DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 104 796 95 SO 008 294

AUTHOR Malone, Helen TITLE Socialism. Grade Ten, Unit Two, 10.2. Comprehensive Social Studies Curriculum for the Inner City. INSTITUTION Youngstown Board of Education, Ohio. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Jun 71 NOTE 76p.; For related documents see ED 070 693 and SO 008 22 through SO 008 300; Best copy available

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$4.43 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Case Studies; Economic Education; *Government Role; Grade 10; Learning Activities; Political Science; Politics; Secondary Education; *Socialism; *Social Studies Units; Teaching Techniques; *Urban

Education - IDENTIFIERS Elementary Secondary Education Act Title III; FICSS; Focus on Inner City Social Studies; GreatBritain; Israel; Sweden

ABSTRACT The socialism unit of the tenth grade level of the FICSS series (Focus on Inner City Social Studies -- see SO 008 271) explores a selected history of socialist thought and the thecretical model of socialism. Three case studies of socialism are explored: Great Britain, Sweden, and Israel. The case studies are designed to answer questions concerning the what, how, how- much, and for whom of production. The intent of the unit is to allow students to place the socialist concept into its proper perspective, to understand it, and compare it to other forms of government. The content of the document includes an introduction to the unit; essential materials for teaching the unit; suggested teaching procedures and strategies; knowledge, skill, and behavioral objectives; learning activities; and supplementary readings for both students and teachers. (JR) oc-eP SOCIALISM e U S OEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.NATIONALEOUCATION INSTITUTE & WELFARE OF EOUCATION ED1047 6 OUCEDTHETHIS PERSONEXACTLY DOCUMENT OR AS ORGANIZATION RECEIVEDHAS BEEN FROMREPRO ORIGIN GRADE TEN, UNIT T'W 0 A TING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS "Comprehensi Social StUdieS Curriculum for the according toas .t[l& developed by 10.2 Inner City" EDUCATIONSENTSTATED OFFICIAL DO NOTPOSITION NATIONAL NECESSARIT OR POLICYINSTITUTE Y REPRE OF (Focus on Inner City SocialMelvin Studies) Arnoff, Project Director Kent StateAssociate University Prpfessor Project FICSS 00 Laurence Pennell Helen MaloneUnit EditorAuthor YoungstOwpMansfieldAkronCantonParticipating School Districts and Superintendents Mr.Dr. RobertConrad HenryRichard E.C.Kurdziel VieringGlassOtt TheHealth, work presentedEducation, or and reported Welfare. herein-*le wasU. S.performed Office ofpursuant Education to aand grant no officialfrom the endorsementU. S. Office by of the Education, U. S. Office Department of Education of snould be inferred. However, the opinions expressed herein Youngstowndo not necessarily Diocese reflIct the position or policy Msgr. Wm. A. Hughes L BEST COPY Project No. 6090 June, 1971 AVA LABLE PROJECT FICSS Project FICSS is a Federally funded investigation sponsored by the U.S. Office of Education FOCUS ON INNER CITY SOCIAL STUDIES C4CD0 Purposesunderto conclude Title 111 in ofJune the 1971. Elementary and Secondary EducationAccording Act.to the project proposal, the purposes of this investigation are: It began on June 12, 1968 and is 3.2.1. to to promotedevelop construct innew selected amaterials K-12 inner central and/or andcurriculum,city city instruction adaptsocial school available studiesto fieldsystemswhich curriculum, materials testis change iniaccord these indesigned materials, social with tothestudies implement andneeds revise curriculum and the problemsthem new as necessary.of an urban scciety. project,thenortheasternOrganization directorship the five Ohio districtof school Dr. Melvin districts,social Arnoff studies Akron, of coordinatorsKent Canton, StateThe Mansfield, University, grantworked was in and awarded concertthe the original Youngstown toto theselect designerYoungstown Diocese. of Publicthe Schools in conjunction with four other a five-man Under incurriculumstudiesduringteam curriculum from the which eachdesignacademic theory helpedschool for year. and preparethedistrict. the inner problemsthem city. fdr ofthe the challenging inner city. task of developing As a group they received the necessary input and participatedThese in teams met together full time in the In order to do this they needed to become kfibwledgeable a socialstudies summers and part-time Temporary Products developed for use by werecurriculuminthe theintendedschools direction of duringas the temporary of participatingthe providing ensuing someyear. schools modest to At the end of the first summer materials. of study, some materialsThese, (units)however,They were wereare nodesigned longer toin meet correctionsbetter within balance the prevailingthe treatment specific immediate needs print since ofthey minority groups. social studies systemsDeveloping had thearrived Curriculum at a tentative Design K - 12 Following a series of conferences held during 1968-69 curriculum design. the unit writers from This design was reviewed the five school revised by lay C:0CD partsacrosanct.curriculumand expandedprofessionaland parcel design to ofinclude persons wasothers, finalized more as some welldetailed lackedon as April a outlines60 14,man 1970.Board of As the writing of individual units progressed, sufficient content to stand on their own, the specificof unitsReactors. ofEven each, this design, however, it beckhe clear that some It was subsequently grade level. has not been and others units were The O Unitthecould Developmentproduct be better of investigation,written by revising speculation, the intended review, content. and revision in accord with The final design, therefore, practicalunits intended pedagogy. is sixnoas longerfirst-aidunits wereavailable. to developed the obviously to be unbalancedclassroom tested duringAfterAs was thethe indicated major portion above, ofthe the first curriculum productS design of was curricula of the, participating this project were temporary completed during1969-70 the academic summer year. schools. These are Sufficient of 1969, thedatato aims permitwere of collected judiciousthe curriculum. on revision these units of the as materialsthey affected towardThe classroom majormaking portion of unit writing was achieved during the summer them more effective inachievement and attitudinal in accord with theof 1970. During this time, realizing April 14, changes preparedofall19711970 the of design.school1970the for previously seven-week utilizationyear. preparedwriting in 108 session.unitsclassrooms were revisedin the fiveor modified participating to.be Approximately SO of the 69 units of the K - 12 design were Thirty-six of these units were throughly districts during the prepared by the end edited and 1970- Evaluation The effect. of these materials was evaluated via a design developed in accord with guidelines Whilepriorofspecified Education. theto andbycumulative thefollowing Division effects the of teachingRoser.i,ch of these of ,Pfariningunits the firstwas andbeing semester The design called for the administration of an unit was being gained through the administration 'Development of the Ohioevaluated State inDepartment one set of classrooms, units at each grade level, grades 1-12.attitude and an achievement test of achiev- CDCD mentationsa modest (Althoughpost-tests obviated idea a of following pre-testthis the possibility.)effect post-testthe ofteaching each design of would have been individual units in a second set of classrooMs. preferred, fundamental and other considers cnCDCD collectedinanalyzedRefining many classrooms, andthedue utilizedCurriculumto financial however, in Designunit restraints complete revision. and Units anddata the on improbabilitythe Aftereffectiveness the first semester units were classroom implemented The units developed for the recond semester were of immediately utilizing theand evaluated,of these the materialsdata were were not data used Utilizationfor (Aunit three-year revision of the project prior'FICSS'Currio-luf-. to life-span the legally is tesignthe imposed maximum and.Units concluding allowed by'ether under SchoolTitie date of the Project, June 11, 1971. 111.) Dittricts theFICSS curriculum andGradesmakesthe aspirations front aK- significant 12. pages of of the contributionthe peoples newspapers, of toward America, to understanddeveloping and to betheaIt relevantable varietyis theto deal firmsocialof ethnic intelligentlyconviction of theioject staff and unit writers that Relevancy here. refers to the ability of a curriculum to enable studies curriculum inand national pupils to comprehendwith the, public cultures FICSStoand,and use personal shouldwill these truly theyinissues parthavefind which orservedmaterials in aretotal, as germaine anin toexemploryharmony adopt to alland/orwith project. of their theseConsequently,adapt view areas.them of as what every is school system is encouraged to review the products of they see fit.. This way Project needed in the curriculum, Project FICSS ' INTRODUCTION Ofpervasive all the basesand demanding. of power, those which take the form of economic and/or political systems are the most We who CherTsh freedom must recognize that when one is born into a system Scope of the Tenth Grade Curriculum ordifficult smallInIsit theischanged group difficulttocase suchandof economics thustoas recognizewith do not theand demand current,politics,the freecoms Ilational everiments however, and concurence constraints with concensus modified to whiChtheor familymajorityvalues it allows units.being persuasion the sought individUal.Thus isby necessarythe 'deviants.' itand is thus modify that system better to serve man. The smaller the institution, the more easily it But these are individual tendofverySo their longdifficultto function funCtiohingias our to political andattain. malfunction and economic as they systems are affected.by serve us well,internal there and is external little needforces. to knowThus theit isintracacies incumbent The problem is, that all political and economic systems, like all things human, _a) O weaknessessystem,theytheupon bestmustthe to ofschoolsbeknow 'fOreign'alternativesure. about to preparerepresentative ideas political" andcitizens reject economic governments who concepts are syStemS. aware withwhich of the strengths and weaknesses of their political But th.nt is not sufficient. They must also be knowledgeablea ofmodified the strengths appearcapitalistic to and leadOnly economy. towardin that undesireable Alsoway canthey they must results. intelligently Thus accept o anSpecificallyknow oligarchical about representative the form units of communismof this gradesuch as might be practiced in the V.S.S.R; or China. governments with :a modified socialistic economy. are: Finally they must know about 10.310.210.1 Political-Economic:Political-Ecomonic: SocialismCapitalism (6 weeks)(8 weeks) 10;5.10.4 WorldModifying trade our Politico-Economic Realities (6 weeks) Communism (6 weeks) (4 weeks) Pg. 2 Scope of the Tenth Grade Curriculum wouldeachbetweenseparately.No doubt, leadunit. governments toit thewould ,development-of haveand economicbeen an aneasiersystems. inadequate task to perception have written by thematerial student on ofgovernment the interrelationships and economics This alternative, however, was not selected since it was believed that such a course Thus both elements are considered within the scope of This unit Is the second unit in the tenth grade. Scope of this Unit 110.2)' "Socialism" It is preceeded by a unit on theoretical and practical andThiscapitalitth inthe unit the realities onSoviet and socialism democracy Unionandof the explores democraticandChina. is afollowed selected parliamentary by history a unit governmentsonof theoreticalsocialist and thought, andsocialist practical, the economics theoretical communism of Greatmodel as practiced Britain,of socialism, theseThereSweden, areis and deslenedin Israel. this unit,to answer three the case three studies basic of questions socialism: of both economics and political science namely: Too, it includes.a discussion of socialism in the United States. Great Britain, Sweden, and Israel. . Each of OC:C: andHowWhatFor much shouldwhom should shall be produced beit produced?be produced? and how? GOCD The best way to build an even better America is through knowledgeHowWho mayenforcesmakes andrules the an theberules?informed modified?rules? vision of what is aboutfrequentlythattheand what tarICA7firperspective everythese can beAmerican alternativesbe. brought who to trulywillhis is ears toheloves studybe via ablehis the it. countryto news make media mustconsidered andknow other the choices. realitiessources. of the alternatives which will The unknown often sounds much more glamourous than it truly is. This is the intent of this unit on socialism. Only by being well informed The best way to place It is believed INTRODUCTION Suggested" Teaching, Procedures and Introductory Activities Introduction to a Unit Teaching Strategy Incorporated in rtcss Units consistent with the "learn by doing" theories of JohnTeaching1. Dewey Procedureswhich have been corroborated byThese Piaget. units are based on a depth study strategy approach. It is felt that this method is whichcategorized.questions excite serve the interestas an introduction of the student to the and cause him3.2. to ask questions about the The students,basic steps for this stategy consist of introductoryEach student activities contributes conducted to bythe the committee teacher work in his orking in groups, or individually, research the questions they have raised and scope of the topic. own special way and at the new study. These CD northesestudiessame would time experiences education thedevelops data is studentsnecessarilythe that ability which would beto-lf; notpresentedwork directed necessarily in a togrouptoward them. besituation. 