Economic Analysis of Outdoor Recreation in Washington State

Economic Analysis of Outdoor Recreation in Washington State Earth Economics i Economic Analysis of Outdoor Recreation in Washington State January 2015 Report Version 1.2 Prepared By: Prepared For: Earth Economics Washington Recreation and Conservation Office Tacoma, Washington Olympia, Washington Primary Authors: Tania Briceno, Ecological Economist, Earth Economics Greg Schundler, GIS and Research Analyst, Earth Economics Suggested Citation: Briceno, T., Schundler, G. 2015. Economic Analysis of Outdoor Recreation in Washington State. Earth Economics, Tacoma, WA. Production Team: Aaron Schwartz, Research Analyst, Earth Economics Angela Fletcher, Research Analyst and Graphic Designer, Earth Economics Johnny Mojica, Research Assistant, Earth Economics Peter Casey, Research Assistant, Earth Economics Contributors: Wendy Brown, Advisor and Editor, Washington Recreation and Conservation Office Jim Fox, Advisor and Editor, James Fox Consulting John Loomis, Advisor and Editor, Colorado State University Acknowledgements: Leslie Connelly and Kaleen Cottingham from Washington’s Recreation and Conservation Office provided valuable feedback as well as Jim Cahill from the Washington State Office of Financial Management. Rebecca Hill from Colorado State University provided feedback on IMPLAN modelling and Randy Rosenberger from Oregon State University helped through his recreation value database. We would also like to thank all the agencies and associations that collaborated with data collection. Thanks to Brenden Mclane, Chelsey Aiton, and Professor Robert Aguirre who provided assistance as part of course work for the University of Washington Professional Master’s Program in GIS & Sustainability Management. Cover image by Jon DeJong, a creative commons image, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/. ©2016 by Earth Economics. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. ii Economic Analysis of Outdoor Recreation in Washington State Contents Executive Summary �� vi Glossary of Terms Used in this Study �� ix Chapter 1� Introduction, Methods and Concepts ��1 The Outdoor Recreation Economy in Washington .............................................................................1 Recreation Land Types Studied ...........................................................................................................3 Methodology Overview ��5 Chapter 2� Expenditures and Contributions of All Outdoor Recreational Land Types ��8 Participation and Expenditure Analysis of All Recreational Lands...................................................... 8 Activity-based Expenditure Analysis �� 11 Economic Contribution Analysis for All Recreational Lands .............................................................13 Chapter 3� Expenditures and Contribution of Outdoor Recreation on Public Lands ��19 Economic Contribution Analysis for Public Lands .............................................................................25 Expenditures and Economic Contributions in Counties Resulting from Recreation on Public Lands �� 27 Chapter 4� Expenditures and Contributions of Private Outdoor Recreation Lands ��29 Participation and Expenditures in Private Recreational Lands .........................................................29 The Economic Contribution of Recreation on Private Lands ............................................................ 32 Chapter 5� Economic Impact from Out-of-State Visitors to Washington’s Outdoor Recreational Lands ��34 Participant Days and Expenditures by Outdoor Recreation Visitors ................................................ 35 Economic Impact from Outdoor Recreation Associated with Out-of-State Visitors ........................ 37 Chapter 6� Ecosystem Services on Outdoor Recreational Lands in Washington ��39 Introduction to Ecosystem Services �� 39 Recreation as an Ecosystem Service .................................................................................................40 Other Ecosystem Services ............................................................................................................... 41 Methodology �� 41 Ecosystem Service Value Results ......................................................................................................44 Other Benefits from Outdoor Recreation ....................................................................................... 47 Earth Economics iii Chapter 7� Conclusions and Further Research ��49 Endnotes �� 51 Appendix A� List of Recreational Lands Included in this Study �� 53 Appendix B� Methodology and Data Sources for Participant Days and Expenditure Profiles by Land Type ��57 Appendix C� Literature Used for Participant Day and Expenditures Data �� 61 Appendix D� Participation and Expenditures for Major Recreational Activities in Washington State ��68 Appendix E� Expenditure Profiles, Sector Mapping, & IMPLAN Assumptions ��79 Appendix F� County Economic Expenditures and Contribution Results for All Recreational Lands ��83 Appendix G� Legislative District Expenditures and Participant Days ��88 Appendix H� Economic Contributions Resulting From Recreation on Public Lands, by County ��92 Appendix I� Calculations for Out-of-State Visitors ��94 Appendix J� Ecosystem Service Valuation Methodology��96 iv Economic Analysis of Outdoor Recreation in Washington State Tables Table 1� Participant Days and Expenditures on All Recreational Land Types ��9 Table 2� Economic Contributions, All Recreational Lands ��13 Table 3� Economic Contributions by Economic Sector, All Recreational Lands ��13 Table 4� Local and State Tax Contributions, All Recreational Lands �� 14 Table 5� Employment Associated with Outdoor Recreation, by Sector �� 14 Table 6� Acreage of Public Recreational Lands �� 20 Table 7� Participant Days and Expenditures by Public Land Type �� 21 Table 8� Economic Contribution from Public Recreational Lands ��25 Table 9� Economic Contribution by Economic Sector, Public Lands �� 26 Table 10� Local and State Tax Contributions, Public Lands �� 26 Table 11� Employment Associated with Public Land Recreation, By Sector �� 26 Table 12� Expenditures and Participation in Outdoor Recreation on Private Lands ��30 Table 13� Economic Contributions from Private Recreational Lands �� 32 Table 14� Economic Contributions by Economic Sector, Private Lands �� 32 Table 15� Local and State Tax Contributions, Private Lands �� 32 Table 16� Employment Associated with Outdoor Recreation, Private Lands ��33 Table 17� Out-of-State Visitors and Associated Recreation-Related Expenditures by Land Type ��36 Table 18� Economic Impact from Out-of-State

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