THE_ ANIMAL HEALTH MAGAZINE
HAPPY HOLIDAYS
VETERINARY DIAGNOSIS CARE OF THE REJECTED KITTEN LOOK OUT FOR EYE DISEASES IN YOUR PUP
rwmm EDITOR'S NOTEBOOK «feiDE Official Journal of the Animal Health Foundation on animal care and health. NOV/DEC 1975 Volume 6 Number 6 ARTICLES The How of-a Diagnosis, C. P. Ryan, D. V.M 8 EDITOR'S NOTEBOOK Caring for the Orphaned or Rejected Kitten, Jane Taylor 10 Problems with Tabby, Ruby Harris Arnoth 12 'TIS THE SEASON Be on the Lookout for these Eye Diseases in your Dog 14 Pannus in Dogs Studied 15 As the holiday season approaches, "Giving Power" 16 we have pleasant thoughts and reflec A Look at Canine Behavior, Michael W. Fox, M.R.C. V.S., Ph.D 17 tions of the recent months and years. How to Raise a Happy Hamster, Sue Kizer 18 Inevitably, some of the warmest A Marble Sarcophagus for a Pretty Cat, Mary Wells Geer 21 recollections relate to animals we have Solving Birth Defects in Cattle 21 encountered or owned. It is a time to sort of pull the Pet Doctors Respond Around-the-Clock 22 strings together and prepare for Cage Birds Need Special Attention Now 29 another year. We are hopeful that our Can Cats Be Trained?, Louis J. Camuti, B.S., D.V.S 30 readers will devote a little extra time and thought to their animals, being DEPARTMENTS sure they are in comfortable quarters, Editor's Notebook 3 properly fed, and their health pro Doctor's Advice 4 tected. Cavalcade Health News 6 Faithful, contributing members of Children's Page the ANIMAL HEALTH FOUNDA When Pets Were Gods, Letha Curtis Musgrave 24 TION, are protecting hard earned Book Review 31 avings during these burdensome times id, yet, are lending strong support to the FOUNDATION in its promotion of better health for all animals. The C. M Baxter, D.V.M Editorial Director ANIMAL CALVACADE magazine is Norene Karris * Associate Editor 3ne of the non-profit, educational Millwood A. Custer, D.V.M Small Animals Editor programs of the FOUNDATION. Charles H. Reid, D.V.M Equine Editor Our readers will find elsewhere in Robert J. Schroeder, D.V.M Ecology & Public Health Editor Oscar W. Schalm, D.V.M Research Editor lis issue of Cavalcade, interesting Wesley A. Young, D.V.M Exotic Animals Editor means of providing better health for animals, without 'pain' to the thought Bill Williams Art Director ful donor. Laura Tracy Advertising Director Here's wishing all our readers the Harry Maiden Circulation Manager best of health for themselves and their animals during the memorable Bi- entennial Year of 1976! Address all advertising and editorial communications to ANIMAL CAVALCADE. N $38 Rosemead Blvd.. Pico Rivera. Calif. 90660. All editorial correspondence and manuscripts must be accompanied by a stamped self-addressed envelope. C. M. Baxter, D. V.M. Editorial Director COVER: Siberian Husky "Trisha" and American Short Hair "Long John." URGENT!!! Photo by MikRon Photos — Mike Lidster and Ron Bona — Palo Alto, California. Please notify Animal Cavalcade when you move! Failure to do SUBSCRIPTIONS AND CHANGE OF ADDRESS this costs the Animal Health Foundation funds which should Send subscriptions and change of address to ANIMAL HEALTH FOUNDATION, 8338 be spent on caring for sick ani Rosemead Boulevard, Pico Rivera, Calif. 90660. Be sure to notify us of your change of address at least six weeks before the change is made, including an address label clipped mals or for veterinary medical from your latest copy. Give both your old and new address and include your ZIP CODE. research. Send change of address informa ANIMAL CAVALCADE is published bi-monthly by the Animal Health Foundation, tion to Animal Cavalcade, 8338 8338 Rosemead Blvd., Pico Rivera, Calif. 90660. Single copies $.60. 12-issue Rosemead Blvd., Pico Rivera, subscription, $6.00; additional gift subscriptions (if ordered at the same time), $4.00 Calif. 90660. each. Copyright, 1972, Animal Health Foundation. _ varying proportions of which ac Q. Should I bathe my dog in the count for shades of gray to black winter? hair color. Gray horses apparently A. A dog should have a bath whenever have a genetic predisposition for it needs one, i.e., whenever it gets these cells to go awry, since about dirty. Whether in winter or sum 80% have such tumors by the time mer, you should be certain that the they are 15 years old. dog doesn't get chilled before it is completely dry.
Q. Why do cows swell up when they Q. How should I handle an injured get indigestion and other animals stray dog to take him to the don't? doctor? A. Unlike horses, pigs and dogs, the A. Approach the dog cautiously, since cow (and sheep, goat, etc.) is a he may bite if handling causes pain, ruminant with a large forestomach and be careful about exposing your (rumen) that stores grass and hay as Readers with health and other pet hands, arms and face within range the animal eats. This is later of his jaws. Use heavy gloves if problems are invited to send in their regurgitated and reswallowed after questions to ANIMAL CAVALCADE. available, or you can reach your chewing, but a large accumulation hands into the sleeves of an old Those with the greatest reader interest of green forage, especially clover, in will be handled on this page by Dr. J. coat (and the coat in front of you the rumen may undergo fermenta will afford extra protection). Trans F. Smithcors, D.V.M., Ph.D., who is tion and produce gas which cannot technical editor of American Veterin port the dog in a box or wrapped in escape, thus causing bloat, which an old blanket, etc. ary Publications, Inc. may be rapidly fatal if not relieved by stomach tube or puncturing the Q. How should I get the hair mats off animal's side. my long haired cat? Q. Why are horses blanketed in the summer time? A. Small hair mats can often be combed or brushed out; larger ones Q. Why are some worms in horses A. Even with proper cooling off after may require scissors or clippers. called "blood" worms? exercise, a blanket would help prevent chilling under some condi Frequent brushing will prevent A. The Large strongyle (Strongylus tions, e.g., a drafty or damp stable, them from forming and lessen the vulgaris) of horses is commonly and some hot summer days are danger of the cat swallowing called the bloodworm because its followed by cool nights. A blanket clumps of hair, with the risk of larval form enters the blood vessels also will keep the horse cleaner, and hairballs forming in the stomach or supplying the intestine and causes it provides protection from flies. intestine. occlusion, which results in forma The horse books of a generation or tion of an aneurysm, a thin-walled Q. Is the new vaccine for "acute more ago all recommended that distention that may rupture and sniffles" in cats available yet? each horse have its own summer cause death. A. I assume you mean the vaccine for and winter blankets, and this still feline rhinotracheitis, which has Q. Do captive animals produce young seems a good idea. been available for a year or so. that can be returned to their Your veterinarian can advise you on natural habitat to help populate the its usefulness in your particular areas of endangered species? Q. Is it harmful to give aspirin to dogs and cats? situation. A. Generally not, or at least the young Q. Is there an explanation why many animals would have to be trained to A. Yes, except in very low doses if blue eyed cats and Dalmatian dogs cope with conditions they would recommended by your veterinar are deaf? encounter in the wild. This would ian. Aspirin may cause gastric be especially true for species like bleeding in both dogs and cats. A. Blue-eyed white cats are frequently the large cats, which must learn to One 5-grain (adult) tablet will deaf because deafness is associated hunt, whereas a young bison might poison many cats, and 2 may be with the genetic factor for white manage if added to a free-ranging lethal. Even one "baby aspirin" coat color. Some families of Dalma- herd. may be too much for a small cat. tions carry a gene for deafness, the specific cause of which is a defect in the sensory cells of the inner ear.
