DOCSLIB.ORG

Mainstreaming Agrobiodiversity in Sustainable Food Systems Scientific Foundations for an Agrobiodiversity Index

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mainstreaming Agrobiodiversity in Sustainable Food Systems Scientific Foundations for an Agrobiodiversity Index Mainstreaming Agrobiodiversity in Sustainable Food Systems Scientific Foundations for an Agrobiodiversity Index Mainstreaming Agrobiodiversity in Sustainable Food Systems Scientific Foundations for an Agrobiodiversity Index Editorial Board Walter de Boef, Marie Haga, Lindiwe Sibanda, Prof. MS Swaminathan, Paul Winters Technical Advisory Board Fetien Abay, Natasha Ali, Francesco Branca, Alan de Brauw, Salvatore Ceccarelli, Hannes Dempewolf, Willy Douma, Jan Engels, Jessica Fanzo, Christine Negra, Stineke Oenema, Jean Louis Pham, Ramanatha Rao, Marja Thijssen Production team Editor: Arwen Bailey Editorial assistance: Alexandra del Castello, Nora Capozio, Marta Millere, Samantha Collins Design, concept, realization: Pablo Gallo Bioversity International is a global research-for-development organization. We have a vision – that agricultural biodiversity nourishes people and sustains the planet. We deliver scientic evidence, management practices and policy options to use and safeguard agricultural and tree biodiversity to attain sustainable global food and nutrition security. We work with partners in low-income countries in different regions where agricultural and tree biodiversity can contribute to improved nutrition, resilience, productivity and climate change adaptation. Citation Bioversity International, 2017. Mainstreaming Agrobiodiversity in Sustainable Food Systems: Scientic Foundations for an Agrobiodiversity Index. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. Chapters 2 and 6 contribute to the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH). The opinions expressed here belong to the authors, and do not necessarily reect those of A4NH or CGIAR. Cover photo: Planting rice in Nepal. Credit: Bioversity International/Sriram Subedi, LI-BIRD, Lamjung © Bioversity International 2017 Bioversity International Headquarters Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a 00054 Maccarese (Fiumicino) Italy Tel. (+39) 06 61181 Fax. (+39) 06 6118402 [email protected] www.bioversityinternational.org Bioversity International is a CGIAR Research Centre. CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future. www.cgiar.org Bioversity International is registered as a 501(c)(3) non-prot organization in the US. Bioversity International (UK) is a Registered UK Charity No. 1131854. ISBN: 978-92-9255-070-7 In memory of Dr Bhuwon Ratna Sthapit, participatory plant breeder, community biodiversity management pioneer, agrobiodiversity champion and friend to many. May your work and passion continue to inspire us. Contents List of figures, tables and text boxes .......................................................................................................... IX Chapter authors .......................................................................................................................................... XI Foreword ................................................................................................................................................... XIV Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... XV 1 Agricultural biodiversity and food system sustainability 1 M. Ann Tutwiler, Arwen Bailey, Simon Attwood, Roseline Remans, Marleni Ramirez Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................2 Drivers of change in our food systems ..........................................................................................................3 Demographic changes ...............................................................................................................................................................3 Climate change ............................................................................................................................................................................3 Depletion of natural resources .................................................................................................................................................4 Food and nutrition changes ......................................................................................................................................................4 Finding sustainable solutions .......................................................................................................................4 The contribution of agricultural biodiversity ................................................................................................7 Using agricultural biodiversity in sustainable food systems .......................................................................8 Mainstreaming agricultural biodiversity in sustainable food systems ......................................................12 Challenges of mainstreaming agricultural biodiversity ....................................................................................................13 Examples of successful mainstreaming ................................................................................................................................ 