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Parliaments and Legislatures Series Samuel C. Patterson
PARLIAMENTS AND LEGISLATURES SERIES SAMUEL C. PATTERSON GENERAL ADVISORY EDITOR Party Discipline and Parliamentary Government EDITED BY SHAUN BOWLER, DAVID M. FARRELL, AND RICHARD S. KATZ OHI O STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS COLUMBUS Copyright © 1999 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Party discipline and parliamentary government / edited by Shaun Bowler, David M. Farrell, and Richard S. Katz. p. cm. — (Parliaments and legislatures series) Based on papers presented at a workshop which was part of the European Consortium for Political Research's joint sessions in France in 1995. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8142-0796-0 (cl: alk. paper). — ISBN 0-8142-5000-9 (pa : alk. paper) 1. Party discipline—Europe, Western. 2. Political parties—Europe, Western. 3. Legislative bodies—Europe, Western. I. Bowler, Shaun, 1958- . II. Farrell, David M., 1960- . III. Katz, Richard S. IV. European Consortium for Political Research. V. Series. JN94.A979P376 1998 328.3/75/ 094—dc21 98-11722 CIP Text design by Nighthawk Design. Type set in Times New Roman by Graphic Composition, Inc. Printed by Bookcrafters, Inc.. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48-1992. 98765432 1 Contents Foreword vii Preface ix Part I: Theories and Definitions 1 Party Cohesion, Party Discipline, and Parliaments 3 Shaun Bowler, David M. Farrell, and Richard S. Katz 2 How Political Parties Emerged from the Primeval Slime: Party Cohesion, Party Discipline, and the Formation of Governments 23 Michael Laver and Kenneth A. -
Lauren Morgan Richard III's Bestial Masculinity and the Rhetoric Of
Morgan 1 Lauren Morgan Richard III’s Bestial Masculinity and the Rhetoric of Animality in Thomas More's The History of King Richard III and The True Tragedie of Richard the Third Due to more recent scholarship by feminist and queer theorists, the study of gender in the early modern period tends to shift its focus on the marginalized by allocating agency to those outside the apex of male-dominated power structures. Rather than analyzing those outside the center, I focus within the structure by exposing incongruities that existed inside male performances of masculinity in early modern patriarchy. More specifically, I aim to demonstrate how Richard III, through Tudor discourse, functions as a beast figure who disrupts order and traditional lines of succession due to his excessive masculine aggression and monstrous violence. The literary accounts which follow the death and history of Richard Duke of Gloucester offer rich complexity to the evolving discourse on his reign and character. During the Tudor Era, he was examined in “ballads and beast fables, riddles and prophecies, chronicles and histories, verse complaints, paradoxes and plays in both Latin and English” (Schwyzer 173), featured most prominently as a bestial character, a boar personified, akin to the beast he used as his badge. For Tudor writers, much of what is written surrounding Richard III’s reign colluded in the Tudor characterization of the fifteenth century monarch as the embodiment of war, bloodshed, and instability – a beast-fable figure who appears as a warning against masculine misrule. These characterizations feature most prominently in Thomas More’s History of King Richard III and the anonymous The True Tragedie of Richard the Third. -
Wars of the Roses Background Notes
Wars of the Roses Background Notes Source 1 – Portrait of Edward III This portrait of Edward III hangs in the South Quire Aisle of St George’s Chapel. It shows Edward as an old man, wearing the crown of England, holding the orb of state, and carrying his 6 foot sword, piercing the crowns of Scotland and France. In addition, he wears the George suspended from a blue ribbon, the insignia of his great establishment, the Order of the Garter. In the account book of Henry Beaumont, Canon Treasurer [SGC XV.59.32], we find the following entry in 1615: Maii 24 Ki. Ed. 3. oure founders picture 8li et ultra ijs ijd per billam mri Baker viijli ijs ijd [May 24: King Edward III our founder’s picture £8 and an additional 2s 2d by Mr Baker’s bill £8 2s 2d] 3 days later, on the 27th May, an entry records that a curtain was made by Daye and Berdill to hang over the painting, at a cost of 17s 8d. In 1347 following triumphs in France, Edward wanted a way to reward those who had stood by him and helped him achieve his successes. His new Order of the Garter would do this. As originally conceived by Edward, the Order of the Garter would consist of twenty-four knights including the Sovereign. By 1352, this number had increased to twenty-six. These knights would be bound together by the chivalric code and loyalty to their monarch. There are many mysteries surrounding the identity of St George, but the most commonly believed is that he was a soldier in the Roman Army, part of the imperial guard of Emperor Diocletian. -
