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AFRICA. Urelytrum Henrardii Chippindall Agropyroidei Hack

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Contributions to the grass flora of Africa t>y Lucy Chippindall (Division of Botany and Plant Pathology, Pretoria) (with 4 figures) (Issued on 16. X. 1946). TROPICAL AFRICA AND PART I — THREE NEW GRASSES FROM PANICUM LANIPES MEZ IN SOUTH AND SOUTH WEST AFRICA. Urelytrum Henrardii Chippindall sp. nov.; ab U. agropyroidei Hack., foliorum laminis cui e descriptione affine, culmis gracilibus, non hirsutis, longe attenuatis, longioribus, racemis flavido-viridibus, spicularum sessilium gluma inferiore 5-nervi, arista breviore distinguendum Fig. 1.— Culmi Gramen perenne caespitosum, usque ad 92 cm altum. erecti, Folia simplices, graciles, pauci-nodes, glabri, racemos versus asperuli. plerumque basalia; vaginae internodiis longiores, sublaxae, striatae, apicem versus carinatae, basales glabrae laevesque, superiores pilis patulis laxe pilosae, ore villoso-barbatae; ligulae scariosae, rotundato-obtusae, 0.8—1.25 tenuiter vel leviter mm longae; laminae lineares, apice setaceae, planae conduplicatae, usque ad 38 cm longae, 3—3.8 mm latae, marginibus scabridis, costis asperulis, pone ligulam pilis longis exceptis glabrae. Racemi ad culmi apicem solitarii, stricti, fragiles, subcylindrici, fere glabri, flavidi vel pallide flavido-virides, saltem 16 cm longi; articuli rhacheos compressi, infimo usque ad 2 cm longo, scaberuli, margine uno superne rigide ciliati, appendice membranacea inaequaliter dentata ciliolata; pedicelli articulis similes, sed appendice minore. Spiculae sessiles biflorae, 7.5—8.2 callus anguste lanceolato-oblongae, mm longae (callo excluso); crassus, rotundato-obtusus, basi barbatus. Glumae subaequales, minute punctatae; inferior spiculam aequans, coriacea, marginibus hyalinis, explanata lanceolata, subconvexa, subacuta, 5-nervis, dorso apicem versus parce spinuloso-ciliata, superne bicarnata, carinis angustissime alatis, alis spinuloso-ciliatis; superior inferiore paulo brevior, firme membranacea, marginibus hyalinis apice minute ciliolata, lanceolata, acuta, 3-nervis, carina superne carinata, anguste alata, ala spinuloso-ciliata. Anthoecium inferum : lemma tenuiter hyalinum, lanceolato-ovatum, 6—6.5 mm longum, 2-nerve, minute bidentatum, marginibus apicem versus minute ciliolatum; palea lemmati similis sed angustior et paulo longior; antherae 3 mm lodiculae lemma lemmati longae; glabrae. Anthoecium superum : anthoecii inferi simile sed 3-nerve, apice latius; palea angustior. Spiculae 26 BLUMEA, Suppl. 11l (Dr J. TH. HENRARD Jubilee Vol.) 16. X. 1946. to LUCY CHIPPINDALL : Contributions the grass flora of Africa 27 pedicellatae illis sessilibus absimiles, neutrae, ad glumas lemmaque 2—2.75 redactae, sine arista mm longae. Glumae coriaceae, marginibus hyalinis superne ciliolatae, minute punctatae; inferior spiculae aequilonga, lanceolata, 5-nervis, ad carinam superne angustissime alata, ala spinuloso- scabridam ciliata, in aristam 9—12.5 mm longam excurrente; superior inferiore paulo longior, apice integra, obtusa, superne carinata, carina anguste alata, ala spinuloso-ciliata, obscure 5-nervis. Lemma tenuiter hyalinum, parvum. Northern Rhodesia: Munshiwemba, common on roadside, F. 0. Stohr 7S9, February 1942. affinis D. intermediae Danthoniopsis acutigluma Chippindall sp. nov.; C. E. Hubbard, sed culmis altioribus 3-nodibus, foliorum laminis longioribus et latioribus, rhachi leviter pilosa, spieulis majoribus, gluma inferiore lemmate inferiore acuta, gluma superiore marginibus superne pubescente, superne pubescente aristaque longiore differt — Fig. 2. nodi Gramen perenne caespitosum. Culmi erecti, simpliees, 3-nodes, ad 80 Foliorum internodiis villosuli, usque em alti, glabri. vaginae teretes, breviores, sparse pilosae; ligulae ad ciliorum seriem densam redactae; laminae lineares, in acumen attenuatae, usque ad 26 cm longae et 9 mm latae, planae vel siccitate convolutae, molliter pilosae, marginibus scaberulis cartilagineis, margine uno crispo. Panicula linearis, densiuscula, 8—11.5 cm longa, 1.5—2 cm lata; rhachis leviter pilosa nodis dense villosulis; rami solitarii, dense pubescentes, inferiores usque ad 5 cm longi; pedicelli 0.5—4 mm