Q. Why do gray horses sometimes get tumors around the tail? WHY NOT GIVE A MEMBER OF YOUR FAMILY A. These tumors are composed of cells "ANIMAL CAVALCADE" AS A VERY SPECIAL that produce melanin, a black CHRISTMAS GIFT? pigment widely distributed in skin, AS A COURTESY TO ITS SUBSCRIBERS, CAVALCADE IS MAKING IT POSSIBLE FOR YOU TO GIVE "BEST AVAILABLE PROTECTION INDIVIDUAL GIFTS OF A TWO-YEAR SUBSCRIPTION AGAINST LOSS OR THEFT" FOR $4.00. Since January 1966. Dogs tattooed with Social Security number. Owner registered with NATIONAL DOG REGISTRY BY DOING IT IN '75, YOU CAN SAVE MONEY ON THE 227 Stebbins Road, Carmel, N.Y. 10512 76 SUBSCRIPTION INCREASE. Phone: 914—277-4485
4 cmicm NEWS
A $5,000.00 research grant has been given by a prominent breeder in Texas through the Animal Health Foundation to Dr. Pierre Lieux of Riverside. Dr. Lieux graduated from the French Veterinary School of Alfort in 1949. After a stage at the Equine Dr. Pierre Lieux Research Station in Newmarket, England, he came to the United States in 1951. He first spent three years in Lexington, Kentucky with the firm RAPID NEW DIAGNOSTIC they had been in steady contact with Haggyard, Davidson and M. Gee. Then TEST SIGNALS BRUCELLOSIS revealed canine brucellosis. A special he moved to Riverside, California, antibiotic regimen was instituted, with where he established an equine prac PERIL FOR PET CARE the patients recovering. tice. PERSONNEL "We don't suspect canine-induced Dr. Lieux's practice is almost human brucellosis to be widespread," strictly breeding oriented. This special Every positive result from the rapid says Dr. Glick, a veterinarian himself. ization within a specialty makes the new diagnostic test for canine brucel "We are reasonably certain however, everyday work very seasonal, and gives losis, recently introduced by Pitman- that many dogs have the disease right him some time to devote to practical Moore, Inc., is a warning signal to the now, imperiling other dogs and all research. veterinarian and his assistant — and to humans who have regular contact with The purpose of the contemplated all other pet care personnel who might them. Undoubtedly people are coming research is to explore the possible have had contact with such infected to their family physicians complaining practical uses of endoscopic tech dogs - to watch for telltale symptoms of the disease symptoms, but physi niques in the broodmares. Human of human brucellosis among them cians are still too unfamiliar with the medicine has made giant leaps in the selves, the company cautions. disease to consider it as a possible last few years with diagnostic and "There's no question the disease is cause." surgical endoscopes, particularly in the communicable to humans," says Dr. P. That's why the new diagnostic test, urogenital field. Similar techniques R. Glick, Vice President - Marketing developed at Cornell University's Vet could certainly be applied to brood for Pitman-Moore, Inc. "Although erinary Virus Research Institute, serves mares. Systematic explorations of only a few isolated cases have been such a valuable purpose for all dog ovaries, uterine ligament, oviduct and reported, we're sure the new in-office owners with its quick results right in the uterus will be attempted on the test will pick up many cases among the office, Dr. Glick notes. standing patient, either through the dogs, not previously diagnosed, and "If the test is positive, the dog flank or endouterine approach. The consequently this may pose a threat to should be isolated and treated. The feasibility, practical diagnosis or sur humans who've been in contact with veterinarian and his personnel should gery of ovarian conditions will be those animals. Professional pet care be alert to symptoms among them studied. Particular attention, if pos personnel will be most vulnerable — selves and certainly the family doctor sible, will be given to examine the veterinarians, S.P.C.A. and animal of the pet owners should be notified pathology of the oviduct, an abso shelter workers, kennel and pet shop so he can consider brucellosis as a lutely unknown factor in the brood personnel, dog handlers and trainers." possible cause if any family member mare. While in the woman, the testing Unlike cattle-induced human bru shows up with the symptoms," Dr. of the potency of this canal is a cellosis, which occurs mostly after Glick cautions. routine operation, it has never been drinking raw milk and is generally As a precaution, Pitman-Moore, done with the equine patient as the known as undulant fever or Malta Inc. urges all dog owners to have their same techniques cannot apply. fever, researchers still do not know pets tested for brucellosis. The disease The work will be done in its initial exactly how canine brucellosis is affects a dog's reproductive organs in phase on broodmares given for this transmitted to humans. Compounding particular; in the male, abnormal purpose to Dr. Lieux by several of his the problem for doctors is the fact sperm or inability to mate are clients. When the techniques have that symptoms in humans - fever, common and in the female abortion or proven to be safe and of practical use chills, headache, general malaise and early death of fetal puppies occurs. they will be tried on problem mares in weight loss - are similar to symptoms Any unexplained reproductive failures everyday practice. The work will be associated with other types of illness. in either male or female dogs should done in Dr. Lieux's Equine Sterility Some cases have been misdiagnosed as be reported immediately to the family Clinic, which is well equipped for this mononucleosis; when patients didn't veterinarian. type of research. respond to treatment, a check of pets continued on page 27 6 1
What does it mean when your Veterinarian prescribes a Prescription Diet® Food for your pet?
You probably know of people who require a special diet for the individual diet. While these ingredients are more because of certain medical conditions. Pets too may re costly than those that can be used in regular pet foods, quire special diets to allow them to function normally they are essential if the dietary food is to perform its under specific medical or stress situations. intended function. Prescription Diet® products are special foods prescribed Are PRESCRIPTION DIET® Foods expensive? by your veterinarian for pets with altered dietary require ments. Examples would be diabetes, colitis, obesity, The price per can is considerably higher than for regular pet foods. However, because of the nutritional density of food allergies and certain heart, kidney and liver disorders. the Prescription Diet® foods, 1 can (16 oz.) is the feeding How do PRESCRIPTION DIET® Foods differ from equivalent of iVa to IV2 cans of regular pet food. This ordinary pet foods? means that the actual cost of feeding is no more than The pet foods you buy at the supermarket are intended to 10c a day above that for regular canned pet foods...in be fed to normal, healthy animals. While some of these many instances 5
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/ Rejected kitten compared to size of normal kitten from same litter.
• • CARING FOR THE ORPHANED OR REJECTED KITTEN
By Jane Taylor
Photos by Jane Taylor
The orphaned or rejected kitten warm. A towel should be securely such as this one meet the nutritional should first be examined by a fastened over the heating pad and requirements of young kittens and are veterinarian to make sure whether its bottom of container so that the kitten far superior to any remedy that can be problem is insufficient nourishment or cannot crawl under it and get directly concocted in the home. The contents some chronic illness. The kitten in the on the heating source. The towel of the can should be divided into four accompanying photographs was the should be of a rough texture so that small, clean containers and numbered runt of a litter of four and was too the legs and chest muscles develop so that you completely use one supply weak to contend with its littermates correctly. without exposing the others to the air. for the mother's milk. The orphaned or rejected kitten These should be kept refrigerated but Chilling and over-heating are both must be regularly hand fed a milk guard against freezing as any frozen extremely dangerous to the young supplement for the first few weeks of solution should be discarded immed kitten. A complete environment must its life. Such products as Borden iately. be constructed to allow it to follow its Kitten Milk Replacer can be obtained The supplement should be warmed instincts in keeping comfortable. A inexpensively from any veterinarian; a in hot tap water for a few minutes small electric heating pad on low can (13 fluid ounces) or information before feeding begins. Prop the kitten temperature should be laid along the can be gotten from Borden Inc./ in a comfortable position and adminis sides and bottom of only one half of a Chemical Division, Animal Feed Sup ter the liquid with a small eye- box. This allows the kitten to get away plements and Products, P.O. Box 419, dropper. The eyedropper should be from the heat if it should become too Norfolk, Virginia 23501. Products held at a slight vertical position so air 10 »
The dam with the litter feeding and rejected kitten in foreground.
bubbles do not form as the solution is fed slowly to the kitten. Watch for its stomach to become slightly extended but do not bloat or overfeed as it is better to underfeed for the first 2 or 3 days. This procedure should be fol lowed 3 times daily for the first 2V6 to 3 weeks. At this time the supplement can be mixed with a high quality instant baby cereal which is fed to the kitten with either the eyedropper or a spoon. By 4 to 5 weeks, the kitten should be eating high protein, soft cat food. The elimination functions must be stimulated by the person caring for the kitten since the mother is not cleaning it after each feeding. This is done by gently rubbing the genital region with a moistened cotton swab. The kittens eyes should also be checked regularly for any build-up of matter and cleaned with cotton. // any irritation or infection becomes visible you should of course have it examined thoroughly by a veterinarian at once. Caring for an orphaned or rejected kitten is a most rewarding experience and doesn't take When feeding you should guard against bubbles more than a little patience and looking forming in the elevated eyedropper. after detail. 11 ly without explanation develops poor sanitary habits - what can you, the owner, do? Assuming you like cats or you wouldn't have one in the first place, you don't have to get rid of the cat to get rid of the problem. Convincing Tabby to use the litter box instead of your new shag carpet will require patience, constant super • vision, and wary surveillance. You will also find a common child's water gun indispensable. The water won't hurt * the cat, but since cats don't like water, w it can be very effective. You'll have to be aware of your cat's usual times to need the litter box. That will usually be either after eating or napping. Watch carefully so that you will catch the cat using another place like your rugs, drapes, easy chair or wherever it has picked. Cats usually pick a place to do these things repeat edly. I had one cat who chose a soft bath rug near the litter box, another picked the drapes - and the very same spot for each offense. The nature of the problem can vary between male and female cats. With female cats, look for horizontal of fenses, with males, look for vertical offenses, or either with a neutered male. Tom cats (unaltered males) are difficult house cats because of their offensive odors. Neutered males are still capable of spraying your drapes, chairs, or walls. I heard of one who even chose the television screen when the TV was turned on.