Alaris Capture Pro Software
The Red Rose of Lancaster? JOHN ASHDOWN—HILL In the fifteenth century the rival houses of Lancaster and York fought the ‘Wars of the Roses’ for possession of the crown. When, in 1485, the new Tudor monarch, Henry VII, brought these wars to an end, he united, by his mam'age to Elizabeth of York, the red rose of Lancaster and the white rose of York, to create a new emblem and a new dynasty. Thus was born the Tudor rose. So might run a popular account, and botanists, searching through the lists of medieval rose cultivars, have even proposed identifications of the red rose of Lancaster with Rosa Gallica and the white rose of York with Rosa Alba, while the bi-coloured Tudor rose is linked to the naturally occurring variegated sport of Rosa Gallica known as ‘Rosa Mundi’ (Rosa Gallica versicolor), or alternatively, to the rather paler Rosa Damascena versicolor. It should, perhaps, be observed that Rosa Gallica, while somewhat variable in colour. is more likely to be a shade of pink than bright red, and Rosa Alba, while generally white in colour, also occurs in shades of pink, so that in nature the colour~distinction between the two roses is not always clear. ‘Rosa Mundi’ is also strictly speaking variegated in two shades of pink, rather than being literally red and white.‘ The label ‘Wars of the Roses’was a late invention, first employed only in 1829, by Sir Walter Scott, in his romantic novel Anne of Geierstein.2 The story of the rose emblems might appear on casual inspection to be well-founded, for we find ample evidence of Tudor roses bespattering Tudor coinage and royal architecture, for example, at Hampton Court, the Henry VII chapel at Westminster, and at Cambridge, on the gates of Christ’s and St John’s Colleges, and in King’s College chapel. -
The Livery Collar: Politics and Identity in Fifteenth-Century England
The Livery Collar: Politics and Identity in Fifteenth-Century England MATTHEW WARD, SA (Hons), MA Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy AUGUST 2013 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, lS23 7BQ www.bl.uk ANY MAPS, PAGES, TABLES, FIGURES, GRAPHS OR PHOTOGRAPHS, MISSING FROM THIS DIGITAL COPY, HAVE BEEN EXCLUDED AT THE REQUEST OF THE UNIVERSITY Abstract This study examines the social, cultural and political significance and utility of the livery collar during the fifteenth century, in particular 1450 to 1500, the period associated with the Wars of the Roses in England. References to the item abound in government records, in contemporary chronicles and gentry correspondence, in illuminated manuscripts and, not least, on church monuments. From the fifteenth century the collar was regarded as a potent symbol of royal power and dignity, the artefact associating the recipient with the king. The thesis argues that the collar was a significant aspect of late-medieval visual and material culture, and played a significant function in the construction and articulation of political and other group identities during the period. The thesis seeks to draw out the nuances involved in this process. It explores the not infrequently juxtaposed motives which lay behind the king distributing livery collars, and the motives behind recipients choosing to depict them on their church monuments, and proposes that its interpretation as a symbol of political or dynastic conviction should be re-appraised. After addressing the principal functions and meanings bestowed on the collar, the thesis moves on to examine the item in its various political contexts. -
Heraldic Badges, We
P/zoto . S ooner p . ) F 1 0 I . f f - A ee eater (Tower o London) in his full dre ss unifo rm s ho win the B , g o f “ e ancient method earing the badg . ARTH UR CH ARL ES FO " - DAVIES ’ O F L x N O L - - C N s IN N , BA R R IST ER AT LA W WIT H NUME ROUS I L L U S T R A T I O N S LO DO : OH LA THE BODL Y H AD N N J N NE , E E N EW YORK : OH LA CO PA Y C VI I J N NE M N . M M WI L I M L W L D L S . L A C O ES A N D SON S , LT D . , O N DON A N BECC E L IS T OF IL L US TR A TION S F IG . 1 A f T ower o f L f - s . Bee eater ( ondon) in his ull dre s uni f n o f orm , showing the a cient method wearing the badge Frontispie ce T O F AC E PAG E 2 o f E f 2 2 . The Badge ngland , rom the Royal Warrant o f f 3 . The Badge Scotland , rom the Royal Warrant e of f 4 . The Badg Ireland , rom the Royal Warrant o f f 5 The second Badge Ireland , rom the Royal War rant 6 fl o f U f . The ( oral) Badge the nited Kingdom , rom the Royal Warrant o f U n f t he 7 . -
The Richard Iii Society Mail Order Catalogue: Issue No 22 – January 2021 Books and Pamphlets
