Limerick City Council Retrospective Brochure
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Mayors Book 2014:Layout 1 24/04/2014 23:45 Page 2 11 9 7 - 2 0 1 L 4 ICK CITY COUNCI ER IM L A RETROSPECTIVE Dr Matthew Potter, Limerick City Archives Mayors Book 2014:Layout 1 24/04/2014 23:45 Page 3 Cllr. Kathleen Leddin Mayor of Limerick Mayors Book 2014:Layout 1 24/04/2014 23:45 Page 1 Mayor’s Foreword Limerick, founded by the Vikings nearly 1100 years ago, is one of the oldest and most historic cities in Ireland. In addition, Limerick City Council is one of the oldest local authorities in Ireland and Britain, and can trace its origins back to the charter of 1197. From June 2014, it will be merged with Limerick County Council to create a new Limerick City and County Council. This momentous event has prompted the holding of an exhibition and the production of this booklet, both entitled '1197-2014. A Retrospective of Limerick City Council.' In the midst of the hectic amalgamation process, it is appropriate to pause and reNlect on the legacy of Limerick City Council. In general it has Nilled two major roles in recent decades: as a representative political institution and as a service provider. In both, it has made a very signiNicant impact. The City Council has provided the city with, among other things, a large amount of social housing, a modern water supply, a sewerage system, a network of roads, an outstanding Nire service and a number of Nlagship cultural institutions such as the Limerick City Gallery of Art, Limerick City Museum and Archives and the City Library. Just as important is the role of the City Council as a representative body, which it has fulNilled since the introduction of democracy to local government in 1899. In this decade of anniversaries, it is important to remember how in 1916 its members registered their anger at the execution of the Easter Rising leaders and in 1920, they broke away from British rule and declared their allegiance to the Nirst Dáil. Since independence, the City Council has continued to be a democratically elected institution, something which we often take for granted, but which is still denied to millions of voters world-wide. As the latest in a series of Provosts and Mayors of Limerick that dates back 817 years, I am delighted that the area formerly administered by the City Council will become a metropolitan district within the merged City and County Council whose councillors will continue to elect a Mayor. In this year when Limerick is enjoying the role of Nirst national City of Culture, I look forward to the future with conNidence. I know that for Limerick, the best is yet to come. Cllr. Kathleen Leddin 11 9 7 Mayor of Limerick - 2 0 1 L 4 ICK CITY COUNCI ER IM L A RETROSPECTIVE 1 Mayors Book 2014:Layout 1 24/04/2014 23:45 Page 2 Conn Murray Manager Limerick City and County Councils 2 Mayors Book 2014:Layout 1 24/04/2014 23:45 Page 3 City and County Manager's Foreword In June 2014, a new political and administrative structure will be created as a result of the merging of Limerick City Council and Limerick County Council into a single local authority. Limerick City Council can trace its origins to 1197 and County Limerick was created in the 1250s, so this merger is indeed a historic event. Accordingly, it is Nitting that we should review the long and proud history of Limerick City Council in both the current exhibition and this booklet. One of the most striking features of Limerick City Council is its sheer longevity. When it was established by John, Lord of Ireland in 1197, King Richard the Lionheart was aged 40 and St Francis of Assisi was 15. Limerick City Council was nearly 300 years old when Columbus Nirst landed in America, nearly 600 years old when the United States of America came into existence and 725 years old when the modern Irish state achieved independence. Yet, throughout this enormous timespan, it did not remain the same but was always adapting and changing. The Medieval Corporation differed greatly from that of the Georgian Era; the right to vote, once conNined to a tiny propertied minority, was extended to all adults after 1935; while the range of services provided has waxed and waned in accordance with changing systems of governance. Yet, a constant feature throughout was the partnership between the local authority and the people of Limerick, which was sometimes fraught and other times fruitful. In conclusion, it is worth noting that although Limerick City Council will no longer be a separate local authority, the area it formerly administered will become a metropolitan district, whose councillors will retain the right to elect a Mayor. In this manner, the identity and traditions of the ancient city of Limerick will continue into the future. Conn Murray Manager Limerick City and County Councils 11 9 7 - 2 0 1 L 4 ICK CITY COUNCI ER IM L A RETROSPECTIVE 3 Mayors Book 2014:Layout 1 24/04/2014 23:45 Page 4 'Limerick City Council' 'the Mayor, Sheriffs and Citizens of the City of Limerick.’ The Name of Limerick City Council Throughout this exhibition, the term‘the used Mayor, is Aldermen and Burgesses, the of ofNicial the Borough name from of Limerick.' 2002 to 2014. Before 1841, the ofNical'the name Mayor, was Aldermen and Burgesses of the County Borough of Limerick.' From 1841 to 1899, it was 'Limerick Corporation.' From 1899 to 2001, it was All three were usually shortened to 4 Mayors Book 2014:Layout 1 24/04/2014 23:45 Page 5 Contents Mayor’s Foreword 1 City and County Manager's Foreword 3 The Name of Limerick City Council 4 The Medieval and Early Modern Corporation of Limerick 1197-1841 7 The Modern Limerick Corporation/City Council 1841-2014 11 Traditions and Ceremonial 17 A List of the Provosts, Mayors, Bailiffs and Sheriffs of Limerick 25 11 9 7 - 2 0 1 L 4 ICK CITY COUNCI ER IM L A RETROSPECTIVE 5 Mayors Book 2014:Layout 1 24/04/2014 23:46 Page 6 1991.0479.4 Norman knights, similar to those who captured Limerick in 1195, by Dr Thomas Ryan RHA 1990.0080 Map of Limerick showing the city with star shaped defences around the Irishtown, 1740 1990.0179 A Diary of the Siege and Surrender of Lymerick: with the Articles at Large, both Civil & Military. Printed for R. Taylor, near Stationers-Hall, 1692 0000.2804 King John's Castle and Thomond Bridge, early 19th century 6 Mayors Book 2014:Layout 1 24/04/2014 23:46 Page 7 The Medieval and Early Modern Corporation of Limerick 1197-1841Limerick city had been founded by the Vikings in 922 AD and was captured by the Normans around the year 1195. Soon afterwards, Limerick Corporation (renamed Limerick Council in 2002) was established by a charter issued by John, Lord of Ireland on 18 December 1197. The constitution created by this and eleven subsequent charters remained essentially unchanged until 1841. Only a minority of the population could vote and engage in the commercial life of the City. They were known as the Freemen and were generally male property owners. The following were the principal categories who could become Freemen: eldest sons of Freemen; persons who married the daughters of Freemen; persons who completed a seven-year apprenticeship with a Freeman and persons who were given the privilege by vote of the Common Council. There were three different representative bodies in the city. The Freemen of Limerick met weekly in the Hundred Court (combined city council and law court) and at a special annual meeting elected the Mayor and (after 1413) the two Bailiffs to serve for one year each. The Gild Merchant was an association of merchants analogous to the modern Chamber of Commerce. The Common Council was like the modern City Council and consisted of the aldermen (usually former Mayors) and councillors recruited by co-option rather than elected. The executive arm consisted of the Mayor and two Bailiffs nominally elected by the freemen assembled in the Hundred Court, although in practice they were chosen by the civic elite from amongst the membership of the Common Council. They served for one year but could be re-elected. In 1609 the two Bailiffs were given the higher title of Sheriff in consequence of Limerick city becoming an administrative county. In 1672, under the provisions of the New Rules introduced by the Dublin government, the right to elect the Mayor and Sheriffs was removed from the Hundred Court and vested in the Common Council. The Mayor governed the city with the assistance of the Bailiffs/Sheriffs, Common Council and a small number of ofNicials such as the town clerk. Limerick Corporation was a perpetual body corporate, with a common seal and its own legal personality separate from individual members of the Hundred Court and Common Council. The Corporation governed an area consisting of the city proper and a large rural hinterland in both Counties Limerick and Clare called the 11 9 North and South Liberties. In 1578 Scattery Island, situated 60 miles from the city in the Shannon Estuary was 7 - 2 also placed under the jurisdiction of Limerick Corporation. 0 1 L 4 ICK CITY COUNCI ER IM L A RETROSPECTIVE 7 Mayors Book 2014:Layout 1 24/04/2014 23:46 Page 8 1987.0276 1983.0090 Map of Limerick, 1829 Siege of Limerick 1690. Published by Charles Brothers, showing those inside the walls throwing stones in defence of the City 2004.0048 Edmund Sexten Pery (1719-1806), who was responsible for the building of Georgian Limerick, called Newtown Pery in his honour 0000.4624 Georgian Limerick, Arthurs Quay, Limerick c.