14 The Agrobiodiversity Index .........................................................................................................................16 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................18 References ..................................................................................................................................................19 2 Food biodiversity for healthy, diverse diets 23 Gina Kennedy, Dietmar Stoian, Danny Hunter, Enoch Kikulwe, Céline Termote, with contributions from Robyn Alders, Barbara Burlingame, Ramni Jamnadass, Stepha McMullin, Shakuntala Thilsted Introduction .................................................................................................................................................24 Food biodiversity and components of a healthy diet .........................................................................................................25 The evidence for improving diets using food biodiversity .........................................................................27 Improving diet diversity through cultivated or gathered food biodiversity ..................................................................31 Improving diet diversity through food biodiversity purchased in markets ..................................................................36 Creating enabling environments for healthy diets based on food biodiversity ............................................................38 V Metrics to measure food biodiversity for healthy, diverse diets ............................................................... 41 Metrics and proxies for consumption of food biodiversity ...............................................................................................41 Metrics and proxies for food biodiversity in markets ........................................................................................................43 Metrics to assess enabling environments for using food biodiversity .............................................................................44 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................45 References ..................................................................................................................................................46 3 Using biodiversity to provide multiple services in sustainable farming systems 53 Simon Attwood, Natalia Estrada Carmona, Fabrice DeClerck, Sylvia Wood, Francesca Beggi, Devendra Gauchan, Keyu Bai, Maarten van Zonneveld Introduction .................................................................................................................................................54 The roles of agricultural biodiversity in agroecological intensification .....................................................57 Soil erosion control ..................................................................................................................................................................60 Pest and disease control .........................................................................................................................................................60 Pollination .................................................................................................................................................................................61 Wild biodiversity conservation ...............................................................................................................................................62 Soil quality ................................................................................................................................................................................63 Yield of crops cultivated for food ..........................................................................................................................................65 Resilient agricultural landscapes ..........................................................................................................................................65 Enabling environment needed to support multifunctional sustainable farming systems
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Report from the Cgiar Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centres to the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
    CGRFA-14/13/Inf.22 March 2013 E Organización Food and Organisation des Продовольственная и de las Agriculture Nations Unies cельскохозяйственная Naciones Unidas Organization pour организация para la of the l'alimentation Объединенных Alimentación y la et l'agriculture United Nations Наций Agricultura n COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Item 9 of the Provisional Agenda Fourteenth Regular Session Rome, 15 - 19 April 2013 REPORT FROM THE CGIAR CONSORTIUM OF INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRES TO THE COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs I. Introduction 1-2 II. The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture 3-10 III. Animal genetic resources 11-21 IV. Aquatic genetic resources 22-28 V. Forest genetic resources 29-36 VI. Micro-organisms and invertebrates 37-39 VII. Cross-sectorial matters Consideration of the need for and modalities of access and benefit- sharing arrangements for genetic resources for food and agriculture 40-47 Consideration of finalized roadmap or work programme on climate change and genetic resources for food and agriculture 48-53 Review of all relevant international targets and indicators for biodiversity for food and agriculture 54-55 Review of key issues on biodiversity and nutrition 56-59 This document is printed in limited numbers to minimize the environmental impact of FAO's processes and contribute to climate neutrality. Delegates and observers are kindly requested to bring their copies to meetings and to avoid asking for additional copies. Most FAO meeting documents are available on the Internet at www.fao.org CGRFA-14/13/Inf.22 1 I.