THE RICHARD III SOCIETY MAIL ORDER CATALOGUE: ISSUE NO 22 – JANUARY 2021 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS PRICE M 1/ P&P STOCK REF TITLE/DESCRIPTION PRICE NON UK/EU/ROW M 2 215 A Year in the Life of Medieval England Toni Mount The medieval era is often associated with dynastic struggles, gruesome wars and £3.85 the formidable influence of the Church. But what about the everyday experience £9.50 £4.50 of the royal subjects and common people? Here can be found the fabric of £10.50 medieval life as it was really lived, in its folk songs, recipes and local gossip. £4.70 With a diverse range of entries – one for each day of the year – historian Toni Mount provides an almanac for lovers of all things medieval. Now in paperback 207 The Betrayal of Richard III VB Lamb & Peter Hammond. £2.50 In this classic work, Peter Hammond and the late VB Lamb survey the life and £7.50 times of Richard III and examine the contemporary evidence for the events of £3.97 £8.50 his reign. An ideal introduction to one of the greatest mysteries of English £4.98 history, this new edition is revised by Peter Hammond and includes an introduction and notes. Paperback 267 Brought Up of Nought: A History of the Woodvile Family NEW Lynda Pidgeon £4.55 £24.00 Brought Up of Nought investigates the family origins and explains the rise and £6.50 fall of the senior branch from 'baron' to gentry, and how, in the early fifteenth £28.00 £9.50 century, the wheel of fortune turned dramatically in favour of the junior branch in Northamptonshire, which rose to the highest level of society. -
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE POSSE COMITATUS 1798 the Posse Comitatus, P
THE BUCKINGHAMSHIRE POSSE COMITATUS 1798 The Posse Comitatus, p. 632 THE BUCKINGHAMSHIRE POSSE COMITATUS 1798 IAN F. W. BECKETT BUCKINGHAMSHIRE RECORD SOCIETY No. 22 MCMLXXXV Copyright ~,' 1985 by the Buckinghamshire Record Society ISBN 0 801198 18 8 This volume is dedicated to Professor A. C. Chibnall TYPESET BY QUADRASET LIMITED, MIDSOMER NORTON, BATH, AVON PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY ANTONY ROWE LIMITED, CHIPPENHAM, WILTSHIRE FOR THE BUCKINGHAMSHIRE RECORD SOCIETY CONTENTS Acknowledgments p,'lge vi Abbreviations vi Introduction vii Tables 1 Variations in the Totals for the Buckinghamshire Posse Comitatus xxi 2 Totals for Each Hundred xxi 3-26 List of Occupations or Status xxii 27 Occupational Totals xxvi 28 The 1801 Census xxvii Note on Editorial Method xxviii Glossary xxviii THE POSSE COMITATUS 1 Appendixes 1 Surviving Partial Returns for Other Counties 363 2 A Note on Local Military Records 365 Index of Names 369 Index of Places 435 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The editor gratefully acknowledges the considerable assistance of Mr Hugh Hanley and his staff at the Buckinghamshire County Record Office in the preparation of this edition of the Posse Comitatus for publication. Mr Hanley was also kind enough to make a number of valuable suggestions on the first draft of the introduction which also benefited from the ideas (albeit on their part unknowingly) of Dr J. Broad of the North East London Polytechnic and Dr D. R. Mills of the Open University whose lectures on Bucks village society at Stowe School in April 1982 proved immensely illuminating. None of the above, of course, bear any responsibility for any errors of interpretation on my part. -
Appendix: “Ideology, Grandstanding, and Strategic Party Disloyalty in the British Parliament”
Appendix: \Ideology, Grandstanding, and Strategic Party Disloyalty in the British Parliament" August 8, 2017 Appendix Table of Contents • Appendix A: Wordscores Estimation of Ideology • Appendix B: MP Membership in Ideological Groups • Appendix C: Rebellion on Different Types of Divisions • Appendix D: Models of Rebellion on Government Sponsored Bills Only • Appendix E: Differences in Labour Party Rebellion Following Leadership Change • Appendix F: List of Party Switchers • Appendix G: Discussion of Empirical Model Appendix A: Wordscores Estimation of Ideology This Appendix describes our method for ideologically scaling British MPs using their speeches on the welfare state, which were originally produced for a separate study on welfare reform (O'Grady, 2017). We cover (i) data collection, (ii) estimation, (iii) raw results, and (iv) validity checks. The resulting scales turn out to be highly valid, and provide an excellent guide to MPs' ideologies using data that is completely separate to the voting data that forms the bulk of the evidence in our paper. A1: Collection of Speech Data Speeches come from an original collection of every speech made about issues related to welfare in the House of Commons from 1987-2007, covering the period over which the Labour party moved 1 to the center under Tony Blair, adopted and enacted policies of welfare reform, and won office at the expense of the Conservatives. Restricting the speeches to a single issue area is useful for estimating ideologies because with multiple topics there is a danger of conflating genuine extremism (a tendency to speak in extreme ways) with a tendency or requirement to talk a lot about topics that are relatively extreme to begin with (Lauderdale and Herzog, 2016). -
From Brussels and Closer to Home
