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Contributo Para O Projecto De Matata: Estudos Sobre a Bacia Hidrográfica Da Ribeira Gomai; Recuperação Da Estação De Benefício De Café

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Contributo Para O Projecto De Matata: Estudos Sobre a Bacia Hidrográfica Da Ribeira Gomai; Recuperação Da Estação De Benefício De Café East Timor Agriculture Network and Virtual Library Rede agrícola e biblioteca virtual de Timor Leste Documento:TA050 CONTRIBUTO PARA O PROJECTO DE MATATA: ESTUDOS SOBRE A BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DA RIBEIRA GOMAI; RECUPERAÇÃO DA ESTAÇÃO DE BENEFÍCIO DE CAFÉ. Author: LUÍS MARIA SARDINHA D’OLIVEIRA DE SENA ESTEVES Date: 2003 Published by: Unpublished Summary This report is the result of an internship in Timor-Leste at the Portuguese Agricultural Mission, between February and August 2002. The author carried out an extensive research into unpublished climate data which are presented as annex. The report presents a broad characterization of Timor-Leste, with a thorough climatic characterization and classification. The data employed in this characterization was compiled from INMG (Portuguese Institute for Meteorology). With this data a new Schmidt & Ferguson climatic classification is presented, which due to the use of longer data series, has resulted in different values from previous studies. The second part is a study on Gomai’s watershed, in the suco of Matata, where a rural development project in being deployed. A detailed study of the hydrology of this watershed is presented, in order to provide the technical basis for the implementation of the project. Finally is presented a report on the part of the Matata project that is already concluded. This project is related to the rehabilitation of a Coffee breeding Centre and all the associated infrastructure. Resumo Este trabalho é o resultado de um estágio realizado em Timor-Leste, na Missão Agrícola Portuguesa (MAPTL) entre Fevereiro e Agosto de 2002. O autor realizou uma pesquisa extensiva dos dados climáticos ainda não publicados que apresenta em anexo. Em primeiro lugar é feita uma caracterização geral do território, dando especial ênfase à caracterização do clima. Foi feita uma classificação climática mais completa que as anteriores, visto que é baseada em séries de dados muito mais extensas. Posteriormente é feita uma análise e caracterização da bacia hidrográfica da ribeira Gomai, no suco de Matata, onde está em fase de aplicação um projecto de desenvolvimento rural da MAPTL (projecto de Matata). Apresenta-se com pormenor um estudo da hidrologia desta bacia hidrográfica, de modo a fornecer dados para uma melhor implementação do referido projecto. Por ultimo, é apresentado um relatório de parte do projecto de Matata já concluído. Este relatório está relacionado com a reconstrução de uma Estação de Melhoria do Café, e de todas as infra-estruturas de apoio à mesma.. Rezumu KONTRIBUTU BA PROJETU IHA MATATA: ESTUDU KONA-BA BASIA IDROGRÁFIKA HUSI MOTA GOMAI; REKUPERASAUN BA ESTASAUN BENEFÍSIU KAFÉ NIAN. Relatóriu ida-ne’e rezultadu husi estájiu ida ne’ebé realiza iha Timor Leste, iha Misaun Agríkula Portugeza (MAPTL) iha fulan-Fevereiru to’o Agostu iha Tinan 2002. Autór halo peskiza ida estensiva husi dadus klimátiku sira ne’ebé seidauk halo publikasaun no aprenzenta iha aneksu Ba dala uluk halo karakterizasaun jeral kona-ba territóriu ne’e, fó atensaun espesiál liu ba karakterizasaun klima. Halo tiha ona klasifikasaun klimátika ne’ebé kompletu liu ida uluk, ida ne’ebé bazeia liu ba iha série husi dadus ne’ebé naruk liu. Tuir fali halo análize ho karakterizasaun basia idrográfika husi mota Gomai nian, iha suku Matata, iha faze aplikasaun ba projetu dezenvolvimentu rurál ida husi MAPTL (projetu Matata). Aprezenta mós estudu idrolojia ne’ebé detalladu husi basia ne’e, hodi fó dadus ba implementasaun projetu ne’ebé di’ak liu. Ikusliu aprezenta mós relatóriu ida kona-ba projetu Matata nian ne’ebé konkluidu ona. No relatóriu ida-ne’e sei relasiona ho rekonstrusaun ba Estasaun hadi’a liután kafé ho infra-estruturas ba estasaun ida-ne’e. Disclaimer: The availability of a digital version of this document does not invalidate the copyrights of the original authors. This document was made available freely in a digital format in order to facilitate its use for the economic development of East Timor. This is a project of the University of Évora, made possible through a grant from the USAID, East Timor. info: [email protected] UNIVERSIDADE TÉCNICA DE LISBOA INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE AGRONOMIA CONTRIBUTO PARA O PROJECTO DE MATATA: ESTUDOS SOBRE A BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DA RIBEIRA GOMAI; RECUPERAÇÃO DA ESTAÇÃO DE BENEFÍCIO DE CAFÉ. RELATÓRIO DO TRABALHO DE FIM DE CURSO ENGENHARIA AGRONÓMICA LUÍS MARIA SARDINHA D’OLIVEIRA DE SENA ESTEVES ORIENTADOR: PROFESSOR FRANCISCO RAMOS BISCA ORIENTADOR EXTERNO: ENGº NUNO MOREIRA LISBOA 2003 Resumo Este trabalho é o resultado de um estágio realizado em Timor-Leste, na Missão