    [Show full text]
  • W Orking Paper
    Agricultural practices and technologies to enhance food security, resilience and productivity in a sustainable manner Messages to SBSTA 44 agriculture workshops Working Paper No. 146 CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Edited by: Dhanush Dinesh r International Research Institute for Climate and Society ape P w i s a t women in global science & technology Science with a human face ing k r o W Correct citation: Dinesh D (ed). 2016. Agricultural practices and technologies to enhance food security, resilience and productivity in a sustainable manner: Messages for SBSTA 44 agriculture workshops. CCAFS Working Paper no. 146. Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org Correct citation for individual chapters (e.g.): Cooper P, Nangia N, Sander O, Zwart S, McCartney M, Westermann O. Water Management. In: Dinesh D (ed). 2016. Agricultural practices and technologies to enhance food security, resilience and productivity in a sustainable manner: Messages for SBSTA 44 agriculture workshops. CCAFS Working Paper no. 146. Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org Titles in this Working Paper series aim to disseminate interim climate change, agriculture and food security research and practices and stimulate feedback from the scientific community. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food
    [Show full text]
  • Networking Banana and Plantain
    Networking Banana and Plantain Annual Report 2000 The mission of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain is to sustainably increase the productivity of banana and plantain grown on smallholdings for domestic consumption and for local and export markets. The Programme has four specific objectives: • To organize and coordinate a global research effort on banana and plantain, aimed at the development, evaluation and dissemination of improved cultivars and at the conservation and use of Musa diversity • To promote and strengthen collaboration and partnerships in banana-related research activities at the national, regional and global levels • To strengthen the ability of NARS to conduct research and development activities on bananas and plantains • To coordinate, facilitate and support the production, collection and exchange of information and documentation related to banana and plantain. INIBAP is a programme of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), a Future Harvest Centre. The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute is an autonomous international scientific organization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRI’s mandate is to advance the conservation and use of genetic diversity for the well-being of present and future generations. IPGRI’s headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices in another 19 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Irrigation and Aquaculture in West Africa: Concepts, Practices and Potential
    CCOVEROVER [[Converted].aiConverted].ai 33-03-2006-03-2006 12:21:2012:21:20 INTEGRATED IRRIGATION AND AQUACULTURE INWESTAFRICA—Concepts,practicesandpotential ANDAQUACULTURE IRRIGATION INTEGRATED FAO This volume contains background documents and papers presented at the FAO-WARDA Workshop on Integrated Irrigation Aquaculture (IIA) held in Bamako, Mali, from 4 to 7 November 2003, as well as the findings of FAO expert missions on IIA in the West Africa region. The rationale for IIA development lies in its potential to increase productivity of scarce freshwater resources for improved livelihoods and to reduce pressure on natural resources, which is particularly important in the drought-prone countries of West Africa where water scarcity, food security and environmental degradation are priority issues for policy-makers. Irrigated systems, floodplains and inland valley bottoms are identified as C the three main target environments for IIA in West Africa. Many examples M of current practices, constraints and potential for development of IIA are Y provided. The concepts of economic analyses of IIA are reviewed, and an CM overview of regional and international research institutions and networks MY CY and their mandates as they relate to IIA is given. Key factors for successful CMY adoption of IIA – participation of stakeholders and support for local K development, an integrated, multisectoral approach to IIA and improved knowledge management and networking – indicate the way forward and are reflected in a proposal for IIA development in West Africa. INTEGRATED IRRIGATION AND AQUACULTURE IN WEST AFRICA Concepts, practices and potential ISBN 92-5-105491-6 9 7 8 9 2 5 1 0 5 4 9 1 8 TC/M/A0444E/1/3.06/2500 CCover-IIover-II [[Converted].aiConverted].ai 33-03-2006-03-2006 112:22:302:22:30 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Cover page: FAO photos by A.
    [Show full text]
  • Descriptors for Baobab (Adansonia Digitata L.)
    afrika focus — Volume 28, Nr. 1, 2015 — pp. 125-126 Descriptors for Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) Kehlenbeck K.S. Padulosi, A. Alercia Bioversity International, World Agroforestry Centre Italy, Kenya, 2015 Bioversity International belongs to the so-called CG centre group. The latter, in full the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (though no longer known under their full name), consists of some fifteen research centres that are members of the CGIAR Consortium. Each centre has a global mandate to study, improve and promote (sub)tropical crops and animal production. Research is carried out in close collaboration with hundreds of partners, including national and regional research institutes, civil soci- ety organizations, academia, development organizations and the private sector. CGIAR´s collaborative research is dedicated to reducing rural poverty, increasing food security, improving human health and nutrition, and ensuring the sustainable man- agement of natural resources. The 15 Research Centres generate and disseminate knowledge, technologies, and policies for agricultural development through the CGIAR Research Programs. The CGIAR Fund provides reliable and predictable multi-year funding to enable research planning over the long term, resource allocation based on agreed priorities, and the timely and predictable disbursement of funds. A multi-donor trust fund finances research carried out by the Centres through the CGIAR Research Programs. In all, some 10,000 scientists and staff, top-notch research infrastructure and dy- namic networks try to deliver adequate solutions to burning development questions. CGIAR’s collections of genetic resources are the most comprehensive in the world, al- lowing the system’s scientists to deliver on expectations, within their mandate.