Don't let young children use the water gun! When you catch Tabby in the act, quickly spray her fur (not the face or eyes) with a few squirts of the water gun accompanied by a loud, firm, "NO!" The water will distract her. At that point, pick up the cat and take it to the litter box. Don't try to force the cat to stay in the box until it uses it, because cats like privacy and can be far more stubborn and patient than PROBLEMS WITH tabby ? you are. This procedure won't be an instant cure. You may have to repeat this four or five times in one day until By Ruby Harris Arnoth nature forces the cat to go ahead and use her litter box. Meanwhile you have to watch her constantly to prevent her Try these helpful tips from using your chair or carpet. One for good results. . . day won't affect a cure either. It may take four days or four weeks, depend ing on how stubborn Tabby is. Don't despair, there is something you can use We felineophiles know that cats For cat owners, the two most undesir to help when you can't watch her have interesting, amusing personalities able habits a cat can develop are to every minute. There is a spray product and are capable of very cute eccen scratch furniture and to eliminate available in supermarkets in the pet tricities without any coaxing from body wastes in places other than the department. Spray it on a paper or humans. Cats, unlike dogs, are not litter box or out-of-doors, whichever cloth (but not on the cat, of course) to usually trained to do tricks for enter you prefer. put on your cat's favorite "accident tainment, (you've heard "roll over, Anyone with any experience with area"; it produces an odor your cat Spot," but have you ever heard "roll cats knows they're basically inde won't like, so it will stay away from it. over, Fluffy?"). They can, however, be pendent and clean animals. Conse The same procedure can be used if trained to eliminate undesirable habits. quently, when one suddenly, seeming you wish to train the cat to go 12 outdoors when nature calls, so that have more sensitive noses than others. left alone during trips so she produced you don't need a litter box inside. If you can smell it, that goes double "accidents" in the luggage that was Because of today's living styles, many for your cat. Change the litter once a being packed. Maybe Tabby's poor more people find it necessary to main week first. If that doesn't satisfy her, sanitary habits are a bid for attention. tain a litter box inside rather then turn you may have to go as low as three Cats can be as devious as children, the cat outside from a highrise apart days between changings. Yes, litter is consequently they need affection and ment or into a busy street. Even in the expensive, but so was your shag car amusement too. Play with Tabby, pet suburbs, there are still busy streets, pet. Generally 5 - 7 days work if one her. This need for attention could also dogs, fleas and ticks. cat is using the box, less if two or be the reason for the other problem - clawing furniture. Forget the M&M's, but remember to more cats use the same box. love her/him. If your litter box has a strong ammonia odor, your veterinarian can Is clawing the problem? In addition to punishing the bad It isn't really necessary to declaw behavior, add a little positive rein prescribe pills to change the cat's chemistry to acidify the urine so it the cat to avoid this problem. Besides, forcement. When Tabby does use her many veterinarians don't recommend box, congratulate her. Stroke her, pet doesn't have such a strong odor. There are deodorizer sprays also available in it and won't do it because the cat her, talk to her, preferably in the same needs its claws for self-protection, room where the box is located. Make pet departments for litter boxes which help, provided your particular cat will especially if it goes outdoors. It should her associate pleasant feelings with the be sufficient to simply flatten the tips place where her box is kept. Coax her put up with their smell in her litter box. However, deodorizer sprays can't of the claws with a nail clipper about into that room several times a day just twice a month. Tabby will be less to pet her. If she has a favorite toy, replace a clean box. If the box is kept clean, sprays aren't usually needed. inclined to pull on your furniture if take it in and play with her a bit. Cats you provide its own scratching post. thrive on attention unless it is forced After you've satisfied yourself that the box is as clean as any fastidious cat Many sizes and varieties are available when they don't want it. That's when in pet stores. You can produce a they don't have the voracious appe could want, check the room where you keep the box to be sure something sturdy one at home by nailing a 3 foot tites of dogs. If they aren't hungry, 2 x 4 to the center of a 2 foot square they might not eat it. You know your else isn't disturbing the cat. Is the box large enough for Tabby? Is it jammed piece of plyboard. Cover both with cat best - what does she like? Then dense, tightly woven carpet, sprinkle a use that to reward her. too close to the wall to be comfortable for her to move around in it? Does the little catnip on it, and Tabby will love Keep that litter box clean. room need ventilation? Is it too drafty it. By close observation, be careful or too hot? Are loud noises a prob If Tabby scratches the furniture that Tabby doesn't just give up her lem? Can kids or dogs bother the cat anyway, spray it with the water gun, favorite "accident" area for another. while she's trying to use her box? accompanied again by a loud "NO!". At this point, pause to wonder why If your dog bothers the litter box, Eventually for both problems, when the poor habits were developed in the there is an instant cure. Put red pep Tabby becomes better behaved, you first place. The best cure is to elimi pers in the box. One taste won't hurt should be able to eliminate the water nate the cause. If the veterinarian says and will cure the dog but keep Tabby gun and simply use the loud "NO" to the cat isn't physically sick, then the away until the dog is cured. Then maintain the discipline you've estab next place to look is the litter box. change the litter. You wouldn't want lished. Any sizeable backsliding might How often do you sift it? How often to spoil the cat's good habits. necessitate the re-use of the water gun do you clean the box, change the to regain control of bad habits. Bid for attention litter, and mop the floor? The box Sound like a lot of trouble to have should be sifted daily and the floor When you're sure all is well with a cat around the house? Undisciplined swept clean of litter. It is wise to keep Tabby's toilet area, and Tabby still animals can become as troublesome as the litter box on a floor that is easy to persists in producing "accidents," per undisciplined children. Ask yourself clean. As for the length of time be haps she is playing games with you. Or this question. Do you want Tabby tween changing the litter, that could maybe she is trying to tell you some around the house or it a porcelain cat depend on your individual cat. Some thing. A friend's cat didn't like to be more suitable for you?
MORE AND MORE CATS m There are an estimated 22 million cats in the United States, including the 500,000 felines in the City of Los Angeles. Cat owners should procure cat identification tags, according to Robert I. Rush, general manager of the Los Angeles City Department of Animal Regulation. "A cat identification tag gives a cat identity in a world full of stray animals," says Rush. "A lost or injured cat with ownership identification can be reunited with its owner quickly if the tag is affixed to the cat's collar." In the City of Los Angeles, cat identification tags, on a voluntary basis, are available for $5 at any of the six animal shelters, or at the Animal Regulation License Division. The tag is valid for the life of the cat. The proliferation of cats since they became domesticated housepets about 3,000 B.C. in Egypt is a statistic of never ending multiplication. Of contemporary interest, as reported in ANIMAL CAVALCADE, is the fact that the pet cat population has increased 13% in the past eight years. Currently, 12.9 million U.S. households are habitats for pet cats. While this large volume of cats enjoys a life of contentment, a reliable estimate by humane authorities says that approximately 25,000,000 cats die each year from traffic accidents, starvation or through euthanasia in animal facilities. In this nation's formative history, cats were brought to the North American continent by colonists as protectors of granaries. In mining towns where rats abounded, cats were a precious asset and sold for as high as $25 in gold. The belief that a cat is the natural enemy of the dog, and vice versa, isn't entirely true. Fifty percent of the nation's cat owners also own a dog. On these fronts, cat-dog compatibility ostensibly prevails.
[3 BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR THESE eye diseases IN YOUR DOG!
The sincere, conscientious dog ture. There is a breed predisposition to caught in time. One kind of glaucoma breeder is anxious to learn of any ectropion in the Cocker Spaniel, especially affects Cocker Spaniels. physical or disease condition that Bulldog, Basset Hound, Bloodhound Another kind affects Wire Fox Terriers might afflict his or her breed. No one and St. Bernard. and Sealyhams. Unfortunately, it is is happy to learn of these conditions, not just one eye that is involved. The but being aware of their existence is PANNUS second eye invariably becomes in the first step towards elimination. A haze that covers the cornea of volved a few weeks or months later. It should be understood that a the eye is a condition seen in German The pressure destroys the nerve fiber congenital condition need not be Shepherds from 3 to 6 years, and layers, and once destroyed, they won't inheritable. An abnormal condition or usually attacks both eyes similarly. It come back. anomaly present at birth does not occurs in the breed all over the world necessarily mean that it is an inherited and the cause is not known. Some CATARACT defect. The gestation period holds studies are now being made towards Cataract is one of the most many factors that might influence one that end. However, it will respond to misunderstood eye diseases. Most or more puppies of a litter. Discussed treatment with cortisone drops or people think of it as a sort of scum here are some of the congenital eye ointment, if used continuously. In over the eye that can be removed. In conditions which appear to be herit advanced cases, surgical removal is reality, it is the lens of the eye that able, but most attention is directed necessary. becomes opaque. In the normal eye, towards the diseases in which there light might be able to pass through the appear to be a particular breed ULCER cornea, through the lens to be disposition. Recurrent corneal erosion (ulcer) is magnified, and to the retina to be seen in Boxers. Again, this occurs in recorded on the brain. When the lens BREEDS WITH LID ANOMALIES the breed all over the world and the becomes cloudy, it must be removed In the normal lid structure of the cause is unknown. It is not due to so that light can be sent through. eye, for man or beast, the lids should environment or nutrition. This is a There is a definite breed predisposi cover the eyeball in proper position. superficial condition, but painful and tion to cataract in the Poodle, They should not be rolled in or out. usually occurs at 3 to 6 years of age. It Miniature Schnauzer, Wire Fox Ter Entropion is a condition in which the can be easily treated, heals quickly - rier, Boston Terrier, Afghan Hound lid is rolled in. This causes constant in early stages in a week — but is and a scattering in another half dozen irritation to the eye. A simple subject to relapse. In late stages breeds. Fortunately, it can be operated operation will correct this condition, surgery is needed. on and there is a high incidence of and unless corrected, there is ulcera success. tion and possible loss of the eye. GLAUCOMA COLLIE EYE SYNDROME There is a definite breed predisposi Glaucoma is a disease in which tion to entropion in Chow Chows, there is increased pressure within the The eye symdrome occurs in Collies Chesapeakes, Golden and Labrador eye. It is estimated that for the and to a small extent in Shetland Retrievers, and it has been seen also in middle-aged dog in the U.S. today, Sheepdogs. There are many degrees of the Kerry Blue, St. Bernard, Rott more are biinded by glaucoma than by affliction, from slight, up to retina weiler, Bulldog, English Springer Span any other single disease. It is seen in detachment and blindness. The only iel and Bull Mastiff. the 4 to 8 year age range and mainly in way this disease can be eliminated is Ectropian is just the reverse; the lid the Cocker, Basset, Fox terrier, Sealy- by selective breeding. rolls out, or drops away from the eye. ham, Cairn, Welch, Manchester, Toy Portions of this article were based In this you see the so-called "haw" or Manchester and Welsh Corgi. Glau upon information supplied by Gaines third eyelid, a very important struc- coma can be corrected surgically if Dog Research Center. 14 %
Pannus is a chronic disease of the There is a definite breed predisposi cornea (clear part of the eye which tion to cataract in the Poodle, Minia permits light to enter) which occurs ture Schnauzer, Wire Fox Terrier, most often in German Shepherd dogs. Boston Terrier and the Afghan Hound.