Controversies From Brussels and Closer to Home Dr Lee Rotherham 1 Controversies from Brussels and closer to home Dr Lee Rotherham With a foreword by Lord Lamont 2 Controversies Spies and the building of United Europe What is Britain’s EU bill? Winston Churchill and European integration The lost AV debates Did Ted Heath lie? “Government by fax”: fact or fiction? Is the UK better off out? 3 ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr Lee Rotherham (he has two research degrees on French Canadian history) is a leading expert on the European Union, having witnessed its work from a variety of peculiar angles. From a starting role as researcher to Sir Richard Body MP and the eurorebel “Westminster Group of Eight” in John Major’s day, the 1997 election so thoroughly liquidated Conservative staffers that he was taken on as an adviser by three successive Shadow Foreign Secretaries. He also assumed a formal and informal role working with a variety of other Conservative front benchers, not least in formulating fisheries policy. In part this was based in Dan Hannan’s office at the European Parliament, where he formed an early appreciation of the opportunities offered outside of the old EPP alliance and working with eurosceptics from across the continent. Subsequently, during the Convention on the Future of Europe, he played a central part alongside delegate MP David Heathcoat-Amory at the heart of the international opposition to the EU Constitution. Beyond Parliament, he has worked in publishing, teaching, heritage, and consultancy, and has served with the Territorial Army in both Iraq and Afghanistan. -
Nooks and Corners of English Life, Past and Present by John Timbs
Nooks and Corners of English Life, Past and Present by John Timbs I. Early English Life. DWELLING-PLACES OF THE EARLY BRITONS. t has been well observed that the structure of a house reveals much of the mode of life adopted by its inhabitants. The representations of the dwellings of the people of the less cultivated parts of Europe, contrasted with those of the more cultivated countries, should afford us the means of comparing their different degrees of civilization. In the same manner we may measure the growth of improvement in any one country by an attentive consideration of the structure and arrangement of the homes of the people at different periods. The aboriginal Britons are described as dwelling in slight cabins of reeds and wattles, and in some instances in caverns of the earth, many sets of which, arranged with some degree of symmetry, antiquaries have recognised; but Cæsar tells us that the maritime tribes had buildings in[Pg 2] the fashion of the Gauls—that is, of wood, of a circular figure, and thatched. Such towns as they had were clusters of huts erected on a cleared portion of the forest, which covered the greater part of the island; and they were invariably surrounded by a rampart, constructed of felled trees strongly interlaced and wattled, and a deep fosse, which together formed a fortification. The site of the modern city of London, with the river Thames in front, the river Fleet on the west, and an almost inpenetrable forest in the rear, may be taken as a fair specimen of the locality usually selected for the residence of the British Chief.[1] That our ancestors lived in caves is attested by the existence of a group of these abodes near Penzance, the most remarkable of all ancient British Caves hitherto discovered in Cornwall, and thus described by Mr. -
British Heraldry (1921)
BERKELEY / LIBRARY ^ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA J BRITISH HERALDRY BRITISH HERALDRY I, Arms of James I. 2, Great Seal of Scotland BRITISH HERALDRY CYRIL DAVENPORT V.D.. J.P., F.S.A. WITH 210 ILLUSTRATIONS BY TH^ AUTHOR NEW YORK E. P. DUTTON AND COMPANY PUBLISHERS Digitized by the Internet Arciiive in 2007 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.archive.org/details/britislilieraldryOOdavericli — CKicii CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE The Beginnings of Armory—The Bayeux Tapestry—Early Heraldic Manuscripts—The Heralds* College—Tourna- ments I CHAPTER n Shields and their Divisions— Colours a; d their Linear Repre- sentations as Designed by Silvestro Petra Sancta—Furs Charges on Shields— Heraldic Terms as to position and Arrangement of Charges—Marshalling—Cadency—How to Draw Up Genealogical Trees 13 CHAPTER HI Badges and Crests— List of Crests of Peers and Baronets, 191 2- 1920 53 CHAPTER IV Supporters—List of Supporters of Peers and Baronets, 1912- 1920 .143 CHAPTER V The Royal Heraldry of Great Britain and Ireland . 200 Index 217 166 — —— LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS rms of James I. Great Seal of Scotland . Frontispiece PAGE late I. Ancient Heraldry 2 I. English Shield from the Bayeux Tapestry—2. North American Tent with Armorial Totem—3. Rhodian Warrior with Armorial Shield 4. Standardof Duke William of Normandy— 5. Greek figure of Athene with Armorial Shield— 6. Norse Chessman with Armorial Shield 7. Standard of King Harold— 8. Norman Shield from the Bayeux Tapestry—9. Dragon Standard of Wessex. ate II. Divisions of Shields of Arms, etc 14 I. Paly—2. Bendy Sinister—3. Lozengy—4, Barry—5.