4.pi-ovtdins told the meaninginquiry ofexperiences the data forthey wouldOne of the most easily recognized trends in the development of They would have to search for it and to bring recent thought in social the pupil. encounter in 4D andmeaningproposed inrestructure an to overview herethat istheirwhich andin concertinformation.theyhelps found. them with gain the perspectivespirit of inquiry.5. When the group prepares its presentation for the class, they have From thisAfter description, hearing eachthen, of it the is presentationsseen where the the depth teacher study leads strategy the class many occasions to review activity.toreusehypotheses recall of acquiredand and use generalizations. theinformation. new data. Although each of these activities is. somewhat different, The student,AgainEach then, thetime, is facts involvedof course,and understandingsare,usddin theno lessinformation than three is called opportunitiesto!davelop for in the culminating on the topic. The facts gained are used to devel&p they all are forms of review or a new context. callorTheAlso, filmstrip. classupon however, himcould to the conceivablyshow teacher slides isask the the teacher 6. In a depth study approach, the teacher If the teacher has had special experiences which or to deliver a special talk.* most readily available resource person, both for process and content. to talk to them about a specific topic assumesor to discuss the role a filmof the structurer of learning activities. are pertinent to the study, the class may *Information taken from .a monograph by Dr. Melvin Arnoff. .TEACHING STRATEGY INCORPORATED AN OUTLINE OF A INTO FICSS UNITS I. introduction PHASE Motivation of students PURPOSE Raising Questions of rwestions by students OrganizationListing students' of Ideas. questions Experience IACD III. IV. CategorizationFoemIng and' nttructing Committees ends.Groupingforin critical learning for socialthinking. upon theor psychologicalshoulders of Placement of responsibility 0 A. Tasks Todefining,students. lettheir student own pursuing, study. know they and arereporting 8. Roles Tosmall'deilred aidthe studentsresponsibilities groups organizational andin Identifyingto help andschemes them behaviors definefor C. Methods of Researching Information Toor leadersaidinformation.ing, students organizing and group In locating,and members. presenting record- PURPOSE V. Information Retrieval PHASE To allowto answer students their the own opportunity questions, to developemployTological develop theircritical organization andlibrary rehearsethinking skills, of theand data. topresenta- VII. VI. PerspectiveCommittee Reports and overview whichTotion hear hasto the thesought reports class. answers of each to committee the VIII. IX. CulminatingDeveloping ExperiencesHypotheses and Generalizations committeeToquestionsnesses integrate and reports,of differencesthe findingsclass. to note when oftrends, thecompared like withTostudents.to studyother discover theexamples informationsome knownbasic byprintiplespresented the Tooperant.ofenhance gainthe socialfurther recall.* sciences perspective which and may to be ESSENTIAL SOURCE MATERIALS FOR TEACHERS AND PUPILS (FICSS KIT) Unit 10.2 1. AmericanH. Wayne Socialism Morgan (ed.) . . - Teacher Student 5 2. AmericanSpectrumRoy Ginger Social (ed.) Thought 1 3. TheHillRobert Guaranteedand Theoboldbang Income: (ed.) Next Step in the Socioceo-economic Revolution CD 4. HumanAnchor Rights in the United States 1 tOCD 5. OxfordIdealsIsadore Book andStarr CompanyIdeologies 6. WorldCiv/cHarveyIsrael, Publishing EducationEllis The Promised Service Land 5 7. PrenticeRobertThe Making Hellbroner Hall of an Economic Society 1 8. WashingtonProblemsPoverty andin SquareAmericanthe Poor Press Society Series 1 9.ESSENTIAL SOURCE MATERIAL MaxUniversalReflections Eastman Library on the Failure of Socialism PG, 2 Teacher Student 5 10. Response to industrialism UniversitySamuel P. Hayesof Chicago Press 1885-1914 1 12.11. Today's The Rise Isms of Organized Labor WilliomAmerican Ebeustein Education Publications 310 'CDCDCD i3. Voices of the Industrial' RevolutionUniversityJohnPrentice BOloditch Hallof Michigan(ed.) Press 2 14. Worldly Philosophers SimonRobert and Helibroner Schuster 1 15.FILMSTRIP The Welfare Dilemma Guidance associates 1 16.RECORD Norman Thomas Reminisces Social Studies School Service 1 TRANSPARENCY 3.2.1. EconomicEcenock Political SpectrumSpectrum Spectrum of the Ownership of Wealth MASTER (1) HANDOUTSESSENTIAL (Mimeo) SOURCE MATERIAL PG. 3 The above list of resources is not necessarily"Israel"The Swedish considered - Land Welfare of theUnlimited State""right" impossibilities" set for pupils to be able to thisavailMT:7Wunveilrepresentsfrom unit. availablethe contentsome the materials.bestcases, of availablethis FICSS unit. has set designed of resources transparencies for conducting to partiallythe learning fill experiences suggested in In truth, many of the kits have "holes" in that the right materials areRather not it represents the best 'set which unit writers could assemble a void. The kit then, Introduction Introduction to Project FICSS TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents EssentialIntroduction Source to MaterialsUnitTeachingTenth 10.2 Grade Strategies Curriculum ObjectivesIII.I. IntroductoryRaising Activities QuestionsCategorizing Questions 1211 91 V.Iv; CommitteeSuggested 12 Activities InformationInstructions Retrieval to Committees 241312a VI. CommitteeCommittee 54 3 Suggested Learning Activities 4944383529 X.VIII.VII.IX. Bibliography.Suggested CulminatingOverviewGeneralizations Activities 56545250 OBJECTIVES 1 TheKnowledge 1.pupil will know that: socialism is a term Of fairly recent origin and is used to describe an economic system as well as 2. states.attitudesInthe democratic terms and socialism projects zountries and Of iscommunismsocial different reorganization. should from the form of socialism practiced innever be used synonymously and socialism pros,-nt-day cohnnunist as pr.:I:tic:id 4.3. varyingassocialism western concepts containscivilization. of socialan element justice of protest have been expressed since the early history against social Inequality and in this ofrespect man. Is as old 6.5. Sirearlylife. Thomas Greek More's and'Judao-Christian Utopia thought alSo, rejected the concept of wealth as the basis of a good 7. antagotiNmsbetweehthesocialists. French Revolution, the richprovided and the developed a construct of a stimulant to thoughts of social reform because it focusedpoor. an ideal society that influenced many later on the 9.8. 'FOriermeansSaint ofadvocated,phalangeEpCooperative Simon production. wanted a transformed state to be controlled by the workers' associations. producers to plan and organize the 11.10. PierreFourleOs Proudhon ideas perMeated implacable hostility to government,and'private was an exponent of French socialism but called himself to the where organizers of Brook Farm property as basic social institutions. put them into practice.an Anarchist. He had an OBJECTIVES Knowledge (con'd) 2 13.12.rMikhall public reaction Bakunin, to a theRussian terror exile, tactics wasSignificantly ofan theAnarchist Anarchists inftuenced who advocatedled tomodern the revolt declineMarxists. against of their God theories.and State and 15:14. Jean JaUres felt that the change to waya new' of revol-tioli.orderIndustrialization would in England proved a great spur to the growth of ideas of social reorganization. come ,gradually by way of reform and not 12i 17.16. Robert Owen is regarded as the founderthe ofFrench British socialist socialism writers. and first coined theord "socialist" and used it in his magazine. was Influenced by the thinking of 15.18. Owen Owen established denounced privateseveral cooperativeHarmony, societies Indiana. property and desired a new society where community good would prevail. and In 1825 established one in the U.S. at New 21,2o. Christian ..otialiStSsocialists attemptedin England. to like formorder. Charles the"working unChristian Kingsley association" andspirit Frederick whichthat tolerated Milurice thewere appallingin revolt conditionsagainst in factories and workshops. would sow seeds for the new social 23.22. Karlconsumer Marx cooperativeswrote the.CoMmunist.Manifesto like Rochdale have survEved and descriVed his ideas of 'scientifi'c' socialism. more frequently than producers' cooperatives. b24. Marx25. was Marx influenced clained'his by the theories ideas ofwere "scientific""Christian"OWen,i2rOudhon, and contrastedor Experimental". and Bakunin. them with the "Utopian", "Anarchistic", many social reformers such as' Plato, More, Fourier, Hegel, .OBJECTIVES ;, 1cnowl'edge, IConi0I` were the founders 3 27.a.. 44,0§0s- it tnisfd',-,.finmnAndiVidwilandCiis,Ownarshi0 Shaw revolutionaryFabians insisted change.;Englaiiii:ighiCh,:ainied on the "inevitability and,'SidneY and Beatri -ce Webb to reorganiie and-veSt'theMAn sOCIety,,'hy the of gradualness" which conflicted iheCOmUnityemancipation early 'Cc,f for the generalland benefit. and ofwith Marx's insistence onthe ,Fabian. society industrial ,capital 29.28. the inFabians 1945, usedthe Labourtactics Party of "permeation" ,of the LaboUr Party won the election in Britain and was led by to convert key persons to socialism. a Fabian, Clement Atlee. IiiuGermianys majority s, revoiutiOnary ideas Ferdinand".and` was LaSSalles was were ,Fabians. , interested: in 'organiiing, workers a political party, disagreed . gditardAlarns,41,04,raSChange7,16=tG,eroany.,with, Party.,Marx' Influenced, ,by Fabian, essays prepared to ComprOmlie, and,,adVocated-'peaCefUl 'means ,His ,party became the Socia3 Democratic into securing '33; sOcial431 in the 'U.S. Me "))41:1' 'was ,known 1.1tOPIan,' as a. "r'ev'is'i'onist ": :for Social kevOlutIOn.,iaayIich Created',6*.frOntlets,',and Couid3e, COrge,,1,0,PrOgreis remedied, and early bll'Wrote that',0ierty made' ,SOCiallst, 'thought. rppti-Erou0er ,phalanges,,'WAS the Owen 'result villagc0 ,of liialadjUstment less,'aCceptrable. Ok4. t the, of society nclustrial i'artY in. taiiiitd:leetlainli,-,weate,Ot,natiOnalizattOffr,orithe:114. ,Was, .futiOn,,O.fliarsitt. and, 'Anarchist iridUstry, ,groUps and as 'the ,answer thoie groUps, advocating to .social .tiOrm.-cin,Thciffia*'ql,;001-*ArEugene Was ,114.*46*';'the,Oiliiiiii*:' of the?;'000161-1,St'''Parti the; 5°0140 st,party ,candidate 16'51* electIOnS 1,928-1948. 106 and in ,presidential caMpaigns. IJECtIVES .$40Wiedge (Con14) jliiAMeriCan40. society has accepted many ideas it forinerlyprinciplesocial denounced-as ownership in socialist socialism. or control countries. of basic industries and financial establishments is a fund:mental 42.41. resourcessocialistscooperativism under plan has capitailsm.social considerable valueas strengtha counter in to Scandinavia. 'market value' thckt determines the allocation of 1 43. 44, the Labour Party in England reflectedsocial' in.its order.growthsuppresssocialists it. attempt to avoid conditions that create or foster development the protest against the old inequality and promote conditions that ,46. Political-expediency caused socialists.a -,goattoObjected abandon of tofurther plansits-vol forsocialand icy further Of nationalizatiOo.economic nationalization justicetritiOl*clalist withinand work the for 1LabOOr),system of partyprivate lost property. eleCtiOntiO195t-1955 and 1959 becausatip part, people, 147:,48.,1Overnment '8ritalli is anIn example,England' ,of' exists a Parliamentary only comM04.conservative. government and so long as it, retains support of a majority of the House of has a twp party sy;tem LaboOr and 'goverriMeat.1Sraet is-'a OarliamentarY repOiliC but has,a,MultiOliCitydomtpant party in ISrael, of parties i.s the which Mapais resultS' or socialist tocoalItiorC ,party,. P'is Israelq,mbit distiflctive 'institution.. 