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ZOOPLANKTON FAUNASI Özlem GÜREL Yüksek Lisans Tezi Su ORDUZU GÖLETİ (MALATYA) ZOOPLANKTON FAUNASI Özlem GÜREL Yüksek Lisans Tezi Su Ürünleri Temel Bilimler Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Doç. Dr. Serap SALER (F.Ü) Temmuz-2013 T.C FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ORDUZU GÖLETİ (MALATYA) ZOOPLANKTON FAUNASI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Özlem GÜREL (101127104) Tezin Enstitüye Verildiği Tarih: 10.07.2013 Tezin Savunulduğu Tarih: 24.07.2013 Tez Danışmanı : Doç. Dr. Serap SALER (F.Ü) Diğer Jüri Üyeleri : Prof. Dr. Metin ÇALTA (F.Ü) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Gülizar Tuna Keleştemur (F.Ü) TEMMUZ-2013 ÖNSÖZ Bu çalışmanın her aşamasında destek ve ilgisini esirgemeyen danışma hocam Doç. Dr. Serap Saler’e ve Arş.Gör.Hilal Bulut’a yardımlarından dolayı çok teşekkür ediyorum. Ayrıca beni her konuda, destekleyen ailem ve eşime teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Özlem GÜREL ELAZIĞ-2013 II İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ .......................................................................................................................II İÇİNDEKİLER ........................................................................................................ III ÖZET ....................................................................................................................... V SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. VI TABLO LİSTESİ .................................................................................................... VII ŞEKİL LİSTESİ .................................................................................................... VIII 1. GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................. 1 2. MATERYAL ve METOT ............................................................................ 11 2.1. Çalışma Alanı ................................................................................................ 12 2.2. Bazı Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Parametrelerin Ölçümü ......................................... 12 2.3. Zooplankton Örneklerinin Alınması ve Teşhis Edilmesi................................. 14 2.4. Zooplanktonun Sayımı ................................................................................... 14 2.5. İndeks Analizleri ........................................................................................... 14 2.6. İstatistik analizleri.......................................................................................... 15 3. BULGULAR ................................................................................................ 16 3.1. Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Parametreler ................................................................. 16 3.1.1. Su Sıcaklığı ................................................................................................... 16 3.1.2. pH ................................................................................................................. 16 3.1.3. Çözünmüş Oksijen ......................................................................................... 17 3.2. Orduzu Göleti’nin Zooplankton Kompozisyonu ............................................. 17 3.2.1. Rotifera Grubu ............................................................................................... 17 3.2.2. Cladocera Grubu ............................................................................................ 20 3.2.3. Copepoda Grubu ............................................................................................ 21 3.3. Tespit Edilen Türlerin İstasyonlardaki Dağılımı ............................................. 21 3.4 Zooplankton Türlerinin Shannon Weaner Tür Zenginlik İndeksine Göre Değerlendirilmesi .......................................................................................... 32 3.5. Zooplankton Türlerinin İstasyonlara Göre Sorenson Benzerlik İndeksi ile Değerlendirilmesi .......................................................................................... 33 3.6. Orduzu Göleti’nde Tespit Edilen Organizmaların Nisbi Yoğunlukları ............ 35 3.7. Rotifera Türlerinin Mevsimsel Değişimi ........................................................ 37 3.8. Cladocera Türlerinin Mevsimsel Değişimi ..................................................... 37 3.9. Copepoda Türlerinin Mevsimsel Değişimi ..................................................... 38 3.10. Orduzu Göleti’nde Yaşayan Rotifera, Cladocera ve Copepoda Türlerinin Mevsimsel Değişiminin Karşılaştırılması ....................................................... 38 III 3.11. Orduzu Göleti’nde Yaşayan Rotifera, Cladocera ve Copepoda Türlerinin Aylık Değişimlerinin Karşılaştırılması ........................................................... 39 4. TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ ............................................................................. 