PANNUS IN DOGS STUDIED
'rogress in developing better techniques for identifying dogs that may be susceptible to the eye disease pannus has been made by scientists at Michigan State University. Pannus is a chronic disease of the cornea (clear part of the eye which permits light to enter) which occurs most often in German Shepherd dogs. As seen in man, pannus may occur along with another disease, following several traumatic and infectious diseases or as a change as the person grows older. Lorel Anderson Evans, D.V.M., reported on the Michigan State University study to the annual meeting of the Morris Animal Foundation in June. Dr. Evans explained that the exact causes and an efficient,always effective treatment for pannus are not yet known. The first part of their study, which has been completed, concentrated on finding a way to identify dogs that may develop the disease which can leave them blind. She pointed out that military, police and dog guide organizations often use German Shepherd dogs. If the dogs later develop pannus and its associated visual impairment, time, money and effort involved in training the dogs for specific duties have been wasted. Through the years, many different treatments have been tried for pannus, with varying success. One treatment which has been used requires continuous therapy - daily eye drops for the rest of the affected dog's life. "In spite of the success obtained with this method, continuously treating a chronic disease which is so prevalent in the German Shepherd breed without being able to identify the cause has been a frustrating experience," Dr. Evans said. Besides developing techniques for identifying pannus-susceptible dogs at an early age, which they feel they have been able to do with some success, the scientists will study family tendencies toward the disease. They will follow related young Shepherds and monitor for pannus and other diseases, and they hope to do breeding studies to see if they can eliminate or decrease the incidence of pannus by selective breeding. Pannus begins with a hazy or cloudy area in the margin of the eye. Both eyes may be involved as it progresses. Eventually, within months or perhaps years, the cloudy area may cover the entire cornea. Some dogs do not feel uncomfortable with the disease, but for others there is pain and discharge from the eye. Because pannus occurs principally in one breed, the German Shepherd, it is thought to be inherited, but this has not been proven.
15 GIVING POWER AWAY OF HELPING YOU HELP ANIMALS (AND SAVE MONEY AT THE SAME TIME!] Photo Eastman Kodak Company
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A NEW LOOK AT YOUR CHARIT HOW TO INCREASE YOUR GIVING the selection of the charity. Today, ABLE CONTRIBUTIONS POWER because of an exceedingly complex tax structure, charitable contributions are Almost everyone has a favorite Whether you are a person of usually made with at least some charity. It may be a school, a hospital, moderate means or considerable consideration given the tax implica or a church. It may be a medical wealth, there is a way for you to tions (both income and estate taxes). research organization or some other increase your giving power — and this Tax statutes tend to encourage group or fund serving humanitarian way is through life insurance. charitable gifts by, according to them, needs. A growing number of people favorable tax treatment. The effect of Typically, Americans have been interested in charities and foundations this tax treatment is to reduce the cost generous in supporting the work of have discovered that life insurance is a of the gift. Nevertheless, while a institutions and organizations, many unique and effective way of providing deduction is attractive, some cost is of which depend almost entirely on money for charitable gifts or bequests. always involved (unless the taxpayer the contributions of their benefactors. They value the built-in e-x-p-a-n-s-i-o-n donates appreciated property which, People give what they can afford. power that can transform modest in some cases, may result in a gain). Some are able to make substantial annual gifts into substantial ones or The cost is usually that portion of gifts, while others find it easier to give that can build an already substantial the gift which the taxpayer would small amounts periodically. Many in annual gift into one of truly sizeable have had retained after taxes had he the latter group would like to make a proportions. not made the contribution. contribution that would merit lasting Charitable giving has assumed a acknowledgement, but they feel that it major role in many taxpayer's finan HOW LIFE INSURANCE CAN BE might be over their heads financially. cial planning. So much so that COME A PART OF YOUR CHARIT Is a substantial gift beyond the person Treasury Department's statistics dis ABLE GIVING of moderate means, or is there a close that, in recent years, charitable suitable way for him to provide for deductions are claimed on over 90% of It will be the purpose of this review something as expensive as a new the returns filed by taxpayers who to discuss the major uses of life church organ, an ambulance or some itemize their deductions. insurance as part of a program of specific medical equipment or research At one time, the contribution to charitable giving. Naturally, there are and still not overburden himself? charity presented only one problem: Continued on Page 28 16 Lorenz, an Austrian ethologist, said several years ago that he thought a low-ranking dog or wolf exposed its throat or jugular vein as a sign of a look at submission. Wolves and dogs never had a course in anatomy, so they do not CANINE BEHAVIOR know where the jugular vein is. The wolf or dog is actually avoiding eye contact in an exaggerated way, not presenting his throat! Some of you have had the exper ience of staring at your dog, he rolls over submissively and urinates. This is another wolf-like behavior, and it may be seen in maturity toward the leader. When a dog urinates at your feet, it really means a bouquet of roses to him. The direct state is a channel of communication between many species of animals. Even people of higher esteem receive more eye contact. You can control your dog through the direct stare. It is important to establish dominance over the puppy early in life to get him properly socially adjusted, and you can use eye contact for this, HAUFLBAOI but it can be overdone. One of my criticisms of the way we "OKAY, YOU CAN BRING SARAH BERNHARDT IN NOW." have molded dogs began at dog shows. I believe dogs that show submission are to be preferred. And yet at dog shows you reward a dog who stands like an aggressive-looking zombie. There are show dogs, of course, that By Michael W. Fox, M.R.C.V.S., Ph.D. cation, and a simple surgical steriliza are literally bursting with joy. These tion procedure can help them adapt to are exceptional dogs, and I wish there A discussion presented at a Dog Health our modern way of living. were more of them. Seminar sponsored by the Morris Another crucial difference between Canids have extreme sensitivity in Animal Foundation, Denver. Dr. Fox dogs and wolves is that wolves tend to their teeth, especially their canine is a veterinarian and associate pro remain attached to the people who teeth. There are many, many nerves fessor of psychology, Washington raise them. We call this primary around the roots of these teeth so they University, St. Louis. socialization. But a dog becomes can delicately control the intensity of attached, usually, to everybody, al the bite to the point where they can though there are exceptions. We call groom each other, and they can greet this secondary socialization. each other by giving inhibited, very PARTI Puppies start forming shyness gentle bites. A dog could remove We have been domesticating dogs around the same developmental time another dog's muzzle in one bite, but for 10,000 years, but to get an idea of we see shyness forming in the wolf — the bite is usually inhibited. what normal behavior is, we have to four to five months of age. This kind I emphasize this point because turn to antecedents of modern behav of temperament is regressing to a there are many cases a day of pet dogs ior. I prefer to look at the wolf to wilder type. I think we have to be giving uninhibited bites. I think any understand some of the origins and the mindful of this and carefully select dog that breaks the skin of his owner subtleties of canine behavior. against it because these temperaments or a child should be very carefully The wolf is sexually mature at two are rather unstable. They are not scrutinized. But you must ask first, years of age. Males produce sperm vicious; they are just shy and timid but was there any provoking cause for the seasonally in synchrony with female nevertheless intelligent dogs. bite? We now know a tendency to bite heat. In contrast, domestic dogs reach Our domestic dog came not primar is genetically controlled. I have studied sexual maturity around six months of ily from the wolf, but more probably it with hybrids and wild canids age, and the male constantly produces from the dingo-type dogs, which in including coyotes, foxes and wolves. sperm. This is a problem of sexual pre-Stone Age time were widespread We can select against it now. frustration for males. I think to make throughout Europe. The dingo-like Some dogs over-react when they life better for the dogs you should animal still had a lot of very wolfish feel threatened, when they are sudden have them spayed or castrated if you traits, as do some of the breeds today. ly put out or displaced by another have no intention of breeding them. But still dogs respond to a leader, and animal, and their reaction is to give a I have seen bitches in heat literally this is why they make such excellent totally uninhibited bite. We must tearing a place up to get out, so it is companions. They see you as a master remember that this can be bred not just the males who get frustrated. in the realm of leader, and this is against. I think the castrating of males can precisely what occurs in a wolf pack. However, we must also consider make them more tractable and may The leader of the pack is like a magnet how people are communicating or not stop them from roaming. We have attracting the others. communicating with their animals and genetically modified the sexuality of A very clear display in canines is with each other. Underlying many the dog after 10,000 years of domesti rolling over - submitting. Konrad continued on page 20 17 HOW TO RAISE A Happy Hamster By Sue Kizer