'eaVOluntary-011ective agritulturatiSettTeMentIn which all property held In common, 5 53.52. ODJECTIVES priceSwedenin the supportis 'United a constitutional and States, minimum public wagemonarchy control,works, which old federal hasage successfullypensions, flood control public practiced andhOuSing, other a democratic unemploymentfederal aid form insurance,projectsKnowledge of socialism. are federal (conic!) 54. parliament),totheexamples support Swedish' of government. and socialisticgovernment a court system.ispractices similar notto thatcommonly of Great accepted Britain in Americanhaving a life.King, a Riksdag (bicameral it has many parties and like Israel is dependent upon coalitions 56.55. theinis SwedishinSweden contrast mostcabinet toof atheis more responsibleindustries laissez-faire havefor drawing notapproach been up nationaliZed ofthe capitalism.) five year although plans forthey economic have been development. made more (This 57. theneeds.socially Swedish responsive Labor Court through settles permitting diSputes worker concerning interaction interpretation in the management of collective role agreements.and in meeting consumer 59.58. Othertheinflation,like Israeli democraticother governMentandnations, productivitycountries socialist is aIt unicameral rates.has or acapitalistic, separate ParliaMentery judicial Israel republicsystem. has problems without with a written balance constitution. of trade deficits, Like 61.60. democraticanda moshav cooperative is socialist an Israelibuying nations andcooperative selling. have applied among farmpublic settlements ownership whiChto only is acharacterized segment of their by mutual economy. aid 63.62, byareKarlno the democracy notMarx's transition only emphasis morallyIn the to worldsocialismonquestionable 'class today whichstruggle practices and occurred humanly and pure violent inundesireable, capitalism Great revolution Britain, Orpure but as Sweden,of socialism.conditions doubtful and Israel. necessityfor hasic associal witnessed change SkillsOBJECTIVES 6 The 1.pupil will be able to: bias.read magazines and newspapers with discrimination recognizing differences in purpose and coverage and 3.2. comparedistinguish information between aboutfact anda topic opinion drawn and from identify two or both, more sources to recognize agreement or contradiction. 5.4. fromcompareextract the ormostevidence. contrast relevant attitudes information of men and or opinions groups studied and to answer questions raised for study. draw inferences and make generalizations 7.6. recognizesummarize thehis needfindings to change and reach conclusions conclusions. when new information calls for it. 9.8. usegatherreference the informationdictionary books. efficientlypertinent to choose appropriate meaning to his committee assignment using encyclopedias, periodicals and 11.10. useunderstand problem socialsolving studies techniques terms in and meeting increase societal vocabulary. or personal problems. for words in the context used. 13.12. accumulatelocate onsome a mapspecific some ofdate-events the major nations of the world where socialismas points is practiced.of orientation in time 7 TheAttitudesOBJECTIVES pupil will: (Continued) 2.1. believeclass,believe thatschool, that socialism social and in Justice hasout-of-school valuable Is a worthy ideals activities. goal but andthat it, concern for all man as evidenced by his behavior in like other forms of economic systems has its 3. believedifficultiesthe ideals that andsanein makingthe aspects realities. the of reality socialism conform should to bethe investigated theoretical toas determineevidenced theirby his feasibility ability to incite the both 4. expressionsandbelieveU.S. to system express, that of asit views avidencedthemis the aswhich rightevidenced by differ hisof allindependent byfrom Americanshis his behavior own researching to be able to investigate controversialIn class and outtopics of schooland views to permit and support of such topics as socialized medicine, etc. 5. and/Orasbelive evidenced his that willingness byAmerican his willingness democracyto allow andtoinherently find not only protect the rights of others to express these opinions. permits the exploration and expression of "different ideas" the bad points :and' the good points of socialist societies OBJECTIVESBehavior 8 The 1.pupil will: respond to the word "socialism" on an inteliectual rather than an emotional level. 3.2. carry out committee assignments. respect the opinions of others and listen to them. 5.4. takeunderstand notes whilethe necessity continuing for rules and to listen and observe. observe them. 7.6. acceptprofit fromrole criticism,as leader orsuggestions, follower as the occasion requires.and evidence change. 9.8. writetalk with in claritysentences, and pronounce words exactly, and enunciate clearly.exactness and develop an adequate vocabulary. 11.10. evaluateexchange hisideas role through discussion either as a ccmmittee member and his committee's as a leader or a participant. contribution to the solution of the problem. 7 StrategyI. Introductory Suggested introductory Learning Activities Activities MaterialsReminiscesNorman Thomas (FICSS KIT) ofpupilsa. socialism.to interestin the study theActivities A. politicalAskPlay isthe parts socialism? class:or ofeconomic the record IndicateWho thatwas thatthis man?is the area thought didlle represent? of Norman Thomas' thoughts. What position of of study What sufficientb.to to evoke provide questionsstimuli a toforto ask theanswer questions next during six weeks theabout course socialism of study. which and that the class. is they would like encouraged following about socialism. B. questions:DevelopI. a questionnaire What is socialism? which might include the Give3.2.4, the questionnaire to WhatHow woulddomajor you youcountriesfeel feel about about of the worldsocialism?the have class, tally the having socialism in the socialistic governments? results, and United States? ANDdiscussis VARYINGNOT themTO ANSWER OPINIONSwith theQUESTIONS ABOUTclass. provided WHATinBUT the ITTO kit15. NDICATE FEELINGS The ob ect of the (and others if they uestionnaire AB SOCIALISM C. Developconsiderationofarethe thinkingavailable). unit.and display of and questions answeringbooks Have the"puplis browse at which they would like to during the course of their the tables with the intent raise for study of D. TheTimesboards Israelteacher advertisingon utilizing themay politicalalso supplement currentwish to prepare on economic systemsmagazines of andGreat other literature. various nations, etc.) special displays or bulletin Britain, Sweden, and (See New York Strategy E. Display tables Learning Activities Materials 10 F. thesectionsome of ofthe this teacher might additional Materials may be enhancedunit. if 'the listed in the teacher collects resource whopoliticallyaskingrecited what theand represent Socialist theirwords wordsof economically. have other men who have shaped mean,thought and' play records on which He may select some of thesehistory, for theespecially are those class Strategy Learning Activities Materials 11 ofA. interestII. to pupils. to pose theRaisin questions Questions study,Aftertheactivities, displays thewhat teacher questions heand should haSother wouldcompleted askmaterials theyou pupilslikethe related variousto "Mow have that the class to this unit which we will introductory you have seen some of ofB. the unit. to structure the content Somesocialism?" of the questions pupils might raise are: answer about B.A, NowWhothoughts doesare thesocialism connected important with people the andhistory what of the socialist movement? operate in a democratic country.like England? are the important D.C. WhyWhatthe are aspectsgrave" socialistic welfareof the policiesAmericanpolicies? in Sweden called economy could be called socialistic? from the cradle to ofunits.TheseE. at areleast just forty sample What are kibbutzim? It is.hopod and expected that the students will questions. They are based on the content of the generate a list theyproblem.abilitycan usebegin tothe propose question useful formation guidelines for They will thus be ableto towork gain on ananswering overview specific of the questionsunit before questions that indicate their interests. activity to strengthen the student.' their investigation of the or topic areas. The teacher StrategyIII Categorizing- Learning Activities Materials 12 A. to determine theQuestionsneedednumber oftc committeesinvestigate willforstudentsAlthough appear.them, will oneit iscannotraise possible andanticipate These are not the only the categoriesthat theythe followingwill categories the exact questions categories which devise B. to organize basic ideas thatthe shouldtopics. be explored. usecontentservecanthose thosebe as usedwhichin one categoriesthis for waythe unit. organizing toauthor organizesuggested the the Hop:fully,feels are theplausible teacher and will study. presentation of the Rather, they are would C. to:gaikelperience in critical thinking. couldconformThe content be withformed materialsthe to categories research of this unit are organized eachlisted topic. below and committees by the students. to I. History of Socialism Topics CommitteeCommittees 1 PINKContent SECTION Color Code 3.2, AmericanBritish SocialismSocialism CommitteeCommittee 3 2 BLUEGREEN SECTION SECTION 5.4. IsraeliSwedish Socialism CommitteeCommittee 5 4 PINKYELLOW SECTION SECTION Strategy Learning Activities work in groups to pursue those A. Content Tasks of Committees Material 1V CommitteesFormationInstructions cf and to pupilsFICSStopicsThebe studentsrevealed unit whichlearn writers mostthemaythrough skillswishinterest ato more believe it of great importance and the problems associatedthem.traditional approach but the The content might also that with I. a.Organize committee students.byRandom teacher. choosing or 1. Tocommittees ideptifytesksthe necessary of the especiallymitteeascooperative the agentorganization asefforts. it is perceived as for seeking factual information. also allows for individualThus they do recommend the effecting group goals. excellence.The com- committee c.b. choiceStudent'sofchoicesStudents paper. on on rankbasis slips ActivitiesDiscuss and decide on something like this: d. of theirterin subjectto interest be explored. mat- 2.ClassI. discussion The rolestasks of committeea committee persons. concerning: withinUsingto(may achieve sociograms a becommittee homogenous balance 3. How to find information. e. oroff,classroomstudentsNumber heterogeneous) 1,2,3, selection- incount etc.,the 2. Utilize class committee,all 2'sl's secondon etc. committee, questions 3. Addwork.gestedplanningas new starting questions by committee committee point sug.... for 4. members.Assigndevelopnateinformation, information,research, and present. coordi-find Stiategy Learning Activity Content Material 2. Tooperation.indesired determine committee roles B. Roles1. in a Committee Leadera. Helpbecome make a everyonepart of the c.b. GetatLetgroup. the ideaseveryone "good" from havegroup all his mem-jobs. turn e.d. whichKeepLetbers theideasofthe thegroup group are group. decide best.moving CDCD g.f. HelpKeepinto thegetfrbmyour bestits beinggroup jobway Pbossy".decide finishedit can. ODPOCD 2. a.Group Members Helpwhat itsthe job.is.leader carry b.c. Workwork.Dootherout your withoutplans. groupshare disturbing members.of the e.d. AskwhichSelect dotheirother its help only ideas.membersbest the those work. group for ideas f.g. MaketheCheerfully othergroup membersfeelwants take welcome. youthe of tojobs do. Strategy Learning Activity 3. SecretaryContent Material 2. To determineoperation.desiredIn committee roles c.b.a. AiddecisionsVerifyRecord committee motionsgroup decision inand C. Finding1. information (See Section 1) Textbooks and books coordinating research 2. Encyclopediasb.a. mapUse oflists, glossary,index illustrations appendix, C: 3. To_necessaryobtainingsources identifyinformation for 3. a.World Almanac Usereferenceon ofvolume, key words; Index, letters class E8 7.5.4.6. Charts,PicturesPamphletsgraphsFilmstrips cartoons, posters, Discussion9.8.presentation: possibilities for CommunityRecords 4.3.2..1. chartsMakeShowPanelReports visualand and show round aids graphs table and discussions Strategy Learning Activities Materials 13 V. RetrievalInformation O.A. comeLocateinterview from union a socialist local magazines residents, country. and