41 KAYNAKLAR ............................................................................................. 45 EKLER ......................................................................................................... 60 ÖZGEÇMİŞ ................................................................................................. 66 IV ÖZET Bu çalışmada, Orduzu Göleti’nin zooplankton faunası incelenmiştir. Örnekleme bölgesinde 4 istasyon belirlenmiş ve Nisan 2011-Mart 2012 tarihleri arasında aylık periyotlarlaörnekler alınmıştır.Su Sıcaklığı, pH ve çözünmüş oksijen ölçümleri arazide anında yapılmıştır. Zooplankton örnekleri 55 µ göz açıklığına sahip standart plankton ağı kullanarak toplanmış ve %4’lük formaldehit solüsyonu içerisinde korunmuştur. Araştırmada Rotifera şubesinden 15 familyaya ait 35 tür, Cladocera’ dan 4 familyaya ait 9 tür, Copepoda’dan ise 1 familyaya ait 3 tür saptanmıştır. Shannon Wiener indeks analizi sonuçlarına göre tür zenginliğinin en yüksek olduğu ay mayıs ayıdır (H’=2,29). En düşük indeks değeri ise eylül ayında görülmüştür (H’=1). Sorenson Benzerlik İndeksi sonuçlarına göre 1.ve 2. istasyonlarda benzerlik %74 olarak en yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. 1.ve 4. istasyonlarda benzerlik %69 olarak en düşük oranda bulunmuştur. Nisbi yoğunluk bakımından dominant zooplankton türü olan Polyatrhra dolichoptera %73,4 oranla temmuz ayında en yüksek yoğunluğuna ulaşmıştır. Tüm zooplankton içinde Rotifera %86,5 ile Cladocera %10 ve Copepoda %3,5 luk oranla temsil edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera, Orduzu Göleti V SUMMARY Orduzu Lake (Malatya) Fauna Zooplankton In this study, zooplankton fauna of Orduzu Lake were investigated. Samplings were taken montly form 4 different stations between April 2011 and May 2012. Water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen of water were determined in situ. Zooplankton samples were taken by means of 55 µ mesh-sized standart plankton net and were preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution. In the study totally 47 zooplankton species were recorded. 35 rotifera species belonging to 15 families 9 Cladocera species belonging to 4 families, and 3 Copepode species belonging to 1 families were determined. As the result of Shannon Wiener species richness index analysis, species richness was found highest in may (H’=2,29). The least index value was found in september (H’=1). As the result of Sorenson Similaritiy İndex Sation I and II’s similarity was found highest with 74%and lowest value was recorded between stations I and IV with 69%. The dominant zooplankton species,Polyarthra dolichoptera was riched its maximum relative density with 73.4% in July. Among all zooplanktonRotifera was reptesented with 86.5%, Cladocera 10% and Copepoda 3.5% percentage. Key Words: Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera, Orduzu Lake VI TABLO LİSTESİ Tablo 3.1. Orduzu Göleti’nde Aylık Sıcaklık Değişimleri ........................................ 16 Tablo 3. 2. Orduzu Göleti’nde pH Değişimleri.......................................................... 16 Tablo 3. 3. Orduzu Göleti’nde Çözünmüş Oksijen Değişimleri ................................. 17 Tablo 3. 4. Orduzu Göleti’nde tespit edilen zooplanktonun 1. istasyondaki dağılımları .............................................................................................. 22 Tablo 3.5. Orduzu Göleti’nde tespit edilen zooplanktonun 2.istasyondaki dağılımları .............................................................................................. 23 Tablo 3.6. Orduzu Göleti’nde tespit edilen zooplanktonun 3. istasyondaki dağılımları .............................................................................................. 24 Tablo 3.7. Orduzu Göleti’nde tespit edilen zooplanktonun 4. İstasyondaki dağılımları .............................................................................................. 25 Tablo 3.8. Orduzu Göleti’nde tespit edilen zooplanktonun nisbi yoğunluğu ............. 36 Tablo 3.9. Orduzu Göleti Zooplanktonunun İstasyonlara Göre Dağılımı .................. 33 Tablo 3.10. Orduzu Göleti’nde toplam zooplanktonun aylık dağılımı (birey/ m3) ve H’: Tür zenginliği indeksi değerleri .................................................... 32 VII ŞEKİL LİSTESİ Şekil 2.1. Orduzu Göleti ve Örnekleme İstasyonları .................................................. 13 Şekil 3.1. Rotifera Türlerinin Mevsimsel Değişimi ................................................... 37 Şekil 3.2. Cladocera Türlerinin Mevsimsel Değişimi................................................. 37 Şekil 3.3. Copepoda Türlerinin Mevsimsel değişimi ................................................. 38 Şekil 3.4. Orduzu Göleti’nde yaşayan Rotifera, Cladocera ve Copepoda türlerinin mevsimsel değişiminin karşılaştırılması ....................................
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