Hamster eating peanut butter off owner's finger. A good way to develop affection is through hand feeding. Photos by sue Kizer
Since hamsters are deservedly con bananas, popped popcorn and carrots. chew it, swallow the "fuzz" and sidered an ideal pet, perhaps the thing Hamsters do not overeat, so give your become sick with digestive disturb to concentrate on is how to do the pet all he wants. ances. The blanket should be laun special little things for them that will dered often to keep the most germ- Most hamster owners have probably free environment possible for your make them truly contented pets. turned their pet loose on the floor to pet. Since a hamster requires only a watch him dash about exploring every In the wild state (in the Syrian small cage in which to live comfort nook and cranny. It is great fun for desert) hamsters live solitary lives so ably, why not provide him with a large pet and owner alike, but caution must they do not need a lot of attention house so that he can have a lot of be taken to make sure that the space and playing with as pets. However, any room to run in and explore? This can the hamster has to run around in has time you spend in such activity will be easily be done by attaching a relatively no holes into which he can get that he greatly rewarding because your pet deep and heavy cardboard box (or should not. This applies to even the will learn to love and respond to you. boxes) to the small hamster cage most tiniest hole or crack, for a hamster can It will take time, of course, so don't people house their pet in. To this, of get through a space the size of a expect your pet to start showing his course, can be added many additions quarter. affection right away. Scoop him up complete with tunnels, sand boxes, or One of the most distinctive charac gently with cupped hands when anything else your hamster might teristics of the hamster is that he is picking him up, talk to him softly, enjoy. Our pet hamster had a "man nocturnal. Unlike most humans, he don't startle him with loud noises, sion" consisting of two cages and five sleeps during the day and is awake and feed him at night from your hand, and boxes hooked together complete with active at night. However, like humans, you will soon have a hamster that stairways to the second floor. It was he does not like to be disturbed while loves you and cannot wait till you fun and rewarding to build such a he is sleeping. come to play with him. After about house. Hamster owners have differing eleven months our hamster got to the Hamsters are very inexpensive to views on whether the hamster should point where she scratched on the side feed, one fact that makes them ideal be given a box to make their bed in or of one of her boxes when she wanted pets. They like the commercially- whether they should make it in the me to play with her. They are prepared hamster food. The white part open. The enclosed bed, I think, more intelligent and sweet little animals and of hard-boiled eggs is also a favorite of closely parallels their habitation in the are capable of more than you thought hamsters and will help provide a wild, where they burrow in the ground. possible if you are just willing to spend beautifully shiny coat. Other foods You may also want to give your pet a some time with them. that might be tried in small portions small blanket such as a silk neck scarf The hamster is a very healthy little include nuts and peanut butter, or a square of cloth like a handker animal, but care must be taken to cooked spaghetti (such fun to watch chief, but never, never give him any protect him from catching cold. To them reel it in), apples, lettuce, beans, coarse or wooly material as he will prevent him from catching cold, keep 18 him in a draft-free room, keep the temperature comfortably warm (75° or 1 so) and, naturally, isolate him from "*1^^ ^ any person with a cold. If your hamster should happen to catch a cold and castor oil and warmth do not seem to help him, take him to a veterinarian immediately. If the weather is cold, don't forget to bundle the cage up and warm the car up ahead of time. One quite unusual characteristic of the hamster is that he will go into hibernation if the temperature goes below 50° or thereabouts. If, for some t /* reason, you discover the temperature in the hamster's room below 50° and v he appears not to be breathing, get him to a warm room and hold him in your hands to warm him up. He will awaken and be alright in a short while. To summarize: '*%% ^gj 1* \ '/•.. • y 1) Feed fresh food and water daily. Commercially-prepared hamster • '' ' food can be kept in the cage If given toys, hamsters will invent their own fun. until consumed. 2) Change litter every 10 days or sooner, as needed. 3) Keep the animal out of drafts and away from people with colds. 4) Maintain a warm temperature (75°-78°) in the hamster's room. 5) Prevent him from chewing on anything wooly or fuzzy. 6) Always handle gently and avoid sudden movements around or toward him. 7) Provide exercise equipment. 8) If your pet is allowed to run loose on the floor, check and double-check beforehand for holes or cracks. 9) Don't bother him during the day r while he is sleeping. 10) Take your pet to the veterinar I ian if he appears listless or sick Looking more like a "ham " than a hamster! in any way. 11) Keep him off tables and other high places unattended for he has poor eyesight and will more than likely fall off. 12) As the hamster is an extremely clean animal, there is no need to bathe him. A final paragraph must be added about the hamster's energy as he gets older. When he is young, he will be up and about from early evening till after dawn. As he grows older, however, the * time he spends awake will decrease, with intervals of rest even while up. This is natural and to be expected for he matures and grows old quickly in human terms. Since the lifespan of hamsters is short, (maximum 2 years, average 1 year) take the best care possible of your hamster, spoil him and bask in his affection, and you will have something good to remember all The first stage of my hamster's house, which later included five boxes added your days. to these two cages.
19 A LOOK AT CANINE BEHAVIOR continued from page 1 7
unstable dogs are people who do not PET CARE know the needs of their pets. I think a good step in the right direction is that anyone owning one of the larger breeds should have a certificate of handling to show he has been through an obedience school. It is very important, especially when you have crowded, suburban environments and a lot of interaction in animals. Wolf parents are very loving and very unconditional in that they also discipline the cubs, so the cubs grow up to be socially well adjusted. I think this is a critical thing underlying a lot THE CAT of dogs that have an uninhibited bite. Owners who indulge them with no discipline will induce canine delin A cat is playful, intelli sionally. Most cats enjoy quency. As I mentioned in my book gent, independent, and beef scraps and dairy prod Understanding Your Dog, it is easy to produce a canine sociopath. will be an entertaining ucts from the table. Wolves are exemplary parents. The companion. Millions of DON'T give your cat father wolf brings food to the mother cats and kittens have no bones that may splinter in the den. The pack "aunts" and "uncles" babysit and bring food to the home, and are killed in (chicken, chop, or cooked pounds, by traffic, or from cubs, too. It is a sad thing today in bones). Don't feed a dry- male dogs used for stud that they are starvation. Help stop cat food-only diet to a male bred, then taken away. How much overpopulation: spay your cat. parental behavior have we removed in female; neuter your male. male dogs? It is an interesting question. A neutered male makes a DO keep your cat indoors happier and healthier pet. Some breeders are suddenly amazed at night. Provide a box when they put their male with his own An I.D. tag will bring a with a warm blanket or pups, and a beautiful family inter lost cat home more quick cushion for sleeping; clean action takes place. It may be good for ly. regularly. Keep a large pan the puppies, too, especially if the bitch is rather neurotic. in the house filled with DO pick up your cat with By the way, wolves do not make commercial cat litter; re good pets, although they are not one hand under rump, one move waste daily; clean vicious. If you bring them into a house hand under chest. Brush regularly. where there is a sofa, they can rip up coat regularly. Check body the sofa in seconds. And if you have a for cuts and bruises. Pro bookshelf, they can bring down every book within minutes. They are curious vide a scratching post to DO let your cat out for keep claws worn down. and love to investigate everything. exercise if there is no Wolves' exploratory behavior and DON'T pick up a cat by danger of him getting lost inquisitiveness is very difficult to his neck, forefeet, or stom or hurt. Have your cat control. ach. (Don't pick up an vaccinated for cat dis / think part of the conservation and understanding of the wolf lies in ap adult cat by the scruff of temper and rabies and preciating it for itself. Man tends to the neck.) Don't drop a checked for ear mites and see the world in terms of his own cat; cats do NOT always internal parasites. Ask needs, in terms of how he can use and land on their feet and may your veterinarian about manipulate it for his own end. He sees be injured. Don't put rub other shots. If your cat the wilderness this way, the wolf and the deer. It is at\ ego trip. ber bands around your seems to have trouble We need a new set of values - cat's neck. urinating or is violently something to get people to appreciate shaking his head, call your the wolf, the dog, another person, DO serve varied commer veterinarian right away. intrinsically with its own values and its cial cat foods that have a Use cat flea spray, powder, own rights. Then we will have a better world. But the human ego frightens high-protein, high-fat con or collar; if irritation de me now. It is an immature stage of tent. Feed at regular times. velops, stop use and call evolution, and we are stuck there right Salt your cat's food occa veterinarian. now. We must find the light within our own consciences. Courtesy of THE ANIMAL PROTECTION INSTITUTE OF AMERICA See Jan I Feb 1976 issue for Part II of this interesting discussion. 20 A NEW WAY OF SOLVING Birth Defects in Cattle