identify or visitors, elements of socialist or students who have thought. Suggestedretrieval information activities D.C. ListenInterview to records union of leaders union and ask them their impressions songs to identify elements of socialist thought. of socialism or the . for ALL COMMITTEES. F.E. DeveloptheirSeekextent pen political to apals questionnairewhich in economictheysocialist believe which systems countries. thatcalls and socialist for offer thought has influenced Send thema variousdefinition questions of socialism, about to do the same about ours. labor. G.M. developedDevelopExaminetoinformation relatives, athe during'model Declaration aboutfriends, unitof socialism' it,10.1. of and/or.theand Independence attitudes which 'man parallels toward foron theelements it. street'. a 'model ofAdminister capitalism' the questionnaire of socialist thought. CD L.K.J. I. WriteSubscribeWriteSubscribe the a paperBritish to to one concerninga LabourBritishor two Party of socialistthe the experimentfor U.S. copies Socialist of their newspaper. at New Harmony, Indiana. papers. programs. oCO 0.N.M. ContacttheSeerequestingSubscribe storythe the New of totradeinformation YorkaLiberty nation's associationsTimes Lobby and/oradvertisingindustries and ofpersonal other Great andsupplement anti-socialist Britain,interviews. why U.S. money should invest there. which often presents Sweden, and Israel news media. R,Q.P. WritetheIdentifyInvite the socialist various a andfellow countrieswritenational student to aembassiesto kibbutzor speak adult requestingof the community or moshav into Israel. your group and/or the class. information. who has visited one of V.STRATEGY RetrievalInformation SOCIALISM CONTENT MATERIALS SocialismHistoryCommittee of 1 I. A.Definition and its origins. magazinesIn 1827, to thedesignate term "socialist" followers of was used in the Owenite' Owen's Cooperative C.B. describeThereafter,editeddoctrines.In 1852,by attitudesPierre socialism"socialisme" Leroux. and andprojects appearedsocialist In the French Le Globe, were used frequently to II. A. Meaning and its qualifications.Russians describe Soviet of social reorganization. C.B. notBritishofIn development pretendFrance, Labour toRadical Partytohave Socialistsproclaims a higher form of Communism.gone more than part of the way. system as Socialism in the socialism as an objective but does process E.D. SocialSocialistHitlerFrench Democrats calledSocialist parties his Partyofparty later whichthe 19th or Christian Socialists. National Socialist.is hostileare to in Communism. strong oppositioncentury to called themselves III. A. 'Meaning of socialist labels,Socialists believe that 'men ought to take some sort of collective C.B. BeliefcollaborationHostileaction tointo dealplanninglaissez-faire, aswith against social as opposed to "free enterprise". competiticn,they agreeproblems. on belief in virtues of Cole, G.H.B. F.E.D. asMostareWordRequire manifested characteristiccommon"social"In of factormen in athisa capitalistisof contexttheircapitalist industry. more cooperative attitude and behavior than denunciation of competitiveis contrasted spirit with individual.society. London':SocialistHistory1958 (5 of Macmillan Vol.)Thought STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS 15 V. CommitteeRetrievalinformation 1 G. There2,1. are three important characteristics ofpoliticalaccordance itItssocialism: includesdoctrines conditionswith elements varydifferent fromthat of countryprotestconditions,are not toagainstof countrycapitalist social, in and SocialismHistory(Con't.) of 3. originSoc.alismages,she:vs but a heritagearehas ofchanged much with longerits social main standing; protestemphasis throughoutIn over this, time it theas andPowerPolitics,Preston, Nathaniel.NewEconomies, York: IV. Forerunnersintended(This secton that of socialist allis includedof the thought innovations for completeness. presented here be coniitions have changed, It is not Macmillan, 1967. A.assimilatec *Plato 4427-947 t.y the B.C.) student) in Republic developednellestateover views wherein of an he insisted he individual. on supremacy of the state 3.2.1. hetoEndoubtedly1e considered?ess socialemphasized social problems influencedhis organization.communal view but of Marx.asliving Utopia a goal and an to sharingideal be achieved solution and family- 8, *Bible. ?rotection:estament, of constitutedworkers,, women, the Socialist and the weak.coderather covering than aas practical it does blueprint. Some claim that the Bible, particularly the Old 0,C. *Early*Sir Thomas Christians. More (1478-1595)developed wroterine" the conceptanrPracticed of an idealsocialism society, in their daily lives. They rejected the concept of "mine and utopia in 1516 and STFATEGY 16 V. Retrievalinformation 2.1. eBook more expressed perfect '.nmturaldissatisfaction Order", CONTENT with times and an aspiration for MATERIAL HistoryComfilttee of 1 3. . withandUtopia Amerigoorganizing describedrelates Vespucci lifefictitiouS an idealand then so that it did not need to engage In stateconversation based onof communitya mariner ofwilo goods sailed lived on island of Utopia. any Socialism 5,4. austerityEmphasisforUtopia"traffic all. had was prevailed. innational placedmonoy", on necessitiessystem of education not luxuries and strictand general rule of work 7.6. Paradoxically,ofbuildingMore the urged1aw. of removalmodel slavery community of and monarchy poverty, the sharing of all wealth, the housing and meticulous observance have a place In Utopia. 8.neightoring countries, the Utopiaandwith assassination a elaboratedtypical-16th of foreign a number 'of social andcentury economic outlook, features advocated which use of hired. soldiers, subversive warfare rulers. conquest of More, E. ommaso Campanella (1569-1639) wrotewereLeninism. toCity play of a signifiCant role in the development of Marxism- 2. . BookplotbootDom;nican describes towhile free spendingmonk aNaples Utopia frequently from27 ,blographers tyrannical questions years in prison for alleged complicity in Spanish rule.by Span sh inquisition wrote the Sun in 1623. a 4.3. "Self-love"sooutline farIdeal as a statetoconstitutionwas suggest describedwas based a communityfor Naples of on mutual sharing of material goods if city were liberated.wives.description of an attempt to - even went 5. home,andBookthe the bestpossessions,stressed exalted way ofeugenic roleeradicating and of family.selection, the as the basis of all evilleaders.it wasin theto depriveState and individual of his education by the State, work discipline, own V.STRATEGY Information V. *French Revolution, a stimulant to revival of Utopian lines CONTENT MATERIALS CommitteeRetrieval 1 ofB.A. thought. .AntagonismsOnlyset between stagesocial richfor pronouncement socialand poor struggles in ofFrench French of Revolution19th Revolution century wasEurope. HistorySocialism of C. SocialismcompletesocializationConspiracy the as of revolution.a Equals politicalof land by GracchusanlMaT77;776cessarymovement Babeufdisappeared which underregarded to D. TwoandreleasedNapoleon important early forcestophase reappearpersonalities ofheld the inonly Restoration, repression afterin social the under Revolutionreform Napoleon activity of 1830 E. *Saint Simon'scontrolledwasCharles inthe Francecontribut1O6 duty Fourier by ofwereproducers, society f1772-1837).Conte was hia throughdeto Saintinsistenceplan a and Simontransformed reorganize that(1760-1825) it state uses and F. *Saint SimonwithdeVelopment.discoveryof proposedthemaster means andplans thisof the production. forstate regenerated world keep v'le abreast state economic ofshould scientific and be social linked SocialistCole, G.H.O. Thought H.G. *Fourier ofminorthoughtNeitherof class the positions. mainly landwarSaint betweenand inSimon relegatedterms capita!nor of Charles intensiveindustry and labor. Fourier andcultivation commerceespoused todoctrines 1953.London:Macmillon,---The1789 -1850. Forerunners J. 1. Wirgiges,Central1600-1800Fourier's principlecoOperative44orkerS' members,Utopian in plan social was organizationto associations organize societywas comprising to into K. centralization,Fourierguaranteerights, did a minimumnot notadvocate throughstandard abolition the of "politicalliving of privatefor poisonall. property of equal; He felt efficiency would be accomplished through ty". STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS 18 V. CommitteeRetrievalInformation 1 L. wasproduct.capital,provideAfter to bea portion alldivided;and with3/12ths of subsistence, total to rewardproduction thespeCial remainder had talentbeen of-set in production makingaside tothe 5/12ths would go to labor, 4/12ths to SocialismHistory of O.N.M. aboutOtherofForuier'sBetween Brook socialtheorists 1820-1845,Farm, theories reform. aof literary lesserwereover responsibleforty influencecommunity actual alsoatfor phalanges West thewrote Roxbury,establishment. andwere acted establishedMass. 2. -Au1. 'uste Alan OS led an insurrection estainsociety.'Etienne 1848 to Cabet and his icarians wanted a communistic s a communist society that failed. 6.5.4.3. -Phillippe Buchez favored cooperation.'EbertConstantinLouis Lemennais Blanc Pecquer favored wanted was stateuniversal a collectivist. action. suffrage. P. *Pierre Proudhon1.is(What theft (t809-1865) is". Property?) wrote and "Qu'est gave Ce Que LaHis Pro philosophy riete? combined two basically contradictory a succinct answer property 2. andHesociety.authorityapproaches, attackedpictured and onebothworker the is State other negativeas permanentand a positive Churchand readyvictim as one enslaversto toof'both. demolish build of allhumanity a new 4.3. voluntaryHisranging'held picturesolutiontogether socialfrom of wastradingby worldgroupings a,"mutualism" series wasassociations basedand Of ordevoidvoluntary on a personalpatternto ofcooperative cooperativescomplicated offreedom, society banks. 6,5. Morehe effectiveHis offeredinstitutions. anarchism noas practicala contributedcritic ofremedies society a major for than ingredient the a evilsreformer, toof thesociety. theories V.STRATEGY information of Marx. CONTENT MATERIALS19 ,RetrievalCommittee 1 Q. *Mikhail ofBakunin the1. Anarchist (1814-1876), movement in middle 1860's.organizationBakunin challenged of Socialist Marx forleaders leadership as well of as the for international the a Russian exile, became leader SoCialismHistory of 2, BakuninTheacceptancerivalIn First1872, Anarchistand International, aof hisshowdown Anarchist followers, International. led ideas. Marx'sto who a splitwere expelled,between the founded two the group, moved to U.S. groups 4.3. Anarchiststheagainst Inability God God believedand andto,think the State. State,man and had Bakunin two inalienable advocated joint revolt the need to revolt. rights, MichaelCarr,E.H.LondonTMacmillan, Bakunin 5. andofEmpressactsPractical President of Elizabethterrorism applications William ofsuch McKinleyAustria asof the Hungary inmurderstheory 1901. in ledof 1898, RussiaTsarto planned Alexander in 1881, the President of France in 1894, 1937. R. Jean6. Jaures (1850-1914) felt that as thewriters ofPublicRepublic Anarchism andaversion practitioners. but toits terrorism ideas influenced camsed the Communist decline grew ofout the 1.of Republic.the Revolution, so Socialism wouldArousedin the byDreyfuss "J'Accuse" letter of Emile Zola case, he engaged his powers as a grow out N.Y.:0:W.JeanPease, Jaures. Margaret. Huebach, 2. FrenchgraduallyjournalistHe becamefelt Chamber stronglyby tothe way defend ofmainstay of Radicals,that reform Dreyfuss. changeof andtheRadical tonotRepublican aby new revolution. order "Bloc" would Socialists, and In the come 1917. 