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An Evaluative Study of Some Selected Libraries in India Undergoing the Process of Digitization

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An Evaluative Study of Some Selected Libraries in India Undergoing the Process of Digitization An Evaluative Study of Some Selected Libraries in India Undergoing the Process of Digitization Thesis submitted at the Faculty of Arts, Jadavpur University, Kolkata For the Award of Doctor of Philosophy Anup Kumar Das Jadavpur University Kolkata, India 2008 License: CC BY-NC-ND License: CC BY-NC-ND To My Beloved Parents (Late Sri Ramesh Chandra Das and Late Smt. Bani Das) Who Are Always in My Heart and Soul License: CC BY-NC-ND Acknowledgement This is high time for me to take this opportunity to express gratitude and thanks from the core of my heart to those without whose cooperation it would not at all possible to complete this task. At first, I want to express profuse thanks to my research supervisors Dr. Chaitali Dutta and Prof. Bimal Kanti Sen. They rendered expert guidance and generous help in the successful turnover of this work and assisted me in different ways by allowing exploiting different facilities on their own behalf. I am highly obliged to my academic mentors Prof. S.B. Ghosh, Smt T. A. Pandalai and Late Smt Aruna Karanjai for their valuable discussions and suggestions about my topic. At many critical junctures in my life, the motherly affection of Smt Karanjai helped me in attainment of my professional goals. I am extremely thankful to the respondents of my survey questionnaire, and key persons of the digitization initiatives across India who have been interviewed by me during my field study. They have also extended their friendly supports while demonstrating their digitization processes. In this connection, I would like to mention pioneering names in this nascent area who gave me a deep insight on the subject during my field visit at their institutions: Dr. Usha Mujoo Munshi of INSA, New Delhi; Dr. M.G. Sreekumar of IIM Kozhikode; Shri A. Hariharan of SERC, Chennai; Dr. Jagdish Arora of IIT Delhi; Prof. A.R.D. Prasad of DRTC, Bangalore; Dr. Vamshi Ambati of IIIT Hyderabad; Dr. V.N. Shukla of CDAC Noida; Prof. N. Balakrishnan of IISc Bangalore; Dr. S. Arunachalam of MSSRF, Chennai; and Dr. Ramesh C. Gaur of IGNCA, New Delhi. My extreme gratitude finds no horizon to express her thankful acknowledgement to Ms. Jocelyne Josiah of UNESCO; Ms. Minja Yang of UNESCO; Prof. P.N. Desai, Chairperson, Centre for Studies in Science Policy (CSSP), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU); and other colleagues in JNU and UNESCO Office in New Delhi, who continuously encouraged me from different dimensions to complete this research work. License: CC BY-NC-ND I am extremely thankful to Prof. Amitabha Chatterjee and Late Prof. Prabir Roy Chowdhury of Jadavpur University; Smt Kalpana Dasgupta of National Knowledge Commission for their valued guidance towards right orientation. The support from Dr. Krishnapada Majumder, Head, Department of Library and Information Science, Jadavpur University, at some critical junctures helped me to overcome some difficulties. I am taking this opportunity to express my gratitude to him. Necessary assistance from all other faculty and staff members of the Department of Library and Information Science, Jadavpur University, has been thankfully acknowledged. Various academic discussions and useful tips from the following distinguished personalities are hereby gratefully acknowledged: Prof. Sujit Bhattacharya, Prof. V.V. Krishna, and Prof. S.K. Kejariwal of JNU; Prof. J.K. Sarkhel of Kalyani University; Dr. P.S. Mukhopadhyaya and Prof. S.C. Biswas of University of Burdwan; Shri Prakash Chand, Smt Nishy P. and Shri G. Mahesh of NISCAIR; Prof. Uma Kanjilal, Prof. Neena Talwar Kanungo and Dr. Jaideep Sharma of IGNOU; and Shri Ashok Sharma and Dr. Shankar Chowdhury of UNESCO. I am expressing hearty thanks to my friends Bidyarthi, Bhaswati, Susmita-di, Indrani-di, Subir, Swapan, Sujit-da, Gopal-da, Aulie, Sanjay, Sabuj, Sevukan, Manidipa (Chotan), Dr. Premesh Sarkar, Dr. Jyotirmoy Samajder, Dr. Kaushik Sur, and other anonymous friends who stretched their friendly hands at some critical junctures to accelerate progress of this project. This is the right time for me to remember my respected parents, my beloved sister (Late Smt Ranjana Das), my beloved Banima (Late Smt Bani Rani Ghosh, 1924-2002), who left me and was surely happiest persons at such buoyant moment of my life. I am also grateful to my uncle (Prof. Ranajit Kr. Dutta), parents-in-law (Shri S.N. Mukherjee and Smt Dipali Mukherjee) and brothers (Ashim and Ujjwal) for their incessant inspiration and cooperation in executing this job. Last but not the least, my wife Smt Anasua sacrificed a lot for successful turnover of my applied effort and lent her hands at every moment. v License: CC BY-NC-ND Preface Digitization of library materials