Structural Modification of Kaisi04 Minerals
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Feldspar and Nepheline Syenite 2016
2016 Minerals Yearbook FELDSPAR AND NEPHELINE SYENITE [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior January 2020 U.S. Geological Survey Feldspar and Nepheline Syenite By Arnold O. Tanner Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Raymond I. Eldridge III, statistical assistant. In 2016, feldspar production in the United States was representing 46% of the 2016 production tonnages listed in estimated to be 470,000 metric tons (t) valued at $33.1 million, tables 1 and 2. an almost 10% decrease in quantity and a 11% decrease in Feldspar was mined in six States (table 3). North Carolina value compared with 2015 (table 1). Exports of feldspar in 2016 was by far the leading producer State; the remaining five were, decreased by 61% to 5,890 t, valued at $1.5 million, and imports in descending order of estimated output, Virginia, California, of feldspar decreased by 69% to 36,900 t, valued at $3.4 million. Idaho, Oklahoma, and South Dakota. Production was from Imports of nepheline syenite (predominantly from Canada) 10 mines and beneficiating facilities—4 in North Carolina, 2 in increased by 27% to about 572,000 t valued at $73 million. California, and 1 in each of the 4 remaining States (table 3). World production of feldspar in 2016 was 23.4 million metric I-Minerals Inc. continued the mine permitting process for tons (Mt) (tables 1, 7). its Helmer-Bovill project in north-central Idaho; the mine Feldspars, which constitute about 60% of the earth’s crust, would produce potassium feldspar, halloysite, kaolin, and are anhydrous aluminosilicate minerals of two main groupings: quartz. -
Marinellite, a New Feldspathoid of the Cancrinite-Sodalite Group
Eur. J. Mineral. 2003, 15, 1019–1027 Marinellite, a new feldspathoid of the cancrinite-sodalite group ELENA BONACCORSI* and PAOLO ORLANDI Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita` di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, I-56126 Pisa, Italy * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Marinellite, [(Na,K)42Ca6](Si36Al36O144)(SO4)8Cl2·6H2O, cell parameters a = 12.880(2) Å, c = 31.761(6) Å, is a new feldspathoid belonging to the cancrinite-sodalite group. The crystal structure of a twinned crystal was preliminary refined in space group P31c, but space group P62c could also be possible. It was found near Sacrofano, Latium, Italy, associated with giuseppettite, sanidine, nepheline, haüyne, biotite, and kalsilite. It is anhedral, transparent, colourless with vitreous lustre, white streak and Mohs’ hardness of 5.5. The mineral does not fluoresce, is brittle, has conchoidal fracture, and presents poor cleavage on {001}. Dmeas is 3 3 2.405(5) g/cm , Dcalc is 2.40 g/cm . Optically, marinellite is uniaxial positive, non-pleochroic, = 1.495(1), = 1.497(1). The strongest five reflections in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d in Å (I) (hkl)]: 3.725 (100) (214), 3.513 (80) (215), 4.20 (42) (210), 3.089 (40) (217), 2.150 (40) (330). The electron microprobe analysis gives K2O 7.94, Na2O 14.95, CaO 5.14, Al2O3 27.80, SiO2 32.73, SO3 9.84, Cl 0.87, (H2O 0.93), sum 100.20 wt %, less O = Cl 0.20, (total 100.00 wt %); H2O calculated by difference. The corresponding empirical formula, based on 72 (Si + Al), is (Na31.86K11.13Ca6.06) =49.05(Si35.98Al36.02)S=72O144.60(SO4)8.12Cl1.62·3.41H2O. -
26 May 2021 Aperto
AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'Università di Torino The crystal structure of sacrofanite, the 74 Å phase of the cancrinite–sodalite supergroup This is the author's manuscript Original Citation: Availability: This version is available http://hdl.handle.net/2318/90838 since Published version: DOI:10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.06.033 Terms of use: Open Access Anyone can freely access the full text of works made available as "Open Access". Works made available under a Creative Commons license can be used according to the terms and conditions of said license. Use of all other works requires consent of the right holder (author or publisher) if not exempted from copyright protection by the applicable law. (Article begins on next page) 05 October 2021 This Accepted Author Manuscript (AAM) is