3. ofJauresSocialists.tion capitalismIn theandsupported internationalgeneral and motion militarismdisarmament. recognizingCongress and at theStuttgart inseparability In appealed for arbitra- 1907, STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS 20 V. CommitteeRetrievalInformation 1 5.4. ofHe foundedbeingInin 1304.1914 unpatriotic Socialisthe was assassinated newspaperand a friend L'Humanitelafter of Germany.being accused SocialismHistory of Vi. OfideasIndustrialization the meansof social of production reorganization in England would was whereprevail. a spur collective to the growthA.ownership Thomas of Spence (1750-1814)'wanted governmentestablished on a communal basis. CD' 2.I. tofadeHeIn localfelt 1812,away theagencies. andSpence's control leave followerspoliticalof government knownactivities would as C"Spenceans" established the Society of B. William Godwin (1756-1836) wrote PoliticalgroupdescribedSpencean Justice in Great Philosophersas first Britain. organized which couldSocialist be differentationiRevolution.1.in 1793* a controversial In the period'of work thewhich industrial denounced-classGodwin aimed at reforming a "rotton society" 2. equitablegovernment,Thesystemby freeingideal of privatediStributiOnwas itbased afrom social property-distribution.on all moral ofstructurelaws private principles and from withoutproperty. theand existingan C. 77617giheoryRobert3.setting Owen up colonies.with actual experimentationA laterconcept in developed of class by struggle Marx. emerged that was (1771-1858) demonstrated a combination 1'. wavesofSocialismOwen the ofis French 1830often which which Revolutionregarded was swept influenced as theand the countriesthe founderby revolutionary the impacrofof Europe. British 21 V.STRATEGY RetrievalInformation 2. andHe felteconomic revolutionaries reforms. should institute social CONTENT MATERIALS SocialismHistoryCommittee of I 4.3. whoParadoxically,thesocietyOwen started "every denounced in frommanwhich Owen forprivateabject community washimself" poverty.aproperty millionaire goodpattern. wouldand desiredindustrialist prevail a overnew 6,5. justiceofOwenHe force.impoverished establishedrejected and virtue. laws, Scottisha "village punishment, village of cooperation" and of theNew Lanark.whole in idea the He substituted rewards and appeal to The worker, he felt, should be 7. Hewellhimfor established paid,arecreation, useful protected membercolony and against ofthein society. 1825necessary unemployment, in the education U.S. athave Newto time,make, 8. CriticizedgovernmentHarmony,impracticalschemes Indiana.gradually byor dreamers,Marxistsprivate collapsed. capital ashe visionarywas support,convinced utopians his humanity visionary and could This declined in 1829. Lacking D. Charles Kingsley and Frederick Maurice, Englishstruggle.evolve toclergymen, a more perfect society without bloody class andstart1. English unrevolutionary people over campaign social problems.against theLoteharles English in Politics Kingsley Church for writing the Peo over le, the the signature first of ofChristian Pai%on 2. Nasty"Charters."organizationKingsleySocialist (excerpt wrote per of odfrom thelabor!" ca famous Altons, assertedwas Locke)tract worth "Cheaptheand a dozenFrenchhelped Clothes People's cryset andup batTheMartin, London:Fib-Tr Dust Robertof Com- S. Faber 1959. STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS 22 V. CommitteeRetrievalInformation 1 3. ProvidentTheiran organization most Securities Important of London Actvictory of Tailors. 1852. was the industrial and SocialismHistory of 5.4. TheirSocietiesChristianCo- operativemajor likeSocialistscontribution societies the Rochdale failed of producers modeland only survived. establishedConsumers' was to socialize Christianity by E. *Karl Marx (1818-1883) wrote the trasted themescled with his"Utopian" theories or "Anarchistic"as "scientific"and Christianize Socialism Socialism. and Communist Manifesto and con- expatriate.)1.(He wrote In England but Marxit turnedaccepted about capitalist to bring dream affluence of abundance and was writing as a German Jewish to mankind. or "Christian". wanted 2. economicplanning,FrominIdea classlesstradftion ofdomination, Voluntary society),of socialist andcooperation the the necessity thought,abhorrence and equality hefor of (expressed accepted private economic 3, andHisbe Its darklyMessageachieved poOlbilitieswithout pessimistic Is and at pessimisticthe same time revolutionary about flagrantly society - optimistic about what might upheaval. realizingoptithistic 4. ratherassumptionMarxrevolutionary wr than provedthatmature, situation,conditions false, capitalism, theis would foundonly trulyunder e of early industrialization and made the worsen. immature,Marxian Since this 23 V.STRATEGY Information Retrieval F. *The Fabia:1 Society founded in 1884 and CONTENT named after a MATERIALS SocialisnHistoryCommittee of 1 'comes,beenmustdelayer,Roman you fruitless."wait,must General strike as FabiusQuintus hard did, Fabius but whenMaximus the Cunctatortheright Early motto was "fOr the eight moment, or your waiting will have moment you 2.I. tr7arIm'MembersShaw,Founderspublic waiics,--non Sidneyopinion.'hoped and early toand achieve Beatricemembers aims included Webb,by influencing H.G.Geor Wells 37r ciassp e Bernard 4.3. Webbundergradualness"Sidney,inevitability insisted the Webb following thatinsistedwhich of change revolutionary, wasconditions, on different "thewould inevitability take fromcatastrophic place the only Marxianof change. a.b. ,Changeinthe It mustthe popularmust mindsbe begradual. majorityofdemocratic, all. and acceptableprepared for to tocialismStoryCole, ofMargaret FabianStanford: 5. Fabiansd.c. used techniques of "permeation" basedpeople.It must benot constitutional be regarded as and immoralby peaceful. the 1961.Stanford Univ. Press, occasionsofgradualfeelingson conversion the process premise'rather of theand rather that than'governingpreferably you formal,than work classesin officialonone the suddenin minds act and on social, informal a slow ones. 24 V.STRATEGY information Retrieval 6. Marx (Das 'Kapital and Communist Manifesto) and CONTENT MATERIALS SocialiseHistoryCommittee of 1 7. attackingFabianism95%his offoTTOWers all immediate has Fabian beenwrote publicationsanddescribed vorlwg"117177a7a71-st, specific as conditions. havereform been without pamphlets over 8. governmentPoliticalresentment,(229in 1945 of empiricism in394)elections smiaiEngland of Labor reconstruction without whichon amembers Parliamentaryled dOgma to of theorwithout Parliament fanatacism.first majority classLabor war. who were G. *Ferdinand Lassalles (1825-1864) TrEFIWIrasGaitskellFabians, was includinwho Gaitskell's succeed Atlee, Prime Minister 1945-52. Igel Atlee was a Fabian of long wassuccessor, distinguished Harold pupil Wilson. of knownHegel1.in 1848. inand Germany known asas thea leader tutor duringof Bismarck, democratic madein 1865, troubleshimself he founded the Universe )ragmen's 2. forcefactoryHePartyASsociations believed inand system,the began thatstatethe weresocialist workers,forerunner and potentially they propagandadue shouldof to th thethe be mostingrowthlegally Germany. powerful of that the Democratic Brandes, George 4.3. throughbutHeargued believedaccepteddisagreed completefor state inMarx's on Riccardo'sdemocraCy. theinterference. economic overthrow iron interpretation ofLaw the of rulingWages of andclass. history MacmillanFerdinandles New 1911. York:Lassal- 6.5. ofDuringdemocraticenemies fascism.in 1870,Weimar of BismarckthegovernMent Republic state. outlawed 1919,!1933, the theSocial Democrats was at stake under the attacks issue of as 25 V.STRATEGY RetrievalInformation H. MarxEdward as a Bernstein"revisioni.c`". (1858-1932) CONTENT was criticized by MATERIALS SocialismHistoryCommittee of 1 3.2.1. HedevelopmentHisHe was revisionistwas exiled strongly in byGermany. writingsBismarck influencedfor his political socialist , ected by the Fabians. 4. meanshopeswouldwritings.He contradicted forcollapse socialrevolution and reform.Marx advised and in that socialists the bourgeoisie use peaceful parliamentary to abandon MODEL OF SOCIALISMLEARNING ACTIVITIES MATERIALS 26 A. Who1. Owns the Resources? financialSocial ownership establishments or control is aof fundamental basic industries principle and in socialist countries. andofAim inequalitiesinequalitiesprofit.is to eliminate inIn income, wealthmajor basisandrent, chief ofinterest source b. andcentralwidelycommunications,Basic occasionally usedindustriesbanking metals andfuelinsurance, include (ironcredit and andpower, transportation, institutions,mineral steel), and rightsmost c. useful;Throughandthosebe land.allocated trivialandpublic if toinownership,or activitiesshortwasteful. supply, resources deemed denied sociallycan to Preston.Nathaniel Politics. Stone d. privateofcommunityPublictransferring power awnerhsiphands in and portions (throughrestrainingbulk is ofoffered of economicthreats the arbitrary aseconomy ofapower meansnational- leftexercise to of thein NewYork:Economies1967. pp.105-109. Macmillan,and Power 2, a.andCooperativism a lesser following has considerable in Great strengthBritain.Cooperativism in ization).Scandinavia rejects the State as the best b. makingAimcooperatives)representative is processesto bring intoor purchasersofof the theanmanagementiapd workers enterpffse.peoples' of goods(in interests. producers' decision(consumers' STRATEGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES MATERIALS 27 V. CommitteeRetrievalInformation I c. erativesandWith employeesentrepreneurs divergences hope toon bringthe ofon interestotherthe about one eliminated, thehandbetween disappearance customers coop- owners SocialismHistory of B. How much shall be produced? of theinequalities arbitrary ofuse wealth of economic and income. power and 1. a.undertoSocialist the capitalism. market plans standard establish of value"social that value" allocatesSince as abuyers counterresources enter market with varying b. JudgingwantsamountsresourcesSocialists divert ofcommunity's wealth,made seekproduction by evaluationsocialists menneeds actingfrom and of poorfeel seekingas potential aman's.rich community to needs.man'sfulfill use of c. A politicalseeksthem.socialistis more to have urgentlyorder,sets society, ethical determine needed actingstandard than whether throughnew of cars. newvalue thehousing and e.d. SinceoftoEstablishment the impose consumer function standards dominated ofof anplanning setorder marketin ofandthe priorities iscontrolsplan characterized on the areis market.partused onSocialistsdrainbyto importsa satisfy greaton resources andseekvariety buyer's increase to thanreduceof whims, products productionstandardized product this as involves varietyproducersfor production. export. greaterto seeksave g.f, MarketoftheSocialists the plan. system'market supplement is with not collectiveeliminated atomistic deciOonbut decision many making of making the of V. STRATEGY RetrievalInformation controls used are in the form of inducements LEARNING ACTIVITIES MATERIALS 28 HistoryCommittee of 1 C. For Whom? andto penaltiespriorities that established shape the in market the national to conform plan. SoCialiim I. forthatandSocialismincentives optimum fostersuppress attempts inequality effort.to it, advancement within to andavoid the promote that conditionslimits the actively ofsystem thethat necessaryconditions requirescreate b.a. passingpurposeregulationsSocialistInheritance fromthe tax redistributionhave generation taxespolicies, as attempttheir towelfare collateral generation.ofto income.prevent programs, or inequalities direct business c. of1.)Policies social Differences inequality.have focused in level attention of education on other andas In formshaving quality effects of education on class are consciousness recognized 3.)2.) UnequalHousing culturaland living opportunities conditions thatthat tendgivenemphasizeand economic attention. economic opportunity. disparities have been 4.) Opportunities for consultation betweenmanagementtodifferent reducecreate anddifferencesclassesdifferent employees have styles in beenhave status. of reduced.been life sought In 29 V.STRATEGY RetrievalInformation BRITISH MODEL OF PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT. CONTENT MATERIALS OritishSocialismCommittee 2 Who I.Makes the Rules? Britainthe powers is an the example British of governmentunitary government possessesbecause all are held by A,one central organ, the Parliament. CommonsParliament1. and theconsists House of twoLords. houses, the HouseHouse ofof Commons is limited to 636. who are 2. spiritualelectedbytemporalNine inheritance hundred from peers,peers the members whoorthecountry's appointment receivebishops of House districts. appointmentand byofarchbishops. CrownLords and are C.B. TheserelationshipsNodutiesKing constitution are isare promulgated symbol ceremonial. between existsof nationalby national thatcustom definesunity andpolitical precedent.and above institutions. politics, fundamental E.D. controlPartyCrowndissolvedElections dissolvesthat of at thehasare the government.majorityheldit end on when ofadvice infive Parliament the of electionthe ministers. has:been gains years or when the G.F. oppositioncabinet"Leaderchooses of Cabinet of partyoppositionthe men, majority regains fromready partyhis tobecomescontrol. owntake appoints party, overPrime whenever"shadow Minister and H.1. member.andMinistersusuallyPeers may may holdnot notmust enterleadership sit hold inHouse seatsCommons positions.of inwhich andone theyor other are nothouse commoners a 30 'V.STRATEGY RetrievalInformation J. governmentPrime Minister exists and onlyCabinet CONTENT as long as it retains support are the government and the MATERIALS BritishCommittee 2 K. Thereof(social a majorityis 1st)a two Inparty the House of . system,--Conservative-and Labour Commons. Socialism How II.,are Rules Enforced? The executive department is directed by the Cabinet of C.B.A.Ministers. ParliamentAnytheLocal act supreme authoritiesof Parliamentled legal by the authority.have isgovernment of no legal autonomy. supreme law. the day is 111. A,ChamberHouse of of'Lards the legislature.is Supreme Court of Acting in the capacity as a final court of appeal, law as well as a -How are the Rules Modified? B. Thesethisthe Housemenpurpose are employs elevatedonly. only to "Law the Lords".House of Lords for IV. A.majorityGoverment in exists the House only ofso Commons.long Voters have the ability to change Party as it retains support of a =imposition B. CrowndissolVedElectionSVotersin dissolvesHouse can at are ofdefeatthe Commons.heldon end the British whenof advice five ParliaMent government. yearsof the ministers. orhas when been the STRATEGY' CONTENT MATERIALS 31 V. RetrievalInformation BRITISHI. 