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Marine Drive Highway Along Central Odisha Coast, India; Feasibility and EIA Inferences

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Marine Drive Highway Along Central Odisha Coast, India; Feasibility and EIA Inferences Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 40(9): 80-94, 2021; Article no.CJAST.68292 ISSN: 2457-1024 (Past name:British Journal of Applied Science & Technology,PastISSN: 2231-0843, NLM ID: 101664541) Marine Drive Highway along Central Odisha Coast, India; Feasibility and EIA Inferences Siba Prasad Mishra1* 1Civil Engineering Department, Centurion University of Tech and Management, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, India. Author’s contribution The sole author designed, analyzed, interpreted and prepared the manuscript. Article Information DOI:10.9734/CJAST/2021/v40i931351 Editor(s): (1)Dr. João Miguel Dias, University of Aveiro, Portugal. Reviewers: (1) Krzysztof Lewandowski, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland. (2)NgamalieuNengoue Ulrich Aurele, InstitutSupérieur de l'émergence,Cameroon. Complete Peer review History:http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/68292 Received 25 February 2021 Original Research Article Accepted 08 May 2021 Published 14 May 2021 ABSTRACT The golden sea beaches of Puri district in Odisha state is panoramic and a myriad tourist attractions from India and abroad. The places are famous for their temples of excellence as a part of the Bhartamala project. The high cost involved could not materialize it. Marine drive road has been completed under National Highways of 35.8km between Puri and Chandrabhaga (Konark) which has been successful and have increased the ecotourism of Odisha. Present study is the extension of the coast line highway project of 29.4km between Chandrabhaga and Nuagaon near Devi river mouth. The Comprehensive Transport Study (CTS) has been undertaken to identify coastal transportation network including environmental impact assessment and including design. The methodologies as per Indian Road Congress (IRC) guidelines, and MoRTH specifications, have been adopted to assess thecharacteristics of the traffic,geometric andpavement design of the proposed Coastal road. The flexible pavement technology having seal coat 25mm thick over 20 mm thick premix carpet (B.U.S.G.) over both 300mm thick subbase and base course has been provided. The slope protection works against erosion along with culverts (mostly box or Hume - pipe) and bridges has been designed for the project. Since the high way to run over mostly unmanned sand dunes and only the Prachi River system the project is cost effective and shall surge the economic status of the fisher group and the villagers of the area. Keywords: Coastal highways; EIA study; traffic study; culverts and bridges; slope protection. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Mishra et al.; CJAST, 40(9): 80-94, 2021; Article no.CJAST.68292 ACRONYMS largest, area of 155707 km2, the 11th largest by populationin India, and a vibrant tourist hotspot. CTS: Comprehensive Transport Study; IRC: The six coastal districts of Odisha adjacent Bay Indian Road Congress; MoRTH: Ministry of Road of Bengal (BoB) are backing 36% of Odisha’s Transport and Highways; B.U.S.G: Built-up spray total people and 43% of urban residents (ICZMP Grout; EIA: Environmental Impact assessment; project report) lies in the littoral track backed GoO: Government of Odisha; GoI: Government inland by of India; NH: National Highway; SH: State alluviumhttp://www.iczmpodisha.org/reports.htm. Highway; INR: Indian rupees; ICZMP: Indian coastal zone management programme; BoB: Bay The state has total 30637.9 km of road network of Bengal; MDR: Major District Road; ODR: including National Highways (NH); (4848.1km), Other district road; FY: For the Year; CRP’s: State Highways (SH); (4143.1km), Major District Coastal Road Projects; HTL: High tidal line ; LTL: Roads (MDR); (2811.8km), and Other District Low tidal line; LU/LC :Land use/ Land cover; Roads (ODR); 18835.0km, MoEF&CC: Ministry of environment and forests https://finance.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/20 and climate change; MoRT: Ministry of Road 20-05/ WORKS-Outcome. Transport; EAC: Expert Appraisal Committee; PPP: Public-private Partnership; VUP: vehicular 1.1 Road Transport Odisha underpasses; OSD: overtaking sight distance; WBM: Water bound macadam: WMML Water The road development particularly in NH sector mix macadam; CBR: California Bearing Ratio; is fast in Fig. 2. But the State Highways (SH) msa: Maximum axle standard; AASHTO: The development from 2003 till 2018-2019 are under American Association of State Highway and designed land width 30.48m to 45.20m, with Transportation Officials; ASTM: The American formation width of 9.75m. Association of State Highway and Transportation The state has 269799 km of total lengths of Officials; IS: Indian standard code; CRZ: Coastal roads of various categories by end of the FY regulatory zone; JJASO: June to October; MAM: 2019-20 at an annual rate of 0.43% over the March, April and may months; DBM: Dense FY2018-2019. The state has non-special grade Bitumen. category status ranking five in terms of pavement 1. INTRODUCTION density [2]. Only 25km of marine drive road has been constructed connecting Puri to India houses road network spanning5.89 million Chandrabhaga(Konark).https://www.statista.com/ km is ranking the 2nd larges the globe Road statistics /1077826/,india-odisha-state-highways- connectivity is gradually escalating and is length/.The development of SH from 2003 to covering goods transports of approximately 2018 is shown in Fig. 3. 