longi. Spiculae elliptico-lanceolatae, acuminatae, flavidae, Glumae nervis viridibus, 11—12.5 mm longae. membranaeeae; inferior elliptieo-ovata, acuta, 8 mm longa, 3-nervis, apice pilis paucis minutis praedita; superior rostrato-acuminata, 11—12.5 mm longa, 5-nervis, minute Anthoecium inferum marginibus superne pubescentibus. : lemma 9—9.5 lanceolatum, mm longa, 5—sub-7-nerve, parte interiore superne pubescente, ceterum glabrum; palea oblongo-lanceolata, apice bidentata, 7 mm longa, carinis apicem versus ciliolata; antherae 4 mm longae. Anthoecium superum § : callus brevissimus, obtusus, pilis usque ad 3 mm dense 6.5—7 longis barbatus; lemma mm longum (lobis exclusis), 9-nerve, lobis 1.2—3 basi bilobum, acutis, ciliolatis, mm longis, longe pilosum, prope medium pilorum alborum fasciculis 8 in seriem transversam unam dispositis arista 15.5—17 barbatum; scaberula, mm longa, columna 4.5—5 mm longa; palea anguste oblongo-lanceolata, 6 mm longa, apice bidentata, carinis ciliolatis e basi ad medium alatis, alis ciliolatis apice auriculatis. Antherae 3 mm longae. Lodiculae glabrae. Northern Rhodesia: north side of Mwendafye near Munshiwemba, F. O. Stohr 786, March 1942. By reason of its distinctly lower the new acute glume, species may Fig. 1, UrelytrumHenrardii Chippindall — a. Plant, X ½; b. pair of spikelets, ± d. sessile 3: d. lower X 3; c. ligule, natural size; to p. spikelet, X glume, e. upper h. anther from glume, f. lower lemma, g. lower palea, lower floret, j. lodicules from lower from floret, k. upper lemma, m. upper palea, n. lodicules upper floret, p. ovary; to — r. s. pedicelled spikelet, X 3: r. lower glume, s. upper glume; t. lemma del. Rhona Brown. 28 HENRARD BLITMEA, Suppl. XXI (Dr J. Til. Jubilee Vol.) 16. X. 1946. Lucy Chippinidall Contributions to the : grass flora of Africa 29 also be compared with D. wasaënsis (Vanderyst) C. E. Hubbard, but differs villosulous from it in having rigid, not compressible culms, nodes, a shorter, narrower panicle, larger spikelets, pubescent glumes and lower lemma and a longer awn. From D. viridis (Rendle) C. E. Hubbard, it may be distinguished by its lowermost leaf-sheaths being glabrous, its nodes not bearded, much smaller panicle, acute lower glume, pubescent lower lemma and longer awn. D. intermedia C. E. Hubbard is described as having the lowest inter- node "sublanate to glabrous". There is no indication of lana on Dr Stohr's specimen, and the leaf-sheaths are sparSely, not densely pilose. The pubes- cence in the upper part on the inner surface of the lower lemma appears to be a character not found in the other species of the genus. Trichopteryx elegantula Stapf var. katangensis Chippindall var. nov.: albidis minoribus a typo pedicellis apice pilis rigidis barbatis, spiculis 2.5—3 mm longis differt — Fig. 3. Belgian Congo: Haut-Katanga, Elizabethville, in shady situation on road- in rich soil. P. 1927. side, growing light, Very rare, Quarré 1097, January Trichopteryx stolziana Henrard, T. Glanvillei Hubbard and T. elegan- allied. tula Stapf appear to be very closely None of them, unfortunately, is in the National Herbarium at that represented Pretoria, so my observ- ations are based on the descriptions given in the Flora of Tropical Africa, Vol. X (1937). from the T. elegantula is separated other two species by reason of its internode than half of having "uppermost (peduncle) more the length the culm". Plate 2394 in Hooker's Icones Plantarum XXIV (1895) of this species depicts three plants, each of which .has small panicles partly en- closed in the tightly rolled sheaths of leaves below the terminal inflores- cence — a character found in twelve of the twenty plants constituting the duplicate of Quarré 1097 in the National Herbarium, and shown in b and These lateral borne slender Fig. 3 c. panicles, however, are on very branches of the central culm and the plants cannot be described as having the "uppermost internode more than half the length of the culm". The in culms are simple the other eight units of the specimen (Fig. 3 a). It differs from T. stolziana in bearded nodes and its having upper glume loosely pilose; from T. Glanvillei in having the intermediate leaf- shorter sheaths than the internodes. T. stolziana is described as having the "panicle exserted at