'SOCIAL1SM IN POLITICAL Th e Labour Party reflected in its growth and ACTION development SocialismBritishCommittee 2 B.A,th e protest against theBetweenHouseFounded old socialof 1900-1910,, inCommons. 1900, order. the the Party Labour polled Party only two seats in thhis nct officially e C. becamecommittedIn1918, 1919, officially the toforty socialismParty Labourites committed adopted socialismgained House but included many Socialists. to nationalizdtion. in its program and In E.D. formedreplacingInIn 1924, 1922,a goverhmeht theLabour Labourites Liberal Party with Party gainedthough Support 142still seats as second strongest. of Liberal Party a minority out of 615, seats. WilliamJersey:woodToday's Ebenstein.Cliffs, isms. New Engle- Prentice F. 288JamesLiberalsbut Inof the Ramsey1929,615 experimentcouldseats LabourMacDonald notin became Parliament,golasted wasalong largest Primeonly with Minister. singlesocialist ten months when party with program. Hall. 1970 pp. 266-68 G. governmentDepressionanthat absolute lasted wasweakened majority, until unable Britain tothe use Party economicallysocialist formed policies summer of 1931. Although lacking a government and Labour to cure H. droppedmeasurestotheIn 154. depressiongeneral to and 52 resigned outelection and of unwilling615 in of but1931. 1931, by to 1935,Parliamentary adopt itsconservative strength rose representation J.I. Minister.majorityelectionsBetweenIn 1945, for1935 were Labourthe and heldfirst theobtained in endtime. Britain. of 394 the of 640 Clement Atlee was Primewar, no general seats with a clear STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS 32 V. CommitteeRetrievalInformation 2 L.1(," heldseats.LaboUrIn in 1950, Because1951. Party Labour lostof narrow majorityin 1951 margin asfell in a tothenew bare nextelection 315 two of was 625 SocialismBritish M. majorityMinistergeneralInin 1966.1964, elections ofHarold 97.Labour Wilson in won 1955 calledby anda narrow 1959.for a margin.new election This the Labour Party won. with a decisive Prime N. majorityEdwaroHarpidAlthough1970. HeathWilson ofhis 30 upset term calledand didsetthe a notupLabourgeneral aexpire new Party, electiongovernment. until gained Mayin June1971,a In a stunning upset, Conservatives led by 11. A.The inpolitical June WO. process stalls the Labour PartyConservativethat program haunt theParty lower was andhelped middle by theclasses, two fears the rising C.B. Moststate"Heathturnoutcost important of will butandliving Cabinetprobablythe factor andgeneral theappointments notwas specter apathydismantlethe drop of indicate in theracialthe the voters."welfare electoral tension.a rightward 2.swim.1. Less?ossibleincome government taxrevamping and participationmore of indirectBritain's intaxes confiscatoryindustry are predicted. I.97570)."UnexpectedTime. Triumph." 95:26 (June 4.3. 2rivateattitudesbelt-Someis probable. opening tighteningcapital on trade-unionofis governmentinforeseen. social reform services,owned and sectors tougherlaw-and- to pp 16-22. 6.5. GreatestordernegotiateImmediate are challengealso to foreign Joinforecast. willthe policy Commonbe healing task Market. will of racebe to problem. STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS 33 V. Information CommitteeRetrieval 2 PROBLEMS1. OF Socialist theory and practice NATIONALIZATION (Public Ownership) have undergone vast SocialismBritish A.50eangesto years be ondecreasing. and issue reliance of SocialismNorman Thomas, Re-Examined an American (1963) nationalization in onthe nationalization last appears Socialist wrote that for the state B. Thomasvalues7170-Wyeverything spokeof private wouldof dangers initiativedeprive of system, to try, to own and operate' us of some importantstatism inherent inand responsibility. C. ativesownedSocializationtototal capitalism property -nationalization labor implies unions,towas producer socialization. diffusion and churches, educational in believed andthe consumeralternative cooper- of publicly D. Today,powerstriedinstitutions socialists throughin Israel voluntary andrecommend and those Sweden). association organizations (approach deriving onlyI. some industries. shouldnaturalAlmost be universalmonopolies publicly acceptance ownedin public and of nationalization for managed.utillttes field the idea that 3.2. operateonConceptThereindustry which iswith ofnationalization strong(steel)"sick" high degreeindustryhas been of (coal)risk. case against industries that can be based.accepted as standard or "key" E. Certain1.in overall difficulties performance. hamper andManagerialization initiative. and problem "playing waich it arisessafe" public enterprise hamper flexibility from central- V.STRATEGY information Retrieval 2, executivesNationalized prefer industries CONTENT pay lower salaries MATERIALS BritishCommittee 2 3. MonopolynationalizedThreatindustry ofmay bankruptcy andincrease industries,.no increases priceis efficiency more challenging positions. always real in private orone get goes subsidy. bankrupt. but in .Socialism Labour Party in England (1960 4. apeoplecorporationsPolitical duty ofhas the difficultymade toexecutive controlelected of branch.of representativesrelating public of the nationalized industries A.growth.accelerated social justice Voter'staken byoppose independent further organizations nationalizationto accelerated ineconomic polls shifted emphasis from and by the C.B. LeaderThosesocialLabour polledof Partywelfare the stated Labouritself. rather thatParty, than socialism to them meantgovernment ownership: atproducinggovernmentsswing redistributing from goods, nationalization, are butnotincome theyalways and are highly veryefficient efficient"ExperienceDouglas at Jaywealth". explainedhas proved V.STRATEGY Information Retrle9al SOCIALISM IN THE U.S. CONTENT MATERIALS AmericanSocialismCommittee 3 I. madeevolutionAlthoughtheStates, socialistrequisite socialisminincessantly 'the thoughtmovement. American had created lessearly environment, acceptable rootsnew frontiers in thetheretc people.United wasand 'not The pace of industrial A. ChristianSocialist1. thoughtCommunitarian Was 'first movement. evidenced inpropertyShakers settledin common. near Albany in 1774, held B. Secular2.1. Utopian socialists emerged also.OneidaFollowersheld propertyibrfectionists of Robertin common. Owensettled settled in 1838 New alsoHarmony, 2. byAnbyfailed. theexperiMentIndiana, Transcendalists ideas aof inUtopian Charles communal at community BrookFourier, living, Farm whichwas influencedin established Maps-eventually ChristianEarlyJames Dombroski.Days Socialismof 4.3. frontierTheseachUsetts.lishedicarianS, groups colonies.and followers citiesrejected better ofby Etienne'Cabet,Americans satisfied because Atherican estab- U.York: Press.in -COluMbkaAmerica. 1936. New C. Christianity,In early days the of mostsocial important movement works in American weredesires for an economy of abundance. ' Soci-EiTsmCapitalism,Joseph Schumpeter. and writtenof1. political not by economy.clergymen but writers in theClergyStephen field exhorting Colwell wrotethem makeNew Themesreligion for operative Protestant HarperDemocracy.1950. andpp.331-362. Row.New York: 2. emphasis.helpedRichardConsistentin 'human readers Ely with' relationswas see anteaching theeconomist and event ofdevelop Jesus.inbut relation withsocial ethical order to His treatment of the Haymarket Riot 36 the struggle for social justice. CONTENT MATERIALS 3. wrotedifferentialargumentssocietyHenry poverty George which on was'result betweeninRiccardiancould Progress be wealth remedied.Of theoryofand maladjustment which Poverty rent in as 1880of the canHe bebased . his 4. EdwardHeproducedproduced wanted Bellamy on "socialon land a wrotegiven ofvalues" lowest Lookinpiece confiscated. subsistenceof land and level. wealth Backward in 1888. 5. onHenryW.D.Thethroughout individualism central HowellsLloyd wrote ideaChristianitywrote in waseditorials Inlaissez-faire nat1896 onathe "this andIzatfaith magazinebookeconomies in reviveda millenium". attacks and on of industry. StowDonald Persons.(eds) Egbert and 6. 'providednaterialBellamy.realizeChristiandiscredit in the Commonwealthpractice system.for moralists the insociety Georgia who envisionedwished sought toto by Princeton:AmericanPrincetonSocialism Life. U.in Press. b.a. whichCommunitygationalistCoMmunity enlisted published establishedminister support magazineattracted ofin religious1866 "Social 350by Congre- people.radicals. Gospel" 1952. D. The impetus for a socialist party in the c.U.S. came from society.of loveIts failurewas inadequate demonstrated in an thatindustrial the ethic 2,3 1.sources: Politicalby Marx.International ideas of Workingmen's Lassalles. Association.dominated 'E, The3.1.schisthatic 'Socialist groups: Party, in the U,S. was a fusiOnDeLeon'sAnarchism to 2 Socialistof Bakunin. Labor Party in the EAst. MATERIALS 37' 1V:informationSTRATEGY Retrieval F. continualSam2. Somers compromisewho developed as leadertheories of ofthe pragmatist-, AmericanDeb's Social Democratic Party in the West. CONTENT and AmericanSocialismCommittee 3 G, Pa,otherFerderationEucene y Marxistsin V.1900 Debsof and Labor became its defeatedleader the candidate in attacks five ofby theDeLeon and presidential Socialist H. andduestrengthBeforecans. mining In to.signs. next1912,large regions'ncreased ten socialistImmegration years, of inWest urbanthisstrength andfrom strength areasSc Europe ,thwwas and itdecrease, ,L,esp:Tsally vort vast igrarian while J. Afterdestruction.Jewish.savage 1932, fratricide the party andwas World ripped War to shreds by 41 completed its K. NormanwasLibertiesfrom party Thome:, 1928-1948. candidateUnion one and of forLeaguethe founders of industrial of Democracy president in six elections National Civil Donald Stow Egbert L. What2.D!atforn1. did socialism called for: accomplish in the U.S.Extension of public works, Its 1928 and(eds) AmericanStow Persons. Life. Socialism 5.4,3. ShorterPublicOld age unemploymentpensions.working day, insurance, damage to Princeton:Vol.Princeton 1. U. Press. 7.;. AdequateGovernmentcrops,,RIbht floodto insurance organize, Control, against weather 1952. H. 8,9.Ilas10.In Recognitiontheaccepted exolution Many of ideasofRussia, American it once PuertoPhillioine Rican independence,autonomy, society, America denounced as socialistiC. STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS 38 . V. CommitteeRetrievalInformation 4 WhoSWEDISH Makes MODELthe Rules? OF PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT s' Sociailsm Swedish I. A.B.Sweden is constitutional monarchy with maleExecutiveTheRiksdag* 'succession.government power- constitution. isis inin thethe handshands ofof aa ParliamentKing acting - C. appointedRealoninthe the the chiefPrime advice Riksdag. by executiveMinister, the of Kinga Council isfrom the the ofPrime Statemajority Minister headed party whoby is E.D. signed'King'spowerKing hasin decreesby recentthe Ministers right oryears. appointments to who veto are but responsible arehas not validused to the thisunieSs COcit G.F. elections.heKingRiksdag. resigns,If PriMehas no butMinister power may toappeal loses appropriate tothe the support countrymoney. of inthe Riksdag, new N.I. governmentRiksdagCabinet isconsists departments. bicameral of Primewith UpperMinister House and of chiefs 151 of WhoEnforces the Rules? electedOf 6 'large directlyfor cities,8 years for and bya fourcountya Lower'House year councils term. of and 233 councils II.I. SwedenandcentralDay granted to has administativeday an aadministration independentgreat deal board, ofjudiciary. isindependence. staffed the responsibility by civil of the servants 39 ,V. STRATEGY Retrievalinformation A.B. CountryHighest courtis divided is Supreme into 6Court courts with of 24appeal, Justices. 