According to Kansas State Univer sity, Dr. Horst Leipold is a puzzle solver. The puzzles he works with are puzzles of nature, and in solving them - hereditary and birth defects of domestic cattle — Dr. Leipold has become a recognized world authority. If Dr. Leipold, an associate pro fessor of pathology in the Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, has a basic belief, it is that everything in nature has a meaning. "Each animal," the husky German-educated scientist lectured in a recent interview, "is a result of one of nature's experiments. When some thing goes wrong, I try to untangle the web and determine what has happened." A MARBLE SARCOPHAGUS FOR A PRETTY CAT Dr. Leipold's success speaks for By Mary Wells Geer itself. In the past decade he has been primarily responsible for identifying and describing 25 disorders and birth defects in cattle. Several are of Thumbing my way through an old and dusty guide to the city of Paris, I came world-wide concern. upon an intriguing epitaph which had been engraved long ago upon an elaborately Largely as a result of his leader sculptured tomb for a well-loved cat. ship, Kansas State University now Locating the spot where this tomb was discovered, the faded description reads: maintains the only specialized center "Behind the Boulevard Henri Quatre on the west side of the block. Here Sebastien in the United States (the Laboratory Zamet, the Italian financier and bosom friend of King Henri IV, built a mansion." for Hereditary and Birth Defects) for Parisians called it "the King's love palace" - for here the King brought his favorite diagnosing and interpreting hereditary mistress, Gabrielle d'Estrees. Unfortunately, one night after supper here she felt ill diseases and birth defects in cattle. and suddenly died. The King believed her to have been poisoned, but alas, she was Just how valuable Dr. Leipold's in labor with his child. contributions have been is impossible After Zamet's death, this home was sold to the famous Constable Lesdigieres; to calculate, but Dr. Keith Huston, and a century later it was the temporary residence of the Russian Czar, Peter the associate director of the Kansas Agri Great, while he was visiting in Paris. cultural Experiment Station, gives While this great house was being demolished to make way for a boulevard this example: which would be built across the site, the small but exquisite tomb of "the pretty "As much as one per cent of the cat" was brought to light. This pet had belonged to Franpoise Marguerite de calf crop is lost to hereditary or birth Dondi, Duchess of Lesdigieres. She had commissioned this sentimental and defects. In Kansas, with 2.2 million touching epitath to be composed and carved in archaic French upon the stone: head, this means that we would have "Cy-gist une chatte jolie; had an additional 22,000 head of Sa maftresse, qui n'aime rien, cattle had there been no losses. L'aima jusqu'a la folie "If one figures each calf worth Pourquoi le dire? On le voit bien." $50 at birth, this represents a mone Freely, albeit faithfully translated, it reads: tary loss to Kansas of more than a "Here lies the lady's pretty kitty, million dollars. The doleful subject of my ditty. "And this doesn't complete the 'I loved her 'live, I'll love her dead — picture," he continues. "In some in She's all I'll love,' the lady said." stances, outstanding bulls may have more than 100,000 offspring, and (Story based upon an item found in WALKS IN PARIS by Augustus Hare, 1888.) continued on page 23 21 PET DOCTORS RESPOND AROUND-THE-CLOCK AT The man and his wife were seated ULTRA-MODERN VETERINARIAN CLINIC in a restaurant when a buzzer sounded. He flicked a lever on a pocket At the Crago Veterinary Clinic in receiving set and went to a telephone. Youngstown, Ohio, animal medicine "An emergency," he told his wife follows human standards - even to after completing his call. around-the-clock calls. A telephone "Can't be helped," she said. "I'll answering service, after hours, radios a see you afterwards." caller's number to the veterinarian's Dr. W. H. Crago left to perform a pocket receiver within a 30-mile radius hysterectomy on a shepherd dog. so he can respond. Acute pyometra, an infection of the uterus, had developed, and immediate surgery was needed. With most of the patient's dogs and cats, the practice ranges from x-ray studies for diagnosis of hidden dis orders to treatment of cardiovascular ills. The air-conditioned clinic, equipped with an electrocardiograph and other advanced instruments, has two surgery rooms, piped for oxygen, nitrogen, and air suction. The Crago family founded the clinic in 1937. Dr. W. H. Crago is known as "Dr. Bill" - to distinguish him from his brother, V. G. Crago, clinic director, and T. G. Crago, the director's son. A fourth veterinarian is D. E. Huber. All received their D.V.M. degrees from Ohio State University, except Dr. Huber who earned his at Auburn University. In Youngstown, a strict leash law reduces the number of fractures treated. Hence, most of the clinic's '"-- diagnostic x-ray is devoted to soft tissue structures, including heart and blood vessels. X-raying such tissue w demands the highest standards to register sufficient detail. In examining animals, some 200 radiographs are produced each month. With Dr. Bill, there are no half measures. A former president of the American Veterinary Radiology So ciety, he also has served as chairman of •L \ the radiology review board for the Standards Committee of the American Animal Hospital Association. "It's sometimes difficult to make a proper interpretation with a good radiograph," he says wryly. "With a poor one, it's nearly impossible." \ The inpatient area includes 16 compartments for small animals and . three runs, incorporating a dental alcove and two preparatory areas. ^ Arranged for efficient traffic flow are four examining rooms, a pharmacy, and laboratory, in addition to surgery and radiology. Although cases of cardiovascular ills are treated in dogs and cats, Dr. Crago says no open-heart surgery has been performed yet. He refers such cases to Doberman awaits surgery for an intestinal tumor. Bandage on forepaw protects his Alma Mater, the Ohio State incision while intravenous catheter was inserted to administer fluids during and University School of Veterinary Medi after surgery.. cine. 22 BIRTH DEFECTS IN CATTLE continued from page 21
through sons and grandsons be re sponsible for a fifth of the individuals in a single breed. "Losses can be catastrophic. In the 1940's, for example, when dwarfism became the scourge of the Hereford breed, even entire herds were liquid ated so that breeding lines could be eliminated." Huston says that today, thanks to the work of Dr. Leipold and his associates in the KSU Laboratory for Hereditary Diseases and Birth De fects, scientists have a lot better idea of how to control genetic miscues. This past year, for example, the KSU Laboratory worked with six of the nation's purebred beef and dairy cattle registry organizations and with seven of the largest artificial breeding organizations in the country. As a result of these meetings, six bulls were removed from studs in a selec tive effort to solve breeding prob lems. W. H. (Bill) Crago, D. V.M., discusses radiographs of dog patients at the Crago To control in this fashion is im Veterinary Clinic. At lower right of viewer is a 14 x 17-inch radiograph containing portant, Huston notes, because if an four successive exposures. Through a method devised by the veterinarian, it is outstanding individual has to be re possible to expose four x-ray views -- dorsal-ventral, slight oblique, more oblique, moved from stud this particular bull's and lateral - on the same film within 30 seconds. outstanding qualities may be lost, with tremendous unseen economic consequences. "Calculate for yourself what it means if offspring of one bull are 10% more efficient in using feed than the offspring of another bull," Huston adds. in Dr. Leipold's work also is of interest • in human medicine. Many of the defects with which he works have their counterparts in humans. And since these defects are difficult to study in humans, Dr. Leipold's investigations take on added interest for those in human medicine. One of these diseases is "arthrogry- possis," which leaves its victims with crippled, deformed, limbs. "This is one of the scourges of modern medicine," comments Dr. Leipold. "It is a worldwide problem in all breeds of cattle, and a problem in human medicine as well." Another disease important in both humans and animals is osteopetrosis (marble bones). "The offspring are born with solid bones which contain no bone marrow so that there is no way for red blood cells to be formed." Dr. Leipold and associates also have described three new, and different, types of albinism. These are of special interest because one type is close to human conditions. Among other important diseases of cattle that have been identified and Patients like this parakeet are rare at the Crago Veterinary Clinic. Seven out of 10 described are syndactyly (mulefoot), patients are dogs, while cats make up most of the balance. continued on page 26 23 when were
* 9 *
By Letha Curtis Musgrave
The Egyptian Cat Goddess, Bast or Bastet, Mansell Collection, London.
