. the Parliamentarians. l'he fortifications were soon after dismantled by The stone steps up the staircase have been taken away. The period of Oliver Cromwell; they were subsequently restored by the corporation. this structure was aboct the fourteenth century. At a short distance to 1648. The Rev. Father Gerald Fit!gerald, and David Fox, lay-brother, thc south-west are the ruins of an old church, with a small burial ground. were killed for the faith in the Domimean convent here. The building was a small oblong, 44 feet 9 inches long, by 22 feet 1673. A coin or token was struck here bearing the legend of Mathew broad. The eastern wall has fallen. The walls show different periods, Meade, merchant, of Kilmallock. the more ancient exhibit large blocks without courses, the latter por- 1690. The Duke of Berwick withdrew his forces, having marched tion work of the fourteenth or fifteenth centurv. The door was at the through Kilmallock, for the succour of Kinsale and Cork, then beseiged north side, but the wall where it had been pres

By the ordnance sheet the ruins of Athneasy church, as also Athneasy bar-dsome Catholic church, (as there is in every other town in the countyll) fort (not moat), are placed at a short distance to the west, and about one which the Very Rev. Dean O'Brien, D.D., P.P., V.G., has resolved to mile west of that, a fort of extraordinary size, having three rings, and extend and beautitj.. It has also a convent and schools of the Sisters of near it a diminutive moat, are placed on the lands of Ballin Scanla. Mercy. and schools, to wl.:ch the Earl of Devon is a liberal contributor, From Aghadoon to Knockany, a flat, rich tract of' Imd. Knockany pesided over by the Christian Brothers. hill, a lime-stone ridge, five hundred and thirty-seven feet high, is three Saturday is market day. Population 2,452. A great butter market is miles north of Elton. Near its base is the lower part of a square (four- held here. There are branches of the Provincial Bank of Ireland and 'teenth century) castle. National Bank here. Knockany hill, a long ship-like (keel-inverted) hill, limestone, a scattered, In the Desmond hall a large mantel-piece of black marble is placed, small hamlet, a chapel, and a church. In the latter are two old tornb- which is said to have bccn taken from the ruins of one of the great stones, one in the porch with rude rdsed characte~son the margin, to one houses at Kilmallock. It has the following inscription :- of the O'Gradys, I think. The other, in the church near the cornn~union table, or the floor, also raised lctters, Latin inscription, and rude figures of birds or inimals, date 1642. This is the tombstone of a Protestant. Tobber Gobbun is near to the south, and beside it rt round grave-yard, evident1 a IGlleen, which we did not visit. ~