copyrighted and published by Elsevier. It is posted here by agreement between Elsevier and the University of Turin. Changes resulting from the publishing process - such as editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms - may not be reflected in this version of the text. The definitive version of the text was subsequently published in MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS, 147, 2012, 10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.06.033. You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your license is limited by the following restrictions: (1) You may use this AAM for non-commercial purposes only under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license. (2) The integrity of the work and identification of the author, copyright owner, and publisher must be preserved in any copy. -
FELDSPAR and NEPHELINE SYENITE by Michael J
FELDSPAR AND NEPHELINE SYENITE By Michael J. Potter Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Hoa P. Phamdang, statistical assistant, and the world production table was prepared by Glenn J. Wallace, international data coordinator. Feldspars are the Earth’s most abundant mineral group, The value of total feldspar sold or used in table 4 is higher than estimated to constitute 60% of the earth’s crust (Kauffman and the feldspar production value shown in tables 1 and 2. The sold Van Dyk, 1994). They are aluminum silicate minerals that or used value represents the final marketed feldspar product. contain varying proportions of calcium, potassium, and sodium. The unit value of $65.27 per metric ton for the “pottery and Nepheline syenite is a light-colored, silica-deficient feldspathic miscellaneous” category in table 4 is less than the price range rock made up mostly of sodium and potassium feldspars and for ceramic-grade feldspar in table 5. However, the latter is nepheline; although not mined in the United States in 2002, it was stated by the publisher to be intended to serve only as a guide. imported from Canada for use in the glass and ceramic industries. World Review.—Canada.—Avalon Ventures Ltd. continued work on its high-lithium feldspar Separation Rapids project Feldspar in Kenora, Ontario. Project engineering and feasibility study work focused on process flowsheet design and transportation In glassmaking, alumina from feldspar improves product studies. To further evaluate a new dry process flowsheet, a 5-t hardness, durability, and resistance to chemical corrosion. In ore sample was collected for shipment to a test milling facility. -
Crystallization and Metasomatism of Nepheline Syenite Xenoliths in Quartz-Bearing Intrusive Rocks in the Permian Oslo Rift, SE Norway
Crystallization and metasomatism of nepheline syenite xenoliths in quartz-bearing intrusive rocks in the Permian Oslo rift, SE Norway TOM ANDERSEN & HENNING SØRENSEN Andersen, T. & Sørensen, H.: Crystallization and metasomatism of nepheline syenite xenoliths in quartz-bearing intrusive rocks in the Permian Oslo rift, SE Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 73, pp. 250-266. Oslo 1993. ISSN 0029-196X. Small bodies of metasomatized nepheline syenite occur as xenoliths in syenitic and granitic intrusions in the Mykle area, ca. 30 km N of the Larvik pluton in the Vestfold Graben of the late Paleozoic Qslo rift of SE Norway. The nepheline syenite has a metaluminous major element composition, and its primary igneous mineralogy is: alkali feldspar + nepheline + clinopyroxene + titanite + magnetite + apatite ± amphibole. The mafic silicate minerals have lower (Na + K)/AI than comparable minerals in other fe lsic intrusions in the Oslo Rift. Gamet (grossular-andradite), analcime, sodalite, thomsonite and gonnardite occur as interstitial minerals in the )east altered parts of the nepheline syenite. The xenoliths were metasomatized as a result of interaction between nepheline syenite and younger silica-saturated to oversaturated magrnas and their associated fluids. Early, pervasive metasomatism led to breakdown of nepheline, replacement of pyroxene by biotite ± garnet and crystallization of quartz. Recrystallization took place at solidus-near temperatures (700-725°C), and was controlled by an increase in silica activity and oxygen fugacity. Titanite + magnetite were replaced by rutile + quartz + hematite + calcite at a late stage of the metasomatic history, at oxygen fugacities above the HM buffer, and T < 450°C. The xenoliths indicate the former presence of larger bodies of nepheline syenite in an area where no such rocks were known previously. -
