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Strengthening CITES Implementation in Central America and the Caribbean

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Strengthening CITES Implementation in Central America and the Caribbean Strengthening CITES implementation in Central America and the Caribbean Species reviews Strengthening CITES implementation in Central America and the Caribbean: Species Reviews Prepared for Wildlife Conservation Society Published: May 2019 Copyright: Wildlife Conservation Society, 2019 Citation: UNEP-WCMC. 2019. Strengthening CITES implementation in Central America and the Caribbean: Species Reviews. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Acknowledgements: We would like to express our gratitude to the experts who have provided valuable data and opinions regarding the species assessed. This project was made possible through support provided by the United States Department of the Interior (“DOI”), the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (“USFWS”), under the terms of Assistance Award # Fl 7ACOO419 to the Wildlife Conservation Society. The content and opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the DOI, USFWS or WCS and no official endorsement should be inferred. Cover Photo: Brandelet Didier The UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity centre of the UN Environment, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. The Centre has been in operation for 40 years, combining scientific research with practical policy advice. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission, provided acknowledgement to the source is made. Reuse of any figures is subject to permission from the original rights holders. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose without permission in writing from UN Environment. Applications for permission, with a statement of purpose and extent of reproduction, should be sent to the Director, UNEP-WCMC, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UN Environment, contributory organisations or editors. The designations employed and the presentations of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UN Environment or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries or the designation of its name, frontiers or boundaries. The mention of a commercial entity or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by UN Environment. UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) 219 Huntingdon Road, UN Environment promotes Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK environmentally sound Tel: +44 1223 277314 practices globally and in its www.unep-wcmc.org own activities. Printing on paper from environmentally sustainable forests and 2 recycled fibre is encouraged. Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 7 Methods ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Dalbergia stevensonii .................................................................................................................... 8 A. Summary and Recommendations .......................................................................................... 8 B. NDF guidelines and challenges in Central America ............................................................... 10 C. Species characteristics ......................................................................................................... 12 D. Country reviews .................................................................................................................. 16 Belize ................................................................................................................................... 16 Guatemala ........................................................................................................................... 22 Mexico ................................................................................................................................. 27 E. References ........................................................................................................................... 29 Sphyrna spp. ................................................................................................................................ 32 A. Summary and Recommendations ........................................................................................ 32 B. Species characteristics ......................................................................................................... 37 C. Global trade ......................................................................................................................... 51 D. Country Reviews .................................................................................................................. 66 Belize ................................................................................................................................... 66 Costa Rica ............................................................................................................................ 68 Dominican Republic ............................................................................................................. 72 El Salvador ........................................................................................................................... 73 Guatemala ........................................................................................................................... 75 Honduras ............................................................................................................................. 77 Mexico ................................................................................................................................. 77 Nicaragua ............................................................................................................................ 82 Panama ................................................................................................................................ 83 E. References ........................................................................................................................... 85 Strombus gigas ............................................................................................................................ 92 A. Summary and Recommendations ........................................................................................ 92 B. Species characteristics ......................................................................................................... 98 C. Country reviews ................................................................................................................. 108 Belize ................................................................................................................................. 108 Costa Rica .......................................................................................................................... 117 3 Dominican Republic ........................................................................................................... 117 Honduras ........................................................................................................................... 121 Mexico ............................................................................................................................... 128 Nicaragua .......................................................................................................................... 133 Panama .............................................................................................................................. 138 D. References ........................................................................................................................ 139 Annexes .............................................................................................................................. 145 4 Executive Summary In March 2019, Guatemala’s National Council of Protected Areas (CONAP), with support from the Wildlife Conservation Society and UNEP-WCMC, hosted a workshop titled ‘Exchange of experiences, guides and good practices in the preparation of non-detriment findings for CITES species’. The workshop was held from the 5th to the 7th March 2019 in Guatemala City, and was attended by representatives of the CITES Scientific Authorities of Belize, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Panama. It had three principal objectives: (1) To develop regional capacity for the production of CITES non-detriment findings (NDFs); (2) To provide a regional forum for CITES Scientific Authorities to exchange information, experiences and lessons learned in relation to the implementation of CITES, and (3) To present in-depth reviews, carried out by UNEP-WCMC, of three specific taxa that are currently in international trade, which were highlighted by the CITES Authorities of the Central American region as taxa for which additional information would assist them with their CITES non-detriment findings. The taxa chosen were a rosewood timber tree, Dalbergia stevensonii
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