maturity", while in T. Glanvillei it is "enclosed at the base in the uppermost leaf-sheath". In M. Quarre's specimen there are seven plants with exserted, and thirteen with enclosed panicles. They in from vary height 6—16.5 cm, including the inflorescences. They differ from all the allied species in having somewhat smaller spikelets and their pedicel-tips bearded — a character confined hitherto the five to perennial species of the genus so far described. Fig. 2, Danthoniopsis acutigluma Chippindall — a. Plant, X ½; b. ligule, X c. 2; lower d. lower c. glume; upper glume; e. lemma; f. lower palea; g. upper lemma; h. upper palea; j. bisexual flower with lodicules; k. stigmas and immature ovary — Dissections X 3½ — del. Rhona Brown. 30 BLUMEA, Suppl. 11l (Dr J. TH. HENRAKD Jubilee Vol.) 16. X. 1946. Fig. 3, Trichopteryx elegantulaStapf. var. katangensis Chippindall — a. to c. Plants, natural size, showing a. simple culm, b. branched culm with the terminal panicle enclosed at the base, c. branched culm with the terminal panicle exserted; d. single spikelet with bearded pedicel, ± 8 X; e. upper lemma, ± 8 X. — del. Rhona Brown. Lucy Chippinpat.t, : Contributions to the grass flora
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    EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF DIOECY IN ANGIOSPERMS: THE EFFECTS OF BREEDING SYSTEM ON SPECIATION AND EXTINCTION RATES by JANA C. HEILBUTH B.Sc, Simon Fraser University, 1996 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Zoology) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2001 © Jana Heilbuth, 2001 Wednesday, April 25, 2001 UBC Special Collections - Thesis Authorisation Form Page: 1 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada http://www.library.ubc.ca/spcoll/thesauth.html ABSTRACT Dioecy, the breeding system with male and female function on separate individuals, may affect the ability of a lineage to avoid extinction or speciate. Dioecy is a rare breeding system among the angiosperms (approximately 6% of all flowering plants) while hermaphroditism (having male and female function present within each flower) is predominant. Dioecious angiosperms may be rare because the transitions to dioecy have been recent or because dioecious angiosperms experience decreased diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) compared to plants with other breeding systems.
  • Gramineae) VIII

    Gramineae) VIII

    Studies in the Arundinelleae (Gramineae) VIII. The Phylogeny — A Hypothesis J.B. Phipps Department of Botany, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada Contents Page Abstract 477 1. Introduction 477 2. The nature and interpretation of phylogenetic evidence 478 (i) Phylogenies hypothetical 478 (ii) The interpretation of phylogenetic evidence 478 (iii) Conservative characters 478 (iv) Selection of advanced and primitive character states 479 The (v) character states used 479 (vi) Number of characters used 480 The 3. representation of a phylogeny 480 (i) Principles for arranging cladograms 481 classifications 4. Phyletic 481 Criteria for this 5. accepted paper 481 6. The phylogeny deduced 482 Individual (i) genera 482 Discussion of within (ii) genera groups 485 (iii) The tribe as a whole 487 7. Phyletic conclusions 488 (i) Geographical considerations 488 (ii) Parallelism 489 (iii) Evolutionary reversals 490 (iv) Postulation of a primitive or proto-Arundinellean 490 A (v) phyletic classification 491 8. Summary 491 Acknowledgements 492 References 492 Abstract This study considers the 163 species accepted as belonging to the tribe Arundinelleae (Gramineae) and into A is arranges them a putative cladogram. discussion ofthe rationale presented, 38 characters are studied for advanced versus primitive states, advancement indices calculated, and trends of variation discussed. The six major groups ofPhipps (1966b) are maintained. The phylogeny conforms excellently with the of the continental drift it for the geographical aspects hypothesis though requires a greater age Angiosperms than is generally held to be the case. I. Introduction The the with the tribe Arundinelleae present paper, eighth in a series dealing variationin amine derive a of a (Gr ae), is an attempt to tentative phylogeny group quite intensively 21 478 BLUMEA VOL.