Unusual Silicate Mineralization in Fumarolic Sublimates of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia – Part 2: Tectosilicates
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 121–136, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-121-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unusual silicate mineralization in fumarolic sublimates of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia – Part 2: Tectosilicates Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina1, Igor V. Pekov1, Natalia N. Koshlyakova1, Sergey N. Britvin2,3, Natalia V. Zubkova1, Dmitry A. Varlamov4, and Eugeny G. Sidorov5 1Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2Department of Crystallography, St Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia 3Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fersman Str. 14, 184200 Apatity, Russia 4Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademika Osypyana ul., 4, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia 5Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Boulevard 9, 683006 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Correspondence: Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina ([email protected]) Received: 19 June 2019 – Accepted: 1 November 2019 – Published: 29 January 2020 Abstract. This second of two companion articles devoted to silicate mineralization in fumaroles of the Tol- bachik volcano (Kamchatka, Russia) reports data on chemistry, crystal chemistry and occurrence of tectosil- icates: sanidine, anorthoclase, ferrisanidine, albite, anorthite, barium feldspar, leucite, nepheline, kalsilite, so- dalite and hauyne. Chemical and genetic features of fumarolic silicates are also summarized and discussed. These minerals are typically enriched with “ore” elements (As, Cu, Zn, Sn, Mo, W). Significant admixture of 5C As (up to 36 wt % As2O5 in sanidine) substituting Si is the most characteristic. Hauyne contains up to 4.2 wt % MoO3 and up to 1.7 wt % WO3. -
Mineral Mania
Name(s) _______________________________ Mineral Visit the Earth Science section of the Kid Zone at The Science Spot (http://sciencespot.net/) to Mania find the answers to these questions! Site: Mineral Uses 1. Based on current consumption, it is estimated that you - and every other person in the United States - will use more than a ________________ pounds of rocks, minerals and metals during your lifetime. How many pounds of the following will you use? ______ Lead ______ Zinc _____ Copper ______ Aluminum ______ Iron ______ Clays ______ Salt ______ Stone, sand, & gravel 2. Match each resource to its best use(s). _____ Aluminum A. Used to make “copper” pennies, brass, and nails B. Used to make fertilizer, paper, film, matches, tires, and drugs _____ Antimony C. Used to make phosphate fertilizer and is found in soft drinks _____ Beryllium D. Most abundant element used to make containers and _____ Coal deodorants E. Found in metal alloys for air crafts as well as emeralds _____ Copper F. Used to produce 56% of electricity in the US _____ Flint G. Used to make electrical wires, brass, bronze, coins, plumbing, _____ Fluorite and jewelry H. Used to make arrowheads, spear points, and knives; may be _____ Galena used to start a fire _____ Gold I. Primary source of lead, used to make batteries, fishing _____ Gypsum weights, and the lead shields to protect us during X-rays J. Primary use is for “sheet rock” or wallboard _____ Halite K. Native element used to make medicine, glass, and fireworks _____ Hematite L. Used to make fluoride toothpaste, pottery, and hydrofluoric acid _____ Limestone M. -
The Erystal Strueture of Bieehulite, Ca2[Ai2si06](OH)2