Every year dozens of brightly at night when the moon goddess garlanded boats bore pilgrims up or reigns. The Egyptians believed that the down the Nile to a very special island. pupils of a cat's eyes grew larger and Making merry music all the way — smaller as the moon waxed and waned. women singing and clapping, men Also, a sleeping cat curled into the playing flutes — the voyagers stopped form of a crescent of a full circle at every town and village along the seemed an ideal symbol of the moon. river to watch the townspeople per As moon goddess, Bastet was not form dances on the pier as their part in altogether gentle. She had to protect the festivities. Having docked at the the Egyptians from the dread serpent island at last, the pilgrims walked of darkness. They believed that Bastet through sacred groves to a huge, red held the serpent's head in her claws all granite temple, there to make sacri night, tearing it if he moved, so that he fices, drink wine and enjoy a memor could not keep the daylight from able feast. The occasion? The annual dawning. festival of the Cat goddess Bastet, Cat worship took a different form favorite deity of the Egyptians 3500 later in Egyptian history, when the sun years ago. god, Ra, was supreme. Ra was praised Bastet, represented as a cat or a as "the Great Cat, the avenger of the woman with a cat's head, was goddess gods, and the judge of words, and the of many of the best things in president of the sovereign chiefs and life-motherhood, fire and warmth, the governor of the holy circle." Ra fertility, the hunt, and indeed of took the form of the Great Cat mainly happiness itself. She was also goddess when fighting his arch enemy, that of the moon. In many ways her cat same old serpent of darkness, Apep. nature fitted her for this role best of The ancient Papyrus of Ani shows a all-and not just because cats are active cat with a large knife in his paws cutting off the head of a python — seems rather stiff and formal to our a white face and chest. Spots or stripes symbolic of Ra's victory over his foe. modern taste. Even more appealing are rather than solid colors seem to have By far the most dramatic battles the many carvings, often made of gold, been characteristic of the cats of that between Ra and the serpent took place which show cats tied to chair legs by time. in the daytime, when Apep tried to ribbons, eating fish, holding mice, People like Apy and Nebamun devour the sun, causing an eclipse. On nursing their young — doing all the loved their cats so much that they those rare but memorable occasions, things our cats do. went into mourning when their pets the Great Cat leaped to the rescue, Apy, an Egyptian sculptor who died. In fact, the whole family would outdoing even himself in the ferocity died about 1400 B.C., was a cat lover shave off their eyebrows as a sign of of his struggle. At last Apep, badly immortalized, along with his pets, in a grief. A favorite cat was mummified, wounded, gave in. The sun shone once large tomb painting which shows his just as a person was, and often had a more! In the unbounded rejoicing that whole family. He and his wife (also tomb of his own, with his picture on followed, all the cats in Egypt, from dead) sit quietly while their son and its walls. His rrjaster would put little exalted temple cats to lowly alley cats, daughter approach bringing gifts — a pots of milk in the tomb so the cat received special honor. bouquet, jars of water, a pretty would not get hungry in the afterlife On lesser occasions too, the headband. Apy holds a tawny kitten or feel neglected. If he could not people's gratitude to the gods often which is playing with his sleeve, while afford a tomb for his pet—and of took the form of homage to cats, a blue-eyed, spotted cat with a silver course most people couldn't-the be especially those which roamed freely ring in its ear sits under his wife's reaved master might save the cat's through the temples of Bastet. Since chair. mummy until the next feast of the Cat Bastet was the protectress of children, Another cat lover, Nebamun, made Goddess and then bury it in a special whenever a child recovered from an use of his pet as a retriever. Apparent place provided at her temple. Or he illness his mother and father thanked ly Egyptian cats commonly performed might take it to one of the many cat her by rewarding the temple cats. The this service, as hunting dogs do today. cemeteries, the largest of which held grateful parents shaved the child's In a way, this is not surprising, for hundreds of thousands of cat mum head, weighed the hair, and gave an modern cats often lay dead mice or mies. Thus he paid his sacred little equivalent weight of silver to the birds proudly at their masters'feet. But friend the final tribute of preserving its Keepers of the Sacred Cats to be used Nebamun's cat went into the water remains. for extra food for the revered animals. after dead waterfowl! Nebamun (in his After more than 3000 years it is Even cats not privileged to live in tomb painting) stands in a papyrus impossible to say which emotion the the temples were regarded as sacred. skiff, his little daughter holding onto Egyptians more often or more strongly No one could harm or kill them. If he his leg, while his cat pounces on two felt toward their cats — a worshiper's did, he risked death himself at the waterfowl, seizing a third in its mouth. adoration or a master's affection. But hands of the enraged people. Even as Nebamun has just killed the birds with it does seem certain that, whether late as 50 B.C., according to the a stick shaped much like a boomerang. sitting on the god's throne or the pet's Sicilian historian Diodorus, anyone in Like most other Egyptian cats shown cushion, a cat in ancient Egypt Egypt who saw a dead cat would in paintings, his pet is tawny, but with enjoyed a twofold love. hastily withdraw and shout, "with lamentations," that he had found it already dead. One of the Pharoahs made provision in his will for what was probably the world's first animal shelter, the "Cats' Orchard," a garden where homeless cats could find food and shelter. Besides taking good care of all the cats at home, Egyptians looked out for feline welfare in other lands. Soldiers by Phyllis L. Talbot on campaign would gather up cats and take them back to Egypt so that they might enjoy their rightful privileges as gods. Thus, in one way and another, We use many figures of speech in our daily lives. A simile is a figure of speech Egypt became heavily populated with that compares one thing with another. Example, "Spry as a chipmunk." Listed cats. No wonder a Greek traveler below are others. Can you name them? wrote that Egypt was a land where it was more common to meet a god than 1. Sly as a — 1. A wild animal of the dog family a man! 2. Strong as an 2. Bovine beast of burden But Egyptian cats were not only 3. Cute as a 3. Young cat gods, they were also pets, loved as 4. Quiet as a 4. Small rodent dearly as we love our pet cats today. 5. Quick as a 5. Feline Thus human feeling toward them was 6. Big as an 6. Native animal of Africa twofold in nature, a mingling of 7. Fierce as a 7. Native animal of Africa worship and affection. A thousand 8. Busy as a — 8. Builder of dams years before Bastet's shrine was built, 9. Stubborn as a 9. Long eared quadruped-equine a cat was listed in an inscription as "a 10. Greedy as a 10. Young swine little royal favorite." Later many of 11. Meek as a 11. Young sheep the scenes of domestic life painted on 12. Laugh like a 12. Cowardly animal of Asia and Africa the walls of fombs included cats. Their 13. Wise as an 13. Night bird of prey playfulness and the affection their 14. Sf lly as a 14. Barnyard fowl masters felt for them clearly show in 15. Faithful as a 15. Canine the paintings, in spite of the highly stylized form of Egyptian art, which ANSWERS ON PAGE 29 25 this Christmas... give a year oj WHY NOT GIVE A MEMBER OF YOUR FAMILY "ANIMAL CAVALCADE" AS A VERY SPECIAL CHRISTMAS GIFT?
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Street CATTLE continued from page 23 City State Zip which features fusion of two toes in Gift card to read: "From. cattle; hydrocephalus (water on the brain), of which two types have been • 12 Issues D 24 Issues identified and described; and adactyly (no feet). To Dr. Leipold's successes culminate more than half a century of effort by Street KSU scientists and geneticists to solve hereditary disorders in livestock. City State Zip- "It's been a persistent, dogged, effort to keep seeking solutions to Gift card to read: "From, these problems," says Huston. • 12 Issues • 24 Issues "Now, with Dr. Leipold's leader ship, some of these problems are being solved. You've got to be patient," Huston continues. "You may have to To wait for 15 years to know what you're Street doing. This whole area remained underdeveloped until Dr. Leipold City State Zip came along with his special pathologi cal skills. Gift card to read: "From ____' "Many others had made the same observations he had, and many others • 12 Issues • 24 Issues had the same information to work with that he has had to work with. I enclose $ to cover subscriptions. But, for one reason or another, no one prior to Dr. Leipold had the interest, dedication, or ability, to 8338 ROSEMEAD BLVD., PICO RIVERA, CA. 90660 solve these problems." IN THE NEWS status, and located in Moraga, Cali cultures of such nematodes for prelim continued from page 6 fornia (1024 Country Club Drive). inary screening of potential remedies. A steering committee, under the Commented one colleague: "These CALIFORNIA direction of Chairman Dr. Stone and have been important accomplishments VETERINARIANS ANNOUNCE Co-chairman Dr. Donald Blomberg of and provide experimental tools to PROGRAM TO SOLVE PET Antioch, with the guidance of H. Don approach biochemical, pharmacologic Mahan, Executive Director of the al, and immunological problems which OVERPOPULATION PROBLEM Southern California Veterinary Medi are most essential to an understanding cal Association, has been working for of host-parasite interactions." Dr. William B. Wet more of more than one year to develop a The "Distinguished Graduate Facul Modesto, President of the California program that would satisfy the de ty Award" recipient is chosen by the Veterinary Medical Association, an mands of both the profession and the KSU Graduate Faculty on the basis of nounced today that the veterinary lay public, and meeting the most "eminent achievements in research, profession in California will launch a important goal of an inexpensive scholarly work, or creative accomplish major drive to combat pet animal product for mass consumption. ments." overpopulation problems in the United The 49-year-old KSU researcher holds B.S. (1949) and M.S. (1950) States: DR. VAN PELT TO HEAD degrees from the University of Illinois "Millions of dollars are spent each SUB-COMMITTEE year on the wanton destruction of pets and his Ph.D. (1953) is from Michigan State University. and yet no major national campaign Dr. Lloyd Van Pelt, former presi During his career he has received has ever been launched to prevent this dent of Animal Health Foundation several hundred thousand dollars in waste of life and money," Dr. and active supporter of the Animal research support. The National Science Wetmore noted in addressing his Cavalcade, has been selected to chair Foundation, for example, has provided fellow practitioners by letter this past the sub-committee that will be re continuous support for his in vitro month. "We must take the lead in sponsible for preparing research grants studies since 1959. This research has providing the avenues to bring this for the new foundation. Dr. Van Pelt resulted in more than 100 publica national problem under control." is director of the Animal Care Facility tions, most of which have appeared in of Harbor General Hospital in Tor national or international peer-referred rance. journals. EXTENT OF PROBLEM Although his studies have been highly technical, they have important Major publications in the United economic consequences world-wide: ! States have quoted figures of • Losses by the American cattle V * 55,000,000 to 75,000,000 unwanted industry from worm parasites alone ! pets in this country. Some estimates have been estimated at $100
CAN CATS BE TRAINED ?