    [Show full text]
  • Frequently Asked Questions
    Training Material for Advisors|Certifiers|Product and quality managers Frequently asked questions Training Material for Advisors|Auditors|Product and Quality managers | Frequently asked questions www.food-biodiversity.eu – 2 – Content 1. Biodiversity – Why should farmers support and protect habitats and species? ........ 3 2. Why is intact soil biodiversity so important? ........................................................... 3 3. Why is intensive agriculture identified as a main driver of loss of biodiversity? ....... 3 4. Agriculture as a supporting driver for biodiversity? ................................................. 4 5. Do farmers need to know all threatened species/IUCN Red List of ............................ Endangered Species? .............................................................................................. 4 6. What can key indicator species tell us? .................................................................... 4 7. Beyond the farm gate: Why the surroundings of the farm should be considered? ... 5 8. Island or network of biotopes? ................................................................................ 5 9. Invasive alien species (IAS) ...................................................................................... 6 Overview of the Project EU LIFE Food & Biodiversity ..................................................... 8 Training Material for Advisors|Auditors|Product and Quality managers | Frequently asked questions www.food-biodiversity.eu – 3 – 1. Biodiversity – Why should farmers
    [Show full text]
  • GOOD FOOD, HEALTH, and SUSTAINABILITY: an INTRODUCTION for HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Global Challenges V Local Opportunities by Nanna L
    GOOD FOOD, HEALTH, AND SUSTAINABILITY: AN INTRODUCTION FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Global Challenges V Local Opportunities by Nanna L. Meyer, Ph.D., R.D., CSSD, FACSM LEARNING OBJECTIVES GhG emissions to protect young people, future generations, and nature (25,28). This article provides an introduction into sustainability and health, with Climate-related extremes, such as heat waves, droughts, wildfires, or storms, have already a focus on food. When health professionals integrate concepts of increased across the past decades and show sustainability into life and work, cobenefits can be leveraged, as health- disruption of infrastructures such as food produc- promoting services then also serve a greater cause V that of tion and water supply with risk to human well- environmental protection, social justice, and economic viability. being and even ecosystem stability (28). Further- more, there will be considerable inequity to Regarding food, this may begin by simply considering the decision- those affected, especially from lower socioeco- making process when purchasing food. However, the process does nomic status, and geographical regions most not stop there, as considerations surrounding a more sustainable exposed (coastal regions and developing na- tions) are likely the most vulnerable (28). lifestyle in general, and adjusting eating patterns specifically, can be eye opening, while getting involved in the local food movement is life changing. The four environmental hotspots, meat, fish, biodiversity, and waste, will be discussed to raise awareness and build knowledge in health professionals. Resources and examples are given to help mobilize learners to take action. Key Words: Food, Healthy Lifestyles, Sustainability, Farmers’ Markets, Urban Farms INTRODUCTION AND GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE he earth is warming rapidly because of T increased greenhouse gas (GhG) emis- sions, whereas the rising air and ocean temperatures in the Arctic and Antarctica are responsible for the increasing ice loss, resulting in sea level rise.
