The Incredible Mysteriously Magical House Sparrow Reproductive System

This presentation was crafted by Derek Argall Female Sparrow Reproductive System ● Cloaca ○ Internal chamber that releases the egg ○ The opening where the sperm is injected ● Infundibulum ○ Captures the ovulated egg ○ Fertilization occurs here ● Magnum ○ Holds the egg while it is given albumen, sodium, magnesium, and calcium ○ Lasts 3 hours Female Sparrow Reproductive System Cont. ● Isthmus ○ Shell membrane is formed ○ Lasts 75 minutes ● Uterus ○ Holds the egg while it is filled with fluid ○ Lasts 20-26 hours ● Vagina ○ Lays the egg ○ The egg moves through the vagina rapidly Male Sparrow Reproductive System

● Deferent Duct ○ Moves the sperm from the testes to the cloaca ○ Equivalent to the penis in mammals but on the inside of the body ● Testes ○ Creates sperm ○ One cubic millimetre of semen contains 3-5 million sperm Male Sparrow Reproductive System Cont.

● Cloaca ○ Releases the sperm into the female ○ Rubbed against the female's cloaca in order to transfer the sperm Time Is Of The Essence

● The breeding season of the sparrow occurs once a year ● A female lays about 4-5 eggs per season ○ The amount could be higher but sparrows nurture and feed their young ● It takes only 25 hours for an egg to be laid after fertilization

MATING TIME! Internal vs. External Fertilization

● Internal Fertilization ○ Male gives sperm directly inside the female ○ The egg is fertilized inside the female ○ Sparrows fertilize internally ● External Fertilization ○ Egg is fertilized outside of the female ○ Seen in water dwelling creatures such as amphibians and fish Life Cycle Of The Sparrow

1. Inside egg for about a month 2. Hatches and becomes a hatchling a. Remains in the nest while it is fed and feathers fully develope 3. When the sparrow takes its first flight it becomes a fledgling a. The feathers are now fully developed b. Continues to be fed by parents 4. Mature Bird! a. Able to fly and leave the nest b. Mates and the cycle continues STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS

● Feathers are light and body's aerodynamic allowing for better flight ● Beak is made of Keratin making it lighter than a jaw of bone ○ Sparrow eats seeds so the beak is short and pointed ● Bones have the same structure as a honeycomb making them light yet stable ● Speedy digestive system ● Feathers provide warmth at low temperatures Adaptations to the Reproductive System

● They are vertebrates yet do not give live birth ● Only one ovary and oviduct ○ less stuff makes lighter bird, lighter bird makes faster bird ● The reproductive structures are destroyed and remade during the nonbreeding season NICHE ● Most abundant songbird due to its ability to live with humans ● Found across all of North America ● Aggressive, adaptable, and tough ● Survives in cities and in rural areas ● Its pretty song can be heard everywhere you go! END CREDITS... http://www.poultryhub.org/physiology/body-systems/reproductive-system/ https://www.tes.com/lessons/fjR_d7QeOggLrw/budding-internal-fertilization-external-fertilization http://www.tnbirds.org/downloads/p8-9_BirdsLifeCycle.pdf http://sunny.moorparkcollege.edu/~econnolly/F09BirdL24.htm https://fishandgame.idaho.gov/sites/Wildlife/IDMasterNaturalist/Boise/Wildlife%20Articles/Biological%20and%20Physi ological%20Adaptations%20of%20Birds.pdf http://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/house-sparrow http://www.birdsnways.com/wisdom/ww32eiv.htm