provides an excellent opportunity to widely disseminate our documentary heritages and greatly increases access to library collections of rare documents as well as current research literature. Indian digitization initiatives aim at producing a vast amount of digitized documents pertaining to different forms of recorded human knowledge, ranging from the rare manuscripts to current research literature. This work contains six chapters in all. The first chapter is ‘Introduction’, and it is sub-divided in different sections. The first section describes the background of the work. The next few sections have introduced with some fundamental concepts, for instance, open access, digital library, information retrieval, etc. These concepts form the basis of this study. In this chapter, some national and international policy instruments and guidelines along with the published literature by Indian practitioners are critically reviewed for better theoretical understandings of the subject. Digital Library of India (DLI) is the largest digitization initiative in India spreading across states of India and involving over ninety organizations to ensure several thousands of rare books written in Indian languages as well as non-Indian languages are accessible through Internet channel. Chapter 2 critically appraises different aspects of the DLI project such as collaboration pattern, digitization processes, metadata practices, information retrieval, etc. The higher education system in a country produces advanced research literature in the form of theses and dissertations in both thrust areas of the country as well as in the emerging academic fields. The researchers in the country need to consult results of past researches in order to expand frontiers of knowledge. Theses and dissertations are constant in demand for our academic research, although availability of the same is the matter of concern. Chapter 3 critically appraises different aspects of digitization work for theses and dissertations in higher learning institutions in India, more particularly initiatives such as Vidyanidhi Digital Library project, ETD@IISc and OpenMed@NIC. vi License: CC BY-NC-ND Documentary heritage collections in the memory institutions in the country are on the verge of extinction. Chapter 4 critically appraises digitization programmes of two national level institutions covering the documentary heritage collections across states of India. While Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) is engaged in multimedia documentation and digitization of multilingual documents in the areas of Indian culture, art and heritage, National Mission for Manuscripts focuses on most valuable collections of rare manuscripts covering many subject areas. Journal literature is an important kind of research communication, where scholars publish their research findings. Indian journals can be found in almost every subject field – making a value addition to the world research literature. However, Indian journals were not available to the international research communities due to the weaker distribution channel. Indian journals as well as research papers published by Indian scholars in these journals were less visible to the international research communities. However, the research communication process has been drastically changed with the adoption of modern ICT-enabled publishing environment by the Indian journal publishers. Most of the publishers of Indian research journals belong to non-profit making scientific societies or institutions. Thus, open access to Indian journal literature was one of the viable options for making Indian journals internationally visible and available. Chapter 5 critically appraises digitization initiatives of some scientific institutions in India to make the retrospective volumes of Indian journals available. This chapter covers four major Indian open access journal initiatives, namely, e-Journals@INSA, Indian Academy of Sciences published journals, medIND@NIC, Medknow Publications. Chapter 6, derived from the present research findings, concludes with a proposal of a theoretical framework for an inclusive national digital information system integrating all kinds of stakeholders, policy instruments, best practices and indicators for harnessing a knowledge society. vii License: CC BY-NC-ND Table of Contents Page Chapter 1: Introduction 1–39 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Concepts of Digitization and Digital Library 2 1.2.1 Documents and Collections in Digital Library Systems 1.2.2 Evaluation of Digitization Work and Digital Library System 1.3 Problem Definition 6 1.4 Objectives of the Study 7 1.5 Scope 8 1.6 Methodology 8 1.7 Review of Literature 10 1.7.1 International and National Policy Instruments 1.7.2 Digitization Guidelines and Best Practices 1.7.3 Literature Describing National Digitization Initiatives 1.8 Chapterization 31 1.9 References 33 Chapter 2: India’s
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