Zeitsclll'ift fiir Kristallographie, Bd, 146, S. 35-41 (1977) ~ by Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, vViesbaden 1977 The erystal strueture of bieehulite, Ca2[AI2Si06](OH)2 By Knt'l' SARI, and NmA:-I.IAN DEH CRA'l"fl<,RJEE Institut fiir Mineralogie, Ruhr- U niversitiit, Boehum (Received 29 .January 1977) Auszug Die Kristallstruktur von synthetiscllOm Bicchulit wurde mit Rontgen- Einkristallmethoden bestimmt (R = 0,07 fUr aile 65 beobachteten Reflexe). Bicchulit hat eine Geruststruktur vom Sodalith-Typ. Al und Si sind statistisch auf die Tetraederpliitze verteilt und nul' von Sauorstoffatomen koordiniert. Calcium ist von drei Sauerstoffatomen und drei OR-Gruppen oktaedrisch umgeben. .1eweils vier wIehe Oktaeder sind libel' gemeinsame OR-OR-Kanten zu einer Vierergruppe verkniipft. Diese Vierergruppen sind in die Hohlriiume des Geriists eingelagcrt. Abstract The crystal structure of synthetic bicchulite was determined with single- crystal x-ray methods (R = 0.07 for all 65 observed reflections). Bicchulite has a sodalite-type framework structure with Al and Si distributed statistically in the tetrahedral sites, coordinated solely by oxygen atoms. Calcium is coordinated octahedrally by three oxygen atoms and three OR groups. Four such octahedra are linked to a group by OR -OR edges. ThesE' octahedra groups occupy the cavities within the fntm8work. Introduetion Single crystals of synthetic bicchulite, Ca2[AhSi06](OH)2 were grown under hydrothermal conditions by GUPTA and CHATTERJEE (1977). The crystals were more or less equidimensional but very small (at most (J.()5mm in diameter). GUPTA and CHATTERJEE (1977) deter- mined the lattice constants of bicchulite from powder patterns (Guinier and powder diffractometer method, Cu radiation). They indexed the powder patterns on the basis of a body-centered cubic cell, as sug- gested by HENMI et al. -
Synthesis of Sodalite from Nepheline for Conditioning Chloride Salt Wastes G
SYNTHESIS of SODALITE SYNTHESIS OF SODALITE FROM NEPHELINE FOR CONDITIONING CHLORIDE SALT WASTES G. De Angelis, C. Fedeli, M. Capone ENEA – C.R. Casaccia, Roma, Italy M. Da Ros, F. Giacobbo, E. Macerata, M. Mariani Politecnico di Milano – Milano, Italy IPRC 2012, Fontana, Wisconsin, USA SYNTHESIS of SODALITE Synthesis of LiK.SODALITE through Pressureless Consolidation process SYNTHESIS of SODALITE PC Process at ANL Process flow diagram for Pressureless Consolidation process at ANL SYNTHESIS of SODALITE PC Process at ANL Pressureless Consolidation Can Assembly (left) and Production-scale CWF furnace (right) SYNTHESIS of SODALITE LiCl-KCl Al Si O . 2H O --- NaOH Melting 773 K 2 2 7 2 Ar glove-box Kaolinite Freezing room temp. Mixing Crushing Heating Simulated Waste Salt Nepheline NaAlSiO4 Nepheline Mixing Glass frit PC process Air SYNTHESIS of SODALITE SYNTHESIS of SODALITE Mixing and grinding of nepheline with LiCl-KCl SYNTHESIS of SODALITE Reference composition of chloride salt wastes SYNTHESIS of SODALITE SYNTHESIS of SODALITE T2.4.1: SYNTHESIS of SODALITE Alumina crucible Steel rod, ab. 280 g Internal vessel F 38.0 mm Components used for labo. scale Pressureless Consolidation experiments SYNTHESIS of SODALITE Assembly of the components Final consolidation product F 32.9 mm SYNTHESIS of SODALITE Sodalite pellet after a Pressureless Consolidation experiment SYNTHESIS of SODALITE Experiments with a common glass frit Density of the final product: 2.122 g/cc SYNTHESIS of SODALITE PC process 1H 7H 3H FTIR spectra at increasing time of reaction -
Identification Tables for Common Minerals in Thin Section
Identification Tables for Common Minerals in Thin Section These tables provide a concise summary of the properties of a range of common minerals. Within the tables, minerals are arranged by colour so as to help with identification. If a mineral commonly has a range of colours, it will appear once for each colour. To identify an unknown mineral, start by answering the following questions: (1) What colour is the mineral? (2) What is the relief of the mineral? (3) Do you think you are looking at an igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary rock? Go to the chart, and scan the properties. Within each colour group, minerals are arranged in order of increasing refractive index (which more or less corresponds to relief). This should at once limit you to only a few minerals. By looking at the chart, see which properties might help you distinguish between the possibilities. Then, look at the mineral again, and check these further details. Notes: (i) Name: names listed here may be strict mineral names (e.g., andalusite), or group names (e.g., chlorite), or distinctive variety names (e.g., titanian augite). These tables contain a personal selection of some of the more common minerals. Remember that there are nearly 4000 minerals, although 95% of these are rare or very rare. The minerals in here probably make up 95% of medium and coarse-grained rocks in the crust. (ii) IMS: this gives a simple assessment of whether the mineral is common in igneous (I), metamorphic (M) or sedimentary (S) rocks. These are not infallible guides - in particular many igneous and metamorphic minerals can occur occasionally in sediments. -