    [Show full text]
  • Worldfish Style Guide
    Photo credit: <Name>/<Organization> credit: Photo WorldFish Style Guide Version 3 April 2020 Table of contents Contents Table of contents i Introduction 1 Editorial style 2 1. Abbreviations 2 1.1. Acronyms and initialisms 2 1.2. Abbreviations for “species” 2 1.3. American states 2 1.4. Chemical elements 2 1.5. Geographic terms 2 1.6. Latin phrases 3 1.7. Periods in abbreviations 3 1.8. Project and program titles 3 1.9. Repeating units 3 1.10. Tables and reference materials 3 1.11. Truncations 3 1.12. Units of measurement 3 2. Annex versus appendix 4 3. Avoiding discriminatory language 4 3.1. Nonsexist language 4 3.2. Nonracist language 4 3.3. Language and disabilities 4 3.4. Language and age 5 4. Branding 5 5. Capitals 5 5.1. Geographic terms 5 5.2. Government 5 5.3. Headings 5 5.4. Hyphenated compounds 5 5.5. Initial words 6 5.6. Internet 6 5.7. Project and program titles 6 5.8. Small capitals 6 5.9. Titles 6 5.10. Titles of publications 6 i 6. Compound words 6 7. Copyright 7 8. Cross-references 7 9. Dates and times 7 10. Figures and illustrations 8 10.1. Figure captions 8 10.2. Numbering figures 8 10.3. Photo captions 8 11. Endnotes 8 12. Format 9 12.1. Headings 9 12.2. Order of elements in a publication 9 12.3. Paragraphs 9 13. Front matter/Preliminaries 9 13.1. Acknowledgments 9 13.2. Contents 9 13.3. Page numbering 9 14.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing the Protected Area System of Armenia
    UNDP Project Document – Amendment for split of the project into two subprojects After decision to execute one part of the project by WWF, the project was split into two subprojects by means of budget revision, creating two AWPs with separate Atlas numbers and budgets. The signed versions of AWP between UNDP and WWF Armenia and the signed version of the budget revision of the existing AWP between UNDP and the Ministry of Nature Protection are attached in PIMS database and Atlas system. UNDP-GEF Medium-Size Project (MSP) Government of Republic of Armenia United Nations Development Programme PIMS: 3986 Subproject with NEX execution: Atlas Award 00057439; Atlas Project ID 00070966 Subproject with NGO execution: Atlas Award 00060500; Atlas Project ID 00076187 Developing the Protected Area System of Armenia Brief description: The project’s goal is to conserve globally significant biodiversity in Armenia. The project’s objective is to catalyze the expansion of the nature reserves to provide better representation of ecosystems within Armenia’s current protected area system and enable active conservation of biodiversity. The project’s two components will focus upon: (1) rationalization of the PA system through improving the regulatory and institutional framework relevant to Sanctuary establishment and operation; and (2) institutional capacity building by piloting a suite of Sanctuary management tools largely absent from Armenian’s current protected area management regime. This project’s efforts will result in a national protected area system better equipped to include and conserve currently under- represented ecosystems and associated species. Project investment will be in community areas to improve management of productive landscapes while helping to promote connectivity and alleviate poverty.
