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Timon of Athens: Know-The-Show Guide — 1 The Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey TIMON OF ATHENS: Know-the-Show Guide — 1 Know-the-Show Support Materials compiled and arranged by the Education Department of The Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey The Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey In This Guide:TIMON OF ATHENS: Know-the-Show Guide — 2 Director’s Notes .......................................................................................p1 Timon of Athens: A Synopsis....................................................................p2 Who’s Who in Timon of Athens ...............................................................p3 About the Playwright ...............................................................................p4 Mysteries Surrounding Timon .................................................................p5 About this Production .............................................................................p6 Timon After Timon: Sources of Timon of Athens .....................................p9 Money Matters in Timon of Athens .......................................................p10 Timon of Athens: A Production History .................................................p11 Commentary and Criticism ....................................................................p12 Further Reading .....................................................................................p14 About The Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey .........................back cover Cover Photo: Ryan Maxwell – about.me/rmaxwell The Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey TIMON OF ATHENS: Know-the-Show Guide DIRECTOR’S NOTES: Timon of Athens Many questions surround William Shakespeare’s Timon of Athens. When was it written? Why is there no record of even a single performance of the play during Shakespeare’s lifetime? Why is the traditional structure of act breaks discarded in favor of an episodic style? Why are so many of the characters left unnamed, having only their title as an identifier (i.e. Lord 1, Steward, Senator 1, Dancer 2)? Then there are the deeper questions surrounding its titular character. Is Timon a victim, a hero or an anti-hero? Is he completely oblivious to the corruption that surrounds him? Is he culpable in the creation of the “forest of beasts” that Athens has become? How did he come by all his wealth? Is his transformation from utopic optimist to vitriol-spewing misanthropist real? If so, is it possible to believably perform that transformation? And one can’t leave out the frequent scholarly debate: was some or all of it written by someone other than Shakespeare? These questions (and numerous others found in the play) captivated me when I first picked it up in 2008. We were looking for a final project for ourSummer Professional Training Program students to explore. Each year our students study, stage and perform an hour-long cutting of one of Shakespeare’s lesser-known works. We had already tackled Henry VI part 1 and part 3 and The Winter’s Tale and it seemed “time for Timon.” The financial crisis that the country was beginning to face at the time certainly enhanced its relevance and resonance, but I ultimately selected the piece for the wonderful staging challenges it posed. To be quite frank, though I was intrigued on the first read, I was far from being what one would call a fan of the play. That quickly changed however, once I had a chance to explore the piece with a group of eager young actors. I was astounded how, in bringing the play to the stage, it took on a shimmering life for me. Questions about structure and extreme transformations were suddenly more easily addressed in the world of eccentric characters, garish wealth, crippling poverty, and friendship (both false and true) that I now saw tangibly before me. Athens was like a tarnished music box; a once lovely, though gaudy world of plenty and excess, dressed in mirrored sparkle and glitz, but held together by only smudges of glue and bits of wire. I was also compelled by the manner in which the play seemed to force the audience into the role of voyeurs, viewing the decadence and demise of its characters – almost as if one was watching a carnival side-show or dark vaudeville; titillating and entertaining, uncomfortable and sometimes distasteful, but impossible to turn away from. Many see Timon simply as an allegory about the themes of excessiveness and greed. I think, upon closer examination, it speaks also to and far more deeply about the fragility of the human heart, earnestness, loyalty and the ability of one man to affect an entire society – for good or for bad. What should someone take away from this production? Is there a singular core message one must hear? Are we the flattering lords, the self-serving senators, the voracious debt-collectors, the noble friend, the wide-eyed cynic, the wronged hero, the raging misanthrope, or the ever-loyal servant? Look into the acid-cracked mirror of Athens and see what reflects back as you add these questions to the list one is faced with when considering Timon of Athens. To the question: ‘Is this play relevant for our times?’; I will answer: ‘Undeniably yes!’ “One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men. No machine can do the work of one extraordinary man.” - Elbert Hubbard -1- The Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey TIMON OF ATHENS: Know-the-Show Guide Timon of Athens: A Synopsis As the play opens, a Poet and a Painter wait outside the home outside Timon’s gates. Furious at being locked in his home, of Lord Timon along with numerous other craft smen in hopes Timon emerges only to be accosted by the collectors. Seeing of gaining patronage from the famous philanthropist. As they the two-faced nature of his supposed friends, Timon orders discuss the noble lord, they witness numerous senators leaving Flavius to invite them all once more to a special banquet for the home and many lords entering. The Poet claims that it is which Timon will provide the meal. Timon’s generosity and power that draws so many people from all walks of life to him. As Alcibiades seeks aid from the Senate for his friend, the senators banish him from Athens. He vows to return and take Eventually Timon enters in conversati on with a servant seeking revenge on his homeland. assistance for Venti dius, a lord of Athens who has been sent to debtors’ prison. Timon pays the debt and then promises As the guests arrive for Timon’s mysterious feast, they proclaim additi onal aid to his friend. A wealthy Old Athenian arrives regrets for their inability to aid the lord. Timon enters and seeking Timon’s assistance in stopping a romance between his invites his guests to dine, but they soon discover that Timon has daughter and one of Timon’s servants. Instead, Timon off ers to prepared a banquet of stones for his false-friends. As the guests make his servant the Athenian’s fi nancial equal so that the two react in confusion, Timon begins att acking them and rushes out young lovers can be together. As Timon turns his att enti ons claiming his hatred for all humanity. Flavius vows to seek out to the gathered arti sans outside his home, he pays the poet, and follow his fallen master. painter and jeweler for “gift s” they have brought him. Seeking isolati on in a cave far from Athens, the broken Timon Into this merry fl ow of money enters Apemantus, a cynic searches for food. Ironically he uncovers a large sum of gold, philosopher who berates the gathered Athenians as well as for which he curses the gods. While in his hermitage, Timon Timon for his blind generosity. A drum announces the arrival of is visited by Alcibiades (who has gathered a rag-tag army for Captain Alcibiades, a friend of Timon’s, and everyone is invited his att ack on Athens) and Apemantus. He curses them both to a feast. and sends them away. Flavius fi nds his master and off ers him conti nued service. Moved by his loyalty, Timon gives Flavius At the banquet, Venti dius (newly freed from debtors’ prison) gold on the conditi on that the steward reject all mankind and off ers to repay Timon’s generosity twice over, but Timon is generous to none. The Poet and the Painter then seek out refuses, insisti ng that true friendship repays itself. As the guests Timon, hearing that he has gold. Timon plays along with their prepare to dine, Apemantus off ers a dark prayer att acking charade for a short ti me, but then drives them off . The fi nal the self-centered nature of the Athenians. Cupid arrives with visitors to Timon include members of the senate who have been dancers to entertain Timon and his guests, for which service the brought by Flavius. They off er Timon their sincere apologies, lord pays them. In response to gift s given to him at the party, fi nancial security, power and love. For a moment Timon is Timon pays the givers sums far exceeding the value of the gift s moved by their off er, unti l he discovers that they have merely rendered. As the guests leave, Apemantus warns Timon once fl att ered him in hopes that he will prevent Alcibiades’ att ack on again that his friends are not sincere and that Timon will soon the city. He sends them away and fades away into his cave. lose everything. Timon rejects Apemantus’ advice and leaves. Alcibiades’ army arrives at the gates of Athens. As part of a Elsewhere in Athens, a Senator uncovers Timon’s ever-growing bargain made with certain members of the senate, he vows to debts and, convinced that the lord will soon be broke, sends a spare the innocent and spend his rage only on those who have servant to collect money owed by Timon. The servant, along wronged him and Timon. with two other collectors, meet Timon as he returns from hunti ng with friends, and insist on immediate repayment. At Timon’s cave, Flavius discovers an epitaph writt en by the Flavius, Timon’s steward, turns the collectors away as he speaks now-dead Timon.
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