Chiral Proportions of Nepheline Originating from Low-Viscosity Alkaline Melts
S S symmetry Article Chiral Proportions of Nepheline Originating from Low-Viscosity Alkaline Melts. A Pilot Study Ewald Hejl 1,* and Friedrich Finger 2,* 1 Fachbereich für Geographie und Geologie der Universität Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34/III, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria 2 Fachbereich für Chemie und Physik der Materialien, Universität Salzburg, Jakob Haringer Straße 2, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.H.); [email protected] (F.F.); Tel.: +43-662-8044-5437 Received: 14 August 2018; Accepted: 11 September 2018; Published: 18 September 2018 Abstract: Chromatographic interaction between infiltrating solutions of racemic mixtures of enantiomers and enantiomorphic minerals with chiral excess has been proposed as a scenario for the emergence of biomolecular homochirality. Enantiomer separation is supposed to be produced by different partition coefficients of both enantiomers with regard to crystal faces or walls of capillary tubes in the enantiomorphic mineral. Besides quartz, nepheline is the only common magmatic mineral with enantiomorphic symmetry. It crystallizes from SiO2-undersaturated melts with low viscosity and is a promising candidate for chiral enrichment by autocatalytic secondary nucleation. Under liquidus conditions, the dynamic viscosity of silicate melts is mainly a function of polymerization. Melts with low concentrations of SiO2 (<55 wt%) and rather high concentrations of Na2O (>7 wt%) are only slightly polymerized and hence are characterized by low viscosities. Such melts can ascend, intrude or extrude by turbulent flow. Fourteen volcanic and subvolcanic samples from alkaline provinces in Africa and Sweden were chemically analyzed. Polished thin sections containing fresh nepheline phenocrysts were etched with 1% hydrofluoric acid at 20 ◦C for 15 to 25 min. -
Nepheline Crystallization in Boron-Rich Alumino-Silicate Glasses As Investigated by Multi-Nuclear NMR, Raman, & Mössbauer Spectroscopies
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 409 (2015) 149–165 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/ locate/ jnoncrysol Nepheline crystallization in boron-rich alumino-silicate glasses as investigated by multi-nuclear NMR, Raman, & Mössbauer spectroscopies John McCloy a,b,⁎, Nancy Washton c,PaulGassmand,JoseMarcialb,JamieWeavere, Ravi Kukkadapu c a School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA b Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA c Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA d Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA e Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA article info abstract Article history: A spectroscopic study was conducted on six simulant nuclear waste glasses using multi-nuclear NMR, Raman, Received 2 June 2014 and Mössbauer spectroscopies exploring the role of Si, Al, B, Na, and Fe in the glass network with the goal of un- Received in revised form 20 October 2014 derstanding melt structure precursors to deleterious nepheline crystal formation. NMR showed two sites each for Accepted 7 November 2014 Al, Si, and Na in the samples which crystallized significant amounts of nepheline, and B speciation changed, typ- Available online xxxx ically resulting in more B(IV) after crystallization. Raman spectroscopy suggested that some of the glass structure is composed of metaborate chains or rings, thus significant numbers of non-bridging oxygen and a separation of Keywords: Nuclear waste glass; the borate from the alumino-silicate network. Mössbauer, combined with Fe redox chemical measurements, 3+ Alumino-boro-silicate; showed Fe playing a minor role in these glasses, mostly as Fe , but iron oxide spinel forms with nepheline in NMR; all cases.