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Toolbox Creativo Para El Game Design De Un Videojuego Independiente

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Toolbox Creativo Para El Game Design De Un Videojuego Independiente Facultad de Artes Maestría en Diseño y Dirección de Arte Toolbox creativo para el Game Design de un videojuego independiente Trabajo de titulación previo a la obtención del titulo de: Magíster en Diseño y Dirección de Arte Autor: Iván Geovanny Gavilanes Pando C.I: 0104876867 Correo: [email protected] Director: Jorge Daniel López Zamora, Mgtr. C.I: 0103720876 Cuenca – Ecuador 30-marzo-2021 Resumen Este proyecto final de maestría inicia con la pregunta: ¿Cómo las herramientas de diseño y dirección de arte pueden ser trasladadas al campo del videojuego para facilitar su desarrollo? Inquietud que contempla explorar áreas de game design desde una perspectiva de diseño que involucre procesos de inmersión y experimentación para generar material introductorio al campo del juego con el cual se puedan construir ideas sólidas en un game design document. La investigación consta de un eje reflexivo sobre aspectos teóricos, tomando como principal referencia a Macklin y Sharp con su libro Games, Design and Play, y Salen y Zimmerman con Rules of Play para sentar las bases conceptuales del proyecto, considerando elementos del diseño de juego, herramientas, estéticas y experiencia del jugador. Se reflexionaron nociones sobre autonomía y libertad creativa del indie game en contraste a la industria del triple A y se analizaron homólogos de cajas de herramientas, game design document y videojuegos. La metodología del proyecto toma un enfoque de experiencia empírica por medio de inmersión, investigación cualitativa, perfiles de usuarios y protocolos de acción para comprender áreas pragmáticas del tema de estudio y construir un proceso de game design. Por medio de experimentación e investigación se recopilaron 141 herramientas para diseñar juegos, tras varios protocolos de síntesis, adaptación y testeo con participantes, se tamizaron a 24 herramientas, las cuales por medio de criterios de dirección de arte se estructuraron en un toolbox que cubre tres etapas (conceptualizar, prototipar y refinar) y que involucran procesos de búsqueda de ideas hasta su concreción en documentación sólida. Game Design Toolbox es un recurso que compila un proceso, conceptos relevantes y herramientas de diseño de videojuegos, el cual puede ser usado de manera independiente, en grupos, en talleres o eventos como Game jams, y de manera presencial o digital. Palabras Clave: Diseño de videojuegos. Caja de herramientas. Dirección de arte. Juego independiente. Videojuego. Iván Geovanny Gavilanes Pando II Abstract This final master's project begins with the question: How can design and art direction tools be transferred to the field of video games to facilitate its development? Concern that contemplates exploring areas of game design from a design perspective that involves immersion and experimentation processes to generate introductory material to the field of the game with which solid ideas can be built into a game design document. The research consists of a reflective axis on theoretical aspects, taking as the main reference to Macklin and Sharp with their book Games, Design and Play, and Salen and Zimmerman with Rules of Play to lay the conceptual foundations of the project, considering elements of game design, tools, aesthetics and player experience. Notions about autonomy and creative freedom of the indie game were reflected in contrast to the triple A industry, and counterparts of toolboxes, game design document and video games were analyzed. The project methodology takes an empirical experience approach through immersion, qualitative research, user profiles and action protocols to understand pragmatic areas of the study topic and build a game design process. Through experimentation and research, 141 tools were collected to design games, after various synthesis, adaptation and testing protocols with participants, 24 tools were screened, which by means of art direction criteria were structured in a toolbox that covers three stages (conceptualize, prototype and refine) and that involve processes of searching for ideas until their concretion in solid documentation. Game Design Toolbox is a resource that compiles a process, relevant concepts and video game design tools, which can be used independently, in groups, in workshops or events such as Game jams, and in person or digitally. Keywords: Game design. Toolbox. Art direction. Indie game. Video game. Iván Geovanny Gavilanes Pando III Índice de contenidos Resumen .................................................................................................................................... II Introducción ............................................................................................................................... 1 Capítulo I Conceptos sobre el diseño de juego .......................................................................... 2 1.1 Introducción sobre el juego y videojuego ........................................................................ 2 1.2 Elementos básicos del diseño de juegos .......................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Acciones .................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Reglas ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.2.3 Metas ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.4 Objetos ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.5 Espacio de juego ....................................................................................................... 6 1.2.6 Jugador ...................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Herramientas básicas del Game Design ........................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Restricciones ............................................................................................................. 8 1.3.2 Interacción directa e indirecta ................................................................................... 9 1.3.3 Metas ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.4 Desafío .................................................................................................................... 12 1.3.5 Habilidad, estrategia, azar e incertidumbre............................................................. 12 1.3.6 Toma de decisiones y retroalimentación................................................................. 14 1.3.7 Abstracción ............................................................................................................. 15 1.3.8 Tema ....................................................................................................................... 15 1.3.9 Storytelling .............................................................................................................. 16 1.3.10 Contexto de juego ................................................................................................. 17 Iván Geovanny Gavilanes Pando IV 1.4 Estéticas de Juego .......................................................................................................... 18 1.5 La experiencia del jugador ............................................................................................. 21 Capítulo II Brief y fase de información ................................................................................... 27 2.1 Brief ............................................................................................................................... 27 2.2 Estado del videojuego en el país .................................................................................... 29 2.2.1 Enfoque de investigación ........................................................................................ 29 2.2.2 Encuesta en el marco del Global Game Jam 2020 .................................................. 30 2.2.3 Entrevistas y hallazgos sobre el Game Design ....................................................... 32 2.3 Autonomía y libertad creativa, nociones sobre el indie game ....................................... 37 2.4 Análisis de homólogos de los recursos clave, Toolbox y Game Design Document...... 41 2.4.1 Toolbox, conceptos y procesos ............................................................................... 41 2.4.2 Game Design Document ......................................................................................... 43 2.5 Análisis de homólogos en videojuegos .......................................................................... 47 2.6 Proceso de construcción de Game Design Document ................................................... 51 Capítulo III Construcción de material..................................................................................... 56 3.1 Primer protocolo, exploración de herramientas ............................................................. 56 3.2 Síntesis, preselección de herramientas ........................................................................... 61 3.3 Segundo protocolo, sesiones de diseño .......................................................................... 63 3.4 Síntesis: Selección de herramientas ............................................................................... 71 Capítulo IV Diseño
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