By Louis J. Camuti, B.S.,D.V.S. Reprinted courtesy of FELINE PRACTICE — Jul/Aug '74 In my opinion, nothing is more pitiful than a Beebe would crouch for a moment, wiggle her dog—or bird, monkey, seal, bear, or what have hindquarters, then run at top speed toward the you—going through a series of contortions that actor. The cat skidded to a stop a few inches from people call tricks. I don't feel sorry fortheanimal. Larimore, and the two of them would gently bump He doesn't know or care that he's being made to their heads together. look not like an animal but a grotesque reflection Larimore's favorite routine involved a verbal of a person. Some of the "trainable" animals command. As soon as he was sure of Beebe's at even seem to enjoy it. My pity is for the human tention, he would crouch sligfrtly, hands on his who feels driven by some inner compulsion to knees. make himself master over these animals and to "Go Hollywood, Beebe," he ordered. "Go prove it by teaching them things no animal would Hollywood!" even consider if left to his own devices. Beebe, with a look of utter abandon, flopped to All cats can sit up and beg, walk on their hind the floor, rolled over, all paws up, and wriggled legs, roll over and play dead; if they feel like it. back and forth. My own cats have gone through as many routines Larimore unquestionably had a way with Beebe. as a vaudeville hoofer, especially at mealtime. He was also a master showman with a perfect But no cat will do anything consistently on com sense of timing. Without detracting from Lari mand. I'm glad of that. Somehow it pleases me to more's skill as an impresario of cats, I suspected know that I'm enjoying the company of an animal that Beebe might have done the tricks anyway who doesn't feel obliged to show his affection by and that Larimore, an instinctive trouper, knew serving me, or winning my food and favor by just when to go along with them. playing the clown. There's a difference between tricks and train The nearest thing to a "trick" cat I've seen was ing. If cats refuse to compromise their dignity by Beebe, a female Siamese kept by Earle Larimore, doing tricks, they are the easiest of all animals to a stage star. Larimore had just come back from train, if you consider training the ability to fit into Hollywood when I first met him. He was fed up your environment. Most cats practically house- with the place, disgusted with most of the movies break themselves. Show them their toilet pan a being turned out, content to live quietly away few times—sometimes once is enough—and they from the whole business. He spent much of his will use it from then on. Cats have adapted hap leisure with Beebe; the cat and the actor seemed pily to living with newspapermen, theater people, to have reached some deep and secret under and writers, most of whom live on the weirdest standing. I shall never forget Larimore's expres routines and schedules I've ever known. sive face when he looked at Beebe, as if he and But cats agree to discipline only when they his pet were communicating wordlessly, sharing feel like it. Basically, a cat will do what he wants. private jokes and mutual opinions of the world. Punishment, with cats, is not only cruel, but stu Larimore and Beebe made a great team. When pid and useless. The old wives' recourse to "rub Larimore bent down and held out his arms in the bing his nose in it" is insulting to a cat. form of a hoop, Beebe came racing up and jumped Cats can be trained. However, it's much easier through. Another act starred Larimore and Beebe to let the cat train you. He will, in short order, let in a colossal production called "Bumpsy." you know exactly how things should be arranged, In this, Larimore played straight man or second what he expects you to do to suit his convenience, banana. While Beebe watched him from one cor how he likes his food served, and where he choos ner of the room, the actor knelt and bent his head es to sleep. It is surprising how quickly humans toward the floor. can learn. The result will be a harmonious, happy "Bumpsy!" he called. relationship. 30 views with dozens of scientists and AN EGG-CITING MALLARD perceptive owners of dogs, cats, birds your pet's and horses, it documents that dolphins By Guy J. Ruston and chimpanzees are not alone in using extensive vocabularies. own There's a domestic mallard in Originally skeptical, the amazed Loughborough, England that's a real author discovered pets with sophisti supporter of Ducks Unlimited. She cated responses and true compre hatched her first clutch last June; but hension. He reports how the owners no sooner were the ten little ones in lives were enriched by adding this the farm pond than she began laying most exciting dimension to the rela again. Her owner, believing the little tionships with their animals. Your mother had enough to do with ten Pet's Secret Language contains a lively youngsters, gave some of the wealth of practical information to next seventeen eggs to a broody hen insure your success: and the rest to another mallard. Still the eggs kept coming. Communication aptitudes of 21 Our heroine is new setting on a leading dog breeds including mon clutch of ten more eggs, having grels produced her first thirty-seven in six Communication talents of six lead months. ing breeds of cats (A re-write of a report in New Reveille, How to unlock the mysteries of pet London, England) language through the proven princi ple called R.A.P. Lists of Do's and Don'ts for com municating with your pet YOUR PET'S SECRET A complete Pet Communication AN OLD DOGS' TALE LANGUAGE: HOW TO Dictionary for verbal and non UNDERSTAND IT AND SPEAK verbal communication between IT animals and their owners. Several hunters were sitting around one night bragging about the dogs they Jhan Robbins has owned a total of 13 owned. Noting that an elderly native by Jhan Robbins dogs, three cats and five horses. He is a was listening intently, they laid it on Introduction by Cleveland Amory former President of the Society of thick. "Take my setter," said one man. Peter K. Wyden, Publisher $6.95 Magazine Writers, and his articles, par "When I send him to the store for ticularly in the fields of science and eggs, he refuses to accept them unless health, have appeared in several Have you ever wished you could talk they are fresh. What a nose that dog national magazines. His book, Eight things over with your pet . . . but dis has!" Weeks to Live, was nominated for a missed the thought as impossible? This "That's nothing," boasted another. Pulitzer Prize, and he has been a book tells you just how . . . "My springer goes out for my cigars consultant to the Association for the and refuses to accept any but my Advancement of Psychoanalysis. The Fund for Animals has as its proud favorite brand. Not only that, he slogan, "We speak for those who won't smoke any until he gets home can't." Now, it appears animals not and I offer him one." only can speak, they do speak. The "Say, old timer," said another man, trouble is, we haven't learned to listen. IF YOU HAVEN'T SUB turning to the native, "did you ever hear of any dogs as smart as ours?" SCRIBED TO ANIMAL CAVAL "Just one - my brother's dog," was For the first time, a book shows CADE - ASK YOUR VETER step-by-step how to tune yourself in to the reply. "I think maybe he's a little understand your pet's sounds and sig INARIAN FOR A COPY TO smarter." nals, and even carry on two-way "con READ. "How?" he was asked. versations" with your favorite animal. "Well," replied the native, "he runs Based on clinical research and inter the store where your dogs trade."
Animal Health Foundation 833S Rosemead Boulevard, Pico Rivera, California 9066U Harry Maiden, Executive Director BOARD OF TRUSTEES (who serve without remuneration) Howard A. Weyker, D.V.M., President Nino Aloro, D.V.M. William W. Putney, D.V.M. Richard S. Glassberg, D.V.M., Vice President Clinton M. Baxter, D.V.M. William K. Riddell, D.V.M. W.A. Young, D.V.M., Secretary Richard B. Fink, D.V.M. Thomas N. Snortum. D.V.M. Foster A. Lasdon. D.V.M.. Treasurer William A. Grant, D.V.M. Arthur W. Stone, D.V.M. Richard D. Macy, D.V.M. Delbert A. Thomas, J.D. "I feed my dog ALPO because I know meat's good for him."
"Meat is a dog's natural food. It's full of protein, energy and nourishment. And meat's what he loves most. r That's why I feed my dog ALPO. ALPO Beef Chunks Dinner is meat by-products and beef—without a speck of cereal. And ALPO's all a dog ever needs to eat. I spend a lot of time working for the proper care and protection of animals, and when it comes to feeding my own dog, I know there isn't a better dog food than ALPO."
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