124 CONTENT MATERIALS CommitteeSwedish 4 C. Theredistricts.rural1. are court special districts courts and at approximatelythe national level.50Supreme city administatice court has jurisdiction Socialism D. 2.In matters relating to freedom of the overpress,employersLabor cases trialcourt dealingand has workers. Jurisdiction with administration. over disputes between F.E. RiksdagKinginis lowerbyappoints jury,oversees courts allchancellor administrationareother assisted cases as head areby by oflaymen.tried appointingcourt by system.judge two who specialI,therights laws. officialsof citizens whose and functioninsure impartial is to guaranteeJustite execution Ombudsman of is the one who oversee.. How May Rules De Modified? 2. militaryMilitlecivil courts. Ombudsmancourts. is the one who oversees 11.I. Allthe electionspersons, right to male arevote. onor thefemale, basis over of proportionalthe age of 21 repre- have 111. Swedish political parties represent interestA. thesentation.groups country, in Social Democratic Party is the leading party and is B. whomovement,workersmildlyLiberal want socialist.and social orreligious supportersPeoples' reform sects, Party ofbut cooperatives. condemnindustrialistsrepresents trend the to andtemperance g farmers it represents the urban and rural overnment STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS 40 V. Informaticn CommitteeRetrieval 4 C, eApansion.servantsandConservative includes and largeindustrialists,Party farmers.which favors businessmen, private enterprise civil SocialismSwedish D.E. theCommunistandCenter largeis ruralParty cities.Party inis interest.attractsthe party chiefly rallying the the.small workers infarmers Swedish Socialism Goals: 2.1. Thesuchto preventionmaintenanceindividuals as illness of of and andhuman an families limitedadequate distress personelin flow alland ofcircumstances.inadequacies, development.income National 3.1. TheResponsibilitythe rehabilitation victims of technologicalfor of drawing the incapacitated up unemployment. the annual and and C:CD (see chart 1) Planning: 3.2. Thethefive-year cabinet.cabinetactual national constructiondraws up economic the ofbroad plans plans outlines. is lies handled with 4. ThetheNationalFinance.by Ministry theResearch Ecomonic Institute of Council. Finance Division of Economicis ofassisted the Research Ministry by the and of 6,5. Theofanalysis.futureThe Researchgovernment institute trends, Council, agencies analyzedand provides make andpost up private theeconomicof representativesstatistical industrial, developments, 7. Afterpresenteddrawngroups,commercial, the up also economic andto agricultural,Parliamentadviseapproved plans the by (budgets)forEconomics the and final Cabinet trade haveapproval.Division. unionthey been areresearch 41 : STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS V. Informaticn Retrieval MostPrivatcnationalthe Ovatecoraribution industry welfareindustry in hasof Sweden has thebeen nrtprivate improved. been business system to nationalized but SoelalismSwedishCommittee 4 2.3.1. ofGivingMeet privateImproving needs workers firmsof efficiency thea larger consumer roleof moreindustry in the management effectively Objective:Government1. Regulation of Private Industryecononicpublicto.insure investment budget that ais balance projectedapproximated between in the private national and 2, services,othertoto mice take types sure up ofthethat expenditures annual private total will output be sufficient investment along with of goods and Controls2,1. purchaseselectiveissuance machinery credit of Wilding controls and to constructer: limit construction permits and 3. -stand-anti-taxation-SeleCted tariff bycartel, priceregulation fisCalpolicies monopoly,controls controls and oligatoly legislation GoalsSwedish1, under Labor government's Unions policy of controlledproductassure wage earners a fair share of the national inflation 3.2. wagepossibletakecreate groups account reasonable of the relationships national interest as far as between various 42 ' V.STRATEGY Information Attainment of goals (Swedish Labor Unions) CONTENT MATERIALS SwedishComMitteeRetrieval Collective bargaining followedTheto LaborAarketindustrial by both Councildisputeslabor and ,,recommends which management. are generally solutionsIt is a cooperative process in which the Socialism Labor Court Settlescollectivecu'pulsorygovernment disputes agreementsarbitrationhas notconcerning had to interveneinterpretation or require of ObjectivesSwedish1. Agricultural Policies theSwedish nation's agriculture food requirements is expected to meet 90% of 3.2. productivityToAgricultural achieveinincome national levelthese ispopulation Income required andgoals, should priceshould show supports have in anya reasonableandfuture improved increase I.Controls SwedishBoardgovernmentAn annual and Pational the pricethrough two agreement Organizations,major the Statefarm is organizations,Agriculturalnegotiated the Farm byUnions, Marketing thethe and the Federation Swedish2. Welfare Policies Theofagricultural Swedishagreements Farmers procuctsprovide Associa price tions supports for all 1. -visiting-childFamily allowanceshealthwelfarematernity public services health benefits nurses 43 V.STRATEGY RetrievalInformation - holidaynursery campsschools for for low pre-school income children children CONTENT MATERIALS SocialismCommitteeSwedlih 4 2. Workeris-occupational-unemployment--travel state, protection grantsscholarships retrainingand(educational) insuranceand and' welfare studyloans 3. Social'Housing-travel-public allowances,imploymentand purchasePolicy exchangesfamily of homesliving allowances -reduce-constructing-make anlandhouie adequatefor and larger dwellingall building supplyIncome units costsofgroups dwellingwith enough units rooms to available -make-planning adequatedwelling ofpolicysubsidy building fundsunits sySte6to availablemore sites livable financeand through exterior the 'social design housing a loan- 4. -benefits-cumpuisoryNational-providing HealthInclude: decentfor allInsurance housingmeditai Tesidents forCare, the aged and hospitalliation, disabled 5. suppleMentary,minimumPension nationalInsurancefreecash penalon'benefits allowancespensions for income loss, essential' medicines STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS V. CommitteeRetrievalinformation 5 Who ISRAELIMakes the MODEL Rules? OF PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT Socialismfsraeli 1. A.constitution.B.Israel is a Parliamentary republic withoutCabinetThe aPrime written varies Minister in sizeis the.head according of tothe political government. or D.C. functions.PresidentfunctionalKnesset is ofrequirements, singleIsrael chamberhas purely of 120formal elected and ceremonialfor F.E. AllTermoffour 18party ofyearsor Presidentoverlists. on arethe eligibleisbasis five of years toproportional vote. and not coequalrepresentation H.G. MinisterPresidentwithsupremeKn isetKnesset. from legislativeishas similar largestno veto to bodypartypower House but tobut of sinceform mayCommons aselectno government. party as Primethe commands He is elected by the Knesset. J.I. toppleDefectioncontrolsDominanta majority, government. onlyMope!of governmentany one Party party third (socialist), in byof the coaltionthe coalition seats. left is necessary. centercould II. A.LegislativeWho Enforces and the executive Rules? functions are separate.Cabinet Is the key to the structure. C.B. CabinetgovernmentCabinetemergencydirections has passes extensivewishesincluding on toall legalputforeign legislation befor authority relations the whichKnesset. in and athe number of legislation. STRATEGY CONTENT 45 MATERIALS V. Information Retrieval 111. Nine member Supreme Court Is the highest' courtD. of appeal. onplanningWeakness which itfunctionslies depends in dilution necessaryfor survival. of tocentralizing maintain coalition and SocialismCommitteeIsraeli 5 A.B. mendationsJudgesof arbitraryIt actsare ofappointedas and anhigh illegalindependent court by the actionof Presidentjusticenominating by public to on hearcommittee. recom-authorities. charges Now IV.Are Rules Modified? A.Elections take place every four years.Whole country is taken as single constituency B. canMultiplicitywithto Is obtain votes120 possible. mandates obtaineda majorityof parties distributed by andonlythem. has meant ,coalitionto partiesno one governmentpartyaccording OC D.C. MostandofchangeMapal religiondomesticeconomic Partynecessary ofincontroversiespolicy. Benthe for Gurionstate two paity and hopedrevolve problems system to aroundbring butof electoraleducationrolefailed. V.STRATEGY InformationRetrieval Ideologies Influencing the Economy of Israel 1. Socialism CONTENT MATERIALS CommitteeIsraeli 5 5.4.3.2. OptimismPersonalSocialIndividualistic Welfareachievementand self-assurance democracy Socialism Major Economic Goal 2.1. ,Currently Israel is economical, dependentAttain uponeconomic independence C: 3. subjectsEconomicformsandimport foreign of capitalaid.thedependence governmentalIsraelis from creates privateto politicalgrants, a Jewishproblem loans, dependence contributions in andthat other .It C3Cr)CD Economic Problems Facing Israel --within the occupationalJewish state, background the population of the new increased Immlgrangs 235% the first 15 years of the establishment of the -part-the culturalof theofhaddid population andnotto belanguagematch welded werelocal differencesinto used needs an to ethnic a Europeanof theand newnational standard immigrants entity that had tote maintained - -Arab-Israeli difficulty boycotts, territorycountrieslacked in absorbing blockades,basic was small,raw' material's.and largely wars hinderedwaterless, growth and labor form nOn-technologIcii - -inflationrestrictedproductivity balanceand of hoMe tradeincreasedinsufficient 'Market deficit expenditureshaS tolimited fester the foreconomic defense. growth scale of IndustrieS STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS 47 V. CommitteeRetrieval'Information 5 MajorPublic1. ,institutions Sector Government MaipaiSince 1948, led by moderate labor party, Melia has never had an absolute majority(controls - coalition approximately government 60% of total economy) Israeli Maipai doininance has meant ac ceptance ofgove. decisive . .fluence in economic affairs Socialism 2. National Institutions JewishPublicHeavy pervolta_sectorAgency high in consumption of dom- .tic reasources of total investment from public sector JewishFoundationZionist National Organization Fund Fund Functions: fundraisingimmigration, overseas, helping encouragingimmigrants, 3, Mistadrut- giant labor(GeneralLabor union Zionisim Federation - intermingling of Workers) of Zionism and socialism welfare, .jobs, education -performs--social entrepreneurial service'susual trade activitiesfor union beyond functions normal unionsA. Kibbutzim - collective settlements agricultural and industrial settlements B. Moshcvim (cooperative settlements)- agricultural consumptionbasedsettlements upon communal with cooperative procuction marketing and C. Producer cooperatives - small workshops to large utilitiesprinciplesand(private purchasing ownership)of mutualwith strongly aid and heldself labor 48 V.STRATEGY Information Retrieval D. ofHevrat Jewish Ovdim Workers) (General CONTENT'Cooperatives Association MATERIALS CommitteeSocialismIsraeli 5 a"The government." workers lave a Histadrut, and the Histadrut have ownt'abodtcorporate holding20% of productioncompany, arm facilities of Histadrut in Israel STRATEGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES MATERIALS 49 VI. AllFindingsCommitteeReportins Committees C.A.B. thePresentDevelop earlypolitical a theoretical"You'tradefictitious and Are fair'economic There" seriessocialists. from programsystems oneof lettersof revealing comethe socialistwhichthrough the reveal clearly.history countries the ofideas socialism.so thatof F.E.D. DevelopStagenations.Present an a 'interview'skitseries in ofwhich 'newsbroadcasts'with is theprotrayed 'man-on-the-street' thefrom major the variousevents In aof socialistsocialist an individual's nation. H.G. HavethethosePreparelife abest debate: inwhich asocialistarguments chart are comparingaffected countries.to support bythe the bothprogressive government sides of income ofthis one position.tax of inthe the socialist U.S. with nations. Resolved: Socialism is superior to Communism. Develop CDCD K.J. I. PresentandDevelop Revolutionary reports a skittape builtofrecording socialism.two around persons of the"A discussing Newsthree Special basic the questions frommerits.of of evolution both economics . CD M.L. differencesConductadministered.Presentand political athe 'Parliamentary findingsin )systems. view betweenof thesession' committees the Conservativein Great 'questionnaire.' Britain. and "h" Parties.