    [Show full text]
  • Mainstreaming Agrobiodiversity in Sustainable Food Systems
    SUMMARY Mainstreaming Agrobiodiversity in Sustainable Food Systems Scientific Foundations for an Agrobiodiversity Index This booklet presents a summary of the key messages and content from the publication Mainstreaming Agrobiodiversity in Sustainable Food Systems: Scientific Foundations for an Agrobiodiversity Index (to be published in 2017). Bioversity International is a global research-for-development organization. We have a vision – that agricultural biodiversity nourishes people and sustains the planet. We deliver scientific evidence, management practices and policy options to use and safeguard agricultural and tree biodiversity to attain sustainable global food and nutrition security. We work with partners in low-income countries in different regions where agricultural and tree biodiversity can contribute to improved nutrition, resilience, productivity and climate change adaptation. Bioversity International is a CGIAR Research Centre. CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future. Citation Mainstreaming Agrobiodiversity in Sustainable Food Systems: Scientific Foundations for an Agrobiodiversity Index – Summary. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy, 2016 Cover photo Planting rice in Nepal. Credit: Bioversity International/Sriram Subedi, LI-BIRD, Lamjung © Bioversity International 2016 Bioversity International Headquarters Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a 00054 Maccarese (Fiumicino) Italy Tel. (+39) 06 61181 Fax. (+39) 06 6118402 [email protected] www.bioversityinternational.org ISBN: 978-92-9255-059-2 Foreword As the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity (2011-2020) reaches its mid-point, the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition has just begun (2016–2020). This 5-year overlap of global action offers a rare opportunity to bring together biodiversity and nutrition in novel ways for positive benefits to both. When people think of good nutrition, and about the diverse food groups that should be in a balanced diet, they rarely think about where those foods come from.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Blades of Grass: the Role of Science in the Green Revolution Alan Mark Fletcher November 13 and 14, 2011
    Two Blades of Grass: The Role of Science in the Green Revolution Alan Mark Fletcher November 13 and 14, 2011 Alan Mark Fletcher ’50 worked for over fifty years as a science writer and editor at institutions including Cornell University, the University of Georgia, the International Rice Research Institute, and the International Service for National Agricultural Research. Whoever could make two ears of corn or two blades of grass grow upon a spot of ground where only one grew before, would deserve better of mankind, and do more service to his country, than the whole race of politicians put together. - Jonathan Swift, in Gulliver’s Travels n 1798 the English clergyman-philosopher Thomas Malthus published “An Essay on the Principle of I Population,” in which he argued that while the population of the world would increase geometrically, the food available would increase only arithmetically. Malthus postulated that human population growth, therefore, would eventually outstrip the agricultural capacity of the Earth. At some point, he predicted, natural forces like famine and disease would reduce the human population to a sustainable level. His hypothesis has yet to be proven on any large scale with humans, but biologists have seen the Malthusian principle turn out to be correct with other animals, and there is no reason to believe that his hypothesis does not apply to humans. Back in 1968, Stanford University ecologist Paul R. Ehrlich scared us to death when he published The Population Bomb, in which he maintained that the Malthusian principle was about to overtake us. His book began with this statement: “The battle to feed all of humanity is over.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioversity International’S Views on the Preparation, Scope and Content of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
    Bioversity International’s views on the preparation, scope and content of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework Rome, 14 December 2018 Agricultural biodiversity or agrobiodiversity is a subset of biodiversity. Both wild biodiversity and agrobiodiversity provide multiple ecosystem services that support food production, underpin food security and human wellbeing. We consider that biodiversity conservation efforts in agricultural contexts should better integrate wild and agrobiodiversity approaches. There is potential to better integrate and align efforts and activities to achieve outcomes for both agricultural and wild biodiversity, yet most agricultural and wild conservation strategies continue to be pursued separately. Given that globally, 38% of land is now farmed, agricultural land management is increasingly important for wild biodiversity conservation. How agrobiodiversity generates ecosystem services • Crop provisioning; livestock provisioning • Nutritional and dietary diversity; increased number of functional traits leads to more resistant and resilient crops • Reduced need for pesticides due to agrobiodiversity-based pest and disease control; complex vegetation structure as filter of pollutants • Increased carbon sequestration through more continuous biomass; increased soil function and carbon sequestration; increased use of legumes reduces need for NPK use • Intercropping and interspecific crop diversity providing habitat and resources for natural enemies. Intraspecific diversity suppressing pests and diseases 1 Bioversity International is increasingly seen as the world’s leading agrobiodiversity research and innovation centre with expertise on conservation and use of agrobiodiversity, working towards healthy diets from sustainable food systems; productive and resilient farms, forests and landscape; and effective genetic resources conservation and use. Biological diversity is vitally important to agriculture, food and nutrition security, as well as to the integrity of the natural resources upon which 1 Attwood et al.
    [Show full text]