64.5% and 90% of entire passenger traffic using to commute (by 2021). The Government of India 1.2 Review of Literature (GoI), has planned 65Thkm of National Highways Coastal roads are lifeline for some countries as (NH)at an estimated cost of about 535MINR is they not only provide access to marine activities, likely to complete by 2022, tourism, and augment coastal to homestead land https://www.ibef.org/industry/roads-india/ but also encounter meteorological extremes, showcase, but could not be possible due to the inaccessible terrain, productive and social pandemic in the state. sectors,Charls [3].According to the activity report The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways of Works Dept. Government of Odisha (GoO), (MoRTH) have budgeted estimate for 2021-2022 the total length of roads was 30367.9km and is 118.1billion INR (capital 108.23 and revenue their category wise in the Odisha State was NH 98.71 GigaINR) for India for connectivity which is (4848.058 Km), SH (4143.053 Km), MDR an annual surge of 23% above outlay during (2811.784 Km) and ODR (18835.008 Km). The 2019-2020 [1]. The India’s coastal states 1608km long NH-66 mainly runs adjacent to the haveNH of length 6968 km.The existing 35.8km Arabian coast passing through the states Tamil long NH-35 (Puri-Konark marine drive road) and Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and proposed extension as 2- Lane roads is shown in Maharashtra,(WIKI).The Coastal Road projects (Fig. 1). (CRP’s) are classic example of transport planning, fiscal resources, the environment and Puri district in Odisha (lat.19.8135° N, long livelihoods, and depletion of air & noise pollution, 85.8312° E), the well-connectedstate is the 9th that slacks the traffic and expand mobility [4],[5]. 81 Mishra et al.; CJAST, 40(9): 80-94, 2021; Article no.CJAST.68292 Puri district has NH (FY 2016-17) 140.37km and cycle riders with provision of foot over bridges. SH (FY 2017-2018) 43.56 km [6]. The methodology adopted in the study isin Fig. 4. 2. METHODOLOGY During planning for the roads along the coastal beach stretch it is essential to follow the Since the highway is along the coastal corridor, CRZmaps that show High Tide Line (HTL) and the provisions shall be mostly roads on sand Low Tide Line (LTL) along with LU/LC map of the dune areas, bridge over drainage channels, coastal extent to avoid future complications like Culverts with scope for pedestrian underpasses, ecologically sensitive stretches. Fig. 1. Proposed Highway from Konark to Astaranga as fraction of Bharatamala project(Proposed Gopalpur to Digha) National Highway status of India 160000 140000 120000 National Highway 100000 80000 60000 engthin km L 40000 20000 0 Financial Years Fig. 2. The status of national Highways in India since Independence 82 Mishra et al.; CJAST, 40(9): 80-94, 2021; Article no.CJAST.68292 State Highway development in length 6000 5000 4000 3000 gth in Km in Km gth 2000 Len 1000 SH length in km 0 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Financial Year Fig. 3. The State Highway development in Odisha state from 2003 -2018 Fig. 4.Methodof Detailed Project Report preparation of the Konark- Astaranga coastal road 2.1 BharatmalaProject and projected population of about 46.7millions (Census 2011).India has many marine drive The BharatmalaPariyojana planned as coastal, roads all along its east and west coast Fig. 5. economic and high ways (connectivity or inter- se-priority) consists of approximately 65000 km The marine drive road from Puri to Konark construction of highways of various category (35km) has been completed as a part of whereas Odisha’s share is 3110km to be proposed Bhartamala project between Gopalpur completed in Phase I (FY2017-2018 to FY2021- to Digha. But the expert appraisal committee 2022) (Fig. 5),(Loka- Sabha Starred Question (EAC) comprising of MoEF& CC with MoRT in No. 65 on 7th Feb,[7]. their 246 EAC meeting has abridged the road length by 80km from original estimated length of The objectives of Bhartamala project are for 450km. The proposed road has also avoided the improved commuting amenities, ≈70% time bridges on the river Devi and the river Mahanadi. redeem ability, 34% fuel saving, reduction of Since the marine road (NH 316A) has been carbon foot print of 1826 tCO2e/year, reduction proposed to divert the coastal marine drive road of congested city traffic with 2.75m reserve lane disrupts link between Konark to Dhamara which and finally coastal erosion protection on is considered to be the tourist attraction due to construction of sea walls or geo-tubing.
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