(If developed and Bring out the 0.N. 1Holdprograms triesStagethea 'presidential aid toa which 'brainwashing'ofconvince his are cabinet) news beinga tourist conference' session proposed.talks of aboutthein in whichadvantages socialiSmwhich a citizenthe inand'president' his ofsocialist nationa socialist (with undertype countrysocialism. 50 STRATEGY Overview LEARNING ACTIVITIES MATERIALS A. To review the earlierclass andty questions thecom- posed theofallowedAfter theoriginal thelearners. to committeesreview questions'that what have has reportedbeen learned and Perhaps the class will'choose to consider all were raised during the introduction to the class, time should be to evaluate the efforts parethereported thecommittees. answers by willmajorto thebe questions laidunit soto thatwilldetermine studentstherefore if allwill be of reviewedbe them able have and beenthus answered. to go beyond the material a foundation The , r.,.To gain F perspec-aspartstive well ofconcerning as the the unit the theBeyondstudied teacher the to willspecificarrive need at questions togeneralizations. add raised during the some 'big questions', questions introductory phase, ofbroader it aspects whichcommittee.1. are broader than Why does the term socialism have Some of these big questions might be: any specific topic of an individual a negative connotation in our 3.2. WhatofShouldthesociety? socialistaspects 'future? the Unitedof countries? capitalism States move toward a socialistare economystill retained in in the economies 6.5.4. UnderHasit?is socialismwhatsocialism conditions beencompatible successful will socialismwith inAmerican those begin countriesdemocracy? to look like a' that practive 7. studyingyouWhatBritain,plausible think do weabout?Sweden, this callalternative? differ, theand mostIsrael from extreme whichthe type form of of socialism socialism? we have been (What were the conditions in Great gave rise to socialism?) How do 5.8. andDobothWhat(Monarchy you thesocialismkind seeideals of anyas a wellandofrelationshippolitical socialism? democracy.)as republicanism system between must the ideals of democracy can be consistent witha socialist country have? STRATEGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES MATERIALS VII. Overview (Continued) lt.10. CommunistschoicWoul6 yru tend to thir' of class is between full capitalism agree with communists who might antagonisms;or full collectivism? socialists say that the only 12. governmentdohaveIf(parliamentary they communistslearned differ? ownership to andthinkmajorities) andsocialists in control of basic terms of what kind s of both agree to some degree of industries, where power groups? 13. historyWhatstatethe wotild best toof controlinterestmodernbe socialismthe of meansthe clearlyof ind. your response to a socJalist who(In would their say,"The means of vast majority of the people for the production and to provide the acquiring th.m.) motes that it is in 14. ofthisassistar,Showbenefits not purpcse.thewishing filmstriptoa butthe onpeople." the"The other Welfare hand anyone to starve to deazh for lack of public Dilemma" notand willingdiscuss tothe be problem taxed for 15. federalde-sociali:tationU.S.Develop government businesses, a round should oftable theand discussionother socialistic move increasinglyeconomy towardandremove the endprig of guidelines, on the topic: practices. Resolved: The 52 GeneralizationsVIII.STRATEGY 1. social ihWtutions.People who havewhich a prbmiseheritage to of sustain freedom this will heritage.adapt political and CONTENT MATERIALS A. To allow students hypothesistothe derive opportunity and 3.2. TheNothe cultural pureways formin heritagewhich of theoretical it andldapts political newpolitical political history economic andof social system institutions. exists due a people will affect behavior.governconcerninggeneralizationslaws whichhuman the 4. demandsA it.t6political the thenecessity formsystem of for sustainsthe modification other. an economic based system but neither inherently (The political system can be adapted upon human interaction with D. To develop the datafromability specific to,infer 5. people,Democraticbeto supportadapted a high atosocialism .lariety belevel compatible ofseemsof industrialization,economic toto requirea varietysystems; a heritageof.political anand economic of government systems.)system of the a faith in the can 6. communityAsofbenevolence a allnation its to comespeople. maintainof a tocentral believeor provide government that a itminimum isworking the standard responsibility in behalf of livingof thefor welfarethe 7. tationforin allthe of itsabsence socialistic citizens, of altruism, practices.it will attemptsmove' increasingly to block movement toward thetoward implemen- 8. Peopleseesocialistic such who movementhave practices lived as underdepriving will tyrannyincrease them and ofas conditions theirthose privileges.who ofhold wealth poverty will 9. willinglypoliticalAspromise communications thanlook and theirtoeconomic new amongpresent political freedom people state economicandincrease, of a existence.!Igher systems the standard desire forof livingincreased increases. as offering more STRATEGY 10. As totalitarian-type nations perceive an increase in the threat PtINTENT MATERIALS Generalizations(COntinued) ofcommunication'. foreignIncrease ideas self toeffacing their politicalpropaganda economic and clog systemthe channels they will of personal . O .STRATEGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES' MATERIALS 54 A.IX. 'Culminating ToActivities provide a artupactivities.Students withpresented competent should as besuggestions and given interesting the which productions.may be used InThe theirpresent following, therefore,form or Given a little freedom and opportunity to devise their own culminating some time, they can usually come meaningfulsocialism.ofsynthesisreview the data and ofe A.revised to fit the talents of wishes of STRINGthe pupils. ALONG, etc. B. opingopportunityTostudents'communicate provide insights. develto STRATEGY LEARNING" ACTIVITIES MATERIALS 55 A. To IX.CUlminatingprovide a Activities A. TheSTRING linkedvarious together reports bygiven a narrator by the'committees who introduces each of ALONG can be revised and the presentations. ofmeaningfulsocialism.synthereview the data sisand on B. ofbasicSomeEXPAND-A-REPORT all ofcommittees.format the morefor ansuccessful expanded committeeclass version presentations which will include the findings may be adopted as B. To provide students'communicateopportUnity devel- to C. andTheMarx,MEETINGStudents questioning.last Fourier, OF part mayTHE of wishMINDSand the Lassallesto session enact anmayengaged original be turned in play featuring Bakunin, a debate over their philosophies.over to audience opinionating Owen, oping insichts. D. HarmonyA DISCHORDgroup discussingof ATclass NEW thespiansHARMONY the reasons may leadingrole play to Robertthe failure Owen's of this volunteers at New experiment. E. THEcasetheStudents RIGHT readerFor ANDchangemay by LEFT producepresenting and PRESS the a 'right'status the best quo.and possible 'left' newspaper seekingset of factsto persuade to support the G.F. DevelopCONTINUMStudentsSOCIALISM atwo may FLICK dimensional wish to develop continuum. a film to present their findings. appropriateOn1, this continum position: place it the most Revolution 1 3.2. thesome U.S. names'socialistic' of socialistappropriate practices nations position of OwnershipState Evolution r1 OwnershipPrivate I BIBLIOGRAPHY 56 Brandes, George. men'sThisBismarck's IsParty. a portrait tutor. of a German socialist Ferdinand Lassalles. He was responsible for the birth of the NewArork: Macmillan Company. who was a pupil of Hegel and German Social Democratic Working- 1911. was spoken of as Carr, E.H. Michael Bakunin interesting biography of one of the most vivid London: -MaCipillan Company. '1957. personalities of 19the century Europe who Childs, Marquis W. butspent avoiding his lifetime working wrestlingfor with political philosophy, Sweden, The Middle Way. New Haven: Yale a living. He was a rival of Marx. University Press.working for the cause of revolution 1936. CJCD.CDCD Cole, G.H.D. Press, 1961. Excellent description of the socialism Socialist Thought - The Forerunners 1789-1850. practiced in Sweden. Stanford: Stanford University Dombrowski, James. Thisthe ismovement an account all herof Fabianadult life.socialism The Early Days of Christian Socialism in by a woman who has been intimately connected with America: University Press, Social Christianity the 19th century had a decidedly antitheological 1536. as it emerged in proportion of a movement in the last basis. Withdrawal from the world was New York: Columbia two decades Ebenstein, William. economy.rejectedimportant In worksfavor citedof participation,in were written not the by Two Ways of Life, New York: Molt, Rinehart worldclergymen with abut view writers to transforming in the field it. of political Most ., communismtheThis.book high byschool is first intended student. examining to provide foundations comprehensive of hiS The autho- feels the student, analysis ownof communismbeliefs. especially geared can best approach the study of& Winston, Inc., 1968. It is a comparative study. to G. BIBLIOGRAPHY (continued pg 2) 57 Egbert. University. Press. 1952. This volume is a compilation of n11' & Stow Persons. (eds.) Vol. essays on the relationship of socialism to American life 1. Socialism and American Life. Princeton: Princeton Hauer, Christian E. psycholog'y,'Ilterature,bases,and thought. philosophical origins, and art sociological of socialism. From the EuropeanCrisis andorigins Conscience of socialism, in the Middle'East. the aspects, political and economic theory to the essays range from religious ofDr.refugees, theHauer, Middle aoccupation noted East, Protestant probes of Jerusalem, deeply theologian into administration and the core of educator familiar with the culture and politics the problems of the area today Chicago:Quadrangle Books. 1970. - C:C:C: MaCDcnald, J. Ramsey. Ccmpany. movement, and the moves to reconciliation and 1924. Socialism. Critical and Constructive. peace. of the holy places, the burgeoning guerrilla Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill is9 Martin, Robert Bernard. Thetrying former to Primeanswer Minister slanders writes about withthe system. The Dust of Combat.Londen; sympathy about the beliefs and ideals of socialism, Faber & Faber. 1959'. Pease, Margaret. conscienceCharlesbase of Kingsley's the of Chartistthe English "dust movement. ofchurch combat" and English was chiefly concerned with his battle with the people over the social problems at the Thisgraduallysocialists is the and storywho ardently looked of a Frenchman forsupported revolution world Jean Jaures. New York: 14.W. Huebsch. 1917. at the turn of the century who had no patienceor social with cataclysm. the peace as a necessity for this. He felt socialism would come Preston,G. Nathaniel Stone. BIBLIOGRAPHY (continued pg. 3) Politics, Economics and Power. New York: Macmillan Company. 1967. 58 malepower.andThe intoauthor economicsshow hassome attempted andof thepolitical to portray life, theto showchoices the of goals that certain consequences of the different ways of relating economic and political means by which they seek to fulfill them, men and nations have Schurrpeter, Joseph A. argumentsBelieving thatMarxist capitalism arguments is wrong,being killedthe author by its achievements. Ca italism Socialism and Democracy. goes to considerable trouble to marshal his New York: Harper & Row. Asking can socialism 1950. Von Mises, Ludwig. Thiswork?", is ahe scathing answers, attack "of course on the it "naive can!" fanaticism" of Socialism. New Haven: Yale University Press. socialists to abolish property in 1951. SIMULA:riONSKOLKHOZ the means of production. Thisfamiliesandfarms gamesome run, isofand -designedthe Statethe political general Banker, to teach principlesdetails representatiye the studentsof ofrunning economics ofeconomic farms.Gosplan, as philosophiesthey and National Planning Students play Kolkhoz manager, peasant apply to collective farm operation upon which collective Agency. BoardYorktown845NorthernWorchester of Fox Cooperative MeadowsHeights, Road EducationalNew County York 10598 Services 59 MANCHESTER farmersThe economics to the ofcity. the early As squires, farmers, Industrial Revolution in England millowner, laborers, students illustrated by the movement negotiate for of wages ami learn to make Princeton,55Educational Chapel StreetNew Development Jersey production decisions. Center