Agrícola Portuguesa (MAPTL), integrado no Projecto de Ermera. Em primeiro lugar é feita uma caracterização geral do território, dando especial ênfase à caracterização do clima. Foi feita uma classificação climática mais completa que as anteriores, visto que é baseada em séries de dados muito mais extensas. Posteriormente é feita uma análise e caracterização da bacia hidrográfica da ribeira Gomai, no suco de Matata (divisão administrativa), onde está em fase de aplicação um projecto de desenvolvimento rural da MAPTL (projecto de Matata). Neste capítulo, foca-se com pormenor a hidrologia desta bacia hidrográfica, com o intuíto de fornecer dados para uma melhor implementação do referido projecto. Por ultimo, é apresentado um relatório de parte do projecto de Matata já concluído. Este relatório diz respeito à reconstrução e melhoria de uma Estação de Benefício do Café (EBC), e de todas as infra-estruturas de apoio à mesma. Faz-se especial referência aos problemas encontrados nesta fase de implementação do projecto, tal como as soluções adoptadas para a sua resolução. Palavras chave: Timor-Leste; Clima; Hidrologia; Matata; Café; Infra-estrutura. ÍNDICE GERAL Índice de quadros Índice de figuras Capítulo I – Introdução e Objectivos____________________________________________ 2 1 Introdução __________________________________________________________ 2 2 Objectivos do trabalho _________________________________________________ 4 Capítulo II – Garacterização geral de Timor-Leste ________________________________ 5 1 Breve descrição da republica de Timor-Leste _______________________________ 5 1.1 Enquadramento geral________________________________________________ 5 1.2 História ___________________________________________________________ 6 2 Espaço natural _______________________________________________________ 7 2.1 Geologia __________________________________________________________ 7 2.1.1 Geomorfologia _______________________________________________________ 8 2.2 Solos ____________________________________________________________ 10 2.2.1 Descrição __________________________________________________________ 10 2.2.2 Distribuição ________________________________________________________ 12 2.3 Clima____________________________________________________________ 14 2.3.1 Climatologia Sinóptica________________________________________________ 14 2.3.2 Climatologia Dinâmica _______________________________________________ 16 2.3.3 Classificação Climática _______________________________________________ 20 3 Caracterização sócio-económica ________________________________________ 24 3.1 A componente humana _____________________________________________ 24 3.2 Condições de habitabilidade _________________________________________ 25 3.3 Sectores de actividade e sua distribuição________________________________ 26 3.3.1 Ocupação e uso do solo _______________________________________________ 27 3.3.2 Agricultura _________________________________________________________ 29 Capítulo III-Caracterização da sub-bacia da ribeira Gomai ________________________ 35 1 Descrição e localização _______________________________________________ 35 2 Geologia ___________________________________________________________ 35 1 3 Características geométricas ____________________________________________ 35 3.1 Índice de Gravelius (Kc) ____________________________________________ 36 3.2 Factor forma (Kf) __________________________________________________ 36 4 Características do sistema de drenagem __________________________________ 37 4.1 Densidade de drenagem _____________________________________________ 37 4.2 Percurso médio do escoamento superficial ______________________________ 37 4.3 Características do relevo ____________________________________________ 38 4.3.1 Curva hipsométrica __________________________________________________ 38 4.3.2 Perfil longitudinal do curso de água principal _____________________________ 38 4.3.3 Declive médio da bacia hidrográfica _____________________________________ 40 5 Solos ______________________________________________________________ 41 5.1 Classificação______________________________________________________ 41 5.2 Ocupação dos solos ________________________________________________ 42 6 Clima______________________________________________________________ 43 6.1 Classificação climática______________________________________________ 43 6.1.1 Classificação de Shmidt & Ferguson ____________________________________ 43 6.1.2 Classificação de Thornthwaite__________________________________________ 43 7 Caracterização e análise hidrológica_____________________________________ 46 7.1 Análise de frequência da precipitação máxima diária _____________________ 46 7.1.1 Teste dos extremos locais ______________________________________________ 49 7.1.2 Função densidade de probabilidade (fdp) _________________________________ 50 7.1.3 Estimação dos parâmetros _____________________________________________ 51 7.1.4 Teste do C2 _________________________________________________________
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