Interactions Between Multiple Forms of Nuptial Feeding in the Wood
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Post-Copulatory Female Choice in Sagebrush Crickets
Johnson et al.: Post-Copulatory Female Choice in Sagebrush Crickets POST-COPULATORY FEMALE CHOICE IN SAGEBRUSH CRICKETS J. CHADWICK JOHNSON+ TRACIE M. IVY ANNE-KATRIN EGGERT+ SCOTT K. SAKALUK ECOLOGY GROUP+ DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY+ NORMAL + ABSTRACT matings for each female. Our results reveal an effect of wing treatment on the time to first mating. Male sagebrush crickets ( Cyphoderris Low protein females mated with winged males strepitans) permit females to engage in an unusual significantly more readily than they did with de form of sexual cannibalism during copulation: winged males. Female diet also had a significant females feed on males' fleshy hind wings and ingest effect on the time to first mounting. Females fed haemolymph oozing from the wounds they inflict. only lettuce (low protein) mounted males sooner These wounds are not fatal, and normally only a than females provisioned with apple and a bee pollen portion of the hind wings are eaten at any one supplement (high protein), indicating that a female's mating, so that mated males are not precluded from overall nutrient intake may determine her propensity mating again. However, non-virgin males have to mate regardless of the mating status of the male fewer resources to offer females than do virgin she is paired with. No effect of diet or wing males, such that females should be selected to treatment was found for time to second mounting or preferentially mate with virgin males. Because mating. previous work has indicated a lack of pre-copulatory female choice, we tested the hypothesis that females accept matings with non-vtrgm males, but INTRODUCTION discriminate against them afterwards by re-mating sooner than they otherwise would after matings with The extent to which females retain the virgin males. -
Water-Seeking Behavior in Worm-Infected Crickets and Reversibility of Parasitic Manipulation
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by HAL Clermont Université Water-seeking behavior in worm-infected crickets and reversibility of parasitic manipulation. Fleur Ponton, Fernando Ot´alora-Luna,Thierry Lef`evre,Patrick M Guerin, Camille Lebarbenchon, David Duneau, David Georges Biron, Fr´ed´ericThomas To cite this version: Fleur Ponton, Fernando Ot´alora-Luna,Thierry Lef`evre,Patrick M Guerin, Camille Lebarben- chon, et al.. Water-seeking behavior in worm-infected crickets and reversibility of parasitic manipulation.. Behavioral Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2011, 22 (2), pp.392-400. <10.1093/beheco/arq215>. <hal-00814753> HAL Id: hal-00814753 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00814753 Submitted on 17 Apr 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Behavioral Ecology doi:10.1093/beheco/arq215 Advance Access publication 8 February 2011 Original Article Water-seeking behavior in worm-infected crickets and reversibility of parasitic manipulation Fleur Ponton,a Fernando Ota´lora-Luna,b Thierry Lefe`vre,a Patrick M. Guerin,b Camille Lebarbenchon,a David Duneau,a David G. Biron,a and Fre´de´ric Thomasa aGEMI/UMR CNRS-IRD 2724, Equipe: ‘‘Evolution des Syste`mes Symbiotiques’’, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, B.P. -
THE QUARTERLY REVIEW of BIOLOGY
VOL. 43, NO. I March, 1968 THE QUARTERLY REVIEW of BIOLOGY LIFE CYCLE ORIGINS, SPECIATION, AND RELATED PHENOMENA IN CRICKETS BY RICHARD D. ALEXANDER Museum of Zoology and Departmentof Zoology The Universityof Michigan,Ann Arbor ABSTRACT Seven general kinds of life cycles are known among crickets; they differ chieff,y in overwintering (diapause) stage and number of generations per season, or diapauses per generation. Some species with broad north-south ranges vary in these respects, spanning wholly or in part certain of the gaps between cycles and suggesting how some of the differences originated. Species with a particular cycle have predictable responses to photoperiod and temperature regimes that affect behavior, development time, wing length, bod)• size, and other characteristics. Some polymorphic tendencies also correlate with habitat permanence, and some are influenced by population density. Genera and subfamilies with several kinds of life cycles usually have proportionately more species in temperate regions than those with but one or two cycles, although numbers of species in all widely distributed groups diminish toward the higher lati tudes. The tendency of various field cricket species to become double-cycled at certain latitudes appears to have resulted in speciation without geographic isolation in at least one case. Intermediate steps in this allochronic speciation process are illustrated by North American and Japanese species; the possibility that this process has also occurred in other kinds of temperate insects is discussed. INTRODUCTION the Gryllidae at least to the Jurassic Period (Zeuner, 1939), and many of the larger sub RICKETS are insects of the Family families and genera have spread across two Gryllidae in the Order Orthoptera, or more continents. -
Top 10 Real-Life Body Snatchers
Top 10 Real-Life Body Snatchers Parasites and zombies are not science fiction; they infest rats, crickets, ants, moths and other creatures, sucking the life out of them By Megan Gambino, Smithsonian.com October 24, 2011 To ensure their own survival, parasites alter the appearance and behavior of their hosts in the creepiest ways. For instance, rats carrying the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which reproduces inside the gut of a cat, no longer fear the smell of cat urine. In fact, they are sexually attracted to the scent, according to a recent study. This way, infected rats walk right into the grips of a feline. Here are ten other parasites whose sophisticated manipulations of animals are more horrifying than fiction. 1. Paragordius tricuspidatus Exactly how a hairworm parasitizes a cricket is unknown. Scientists suspect that the insect ingests either an infected mosquito or water containing hairworm larvae. But once inside, the hairworm grows three to four times as long as the arthropod, filling all parts of its body except the head and legs. What happens next is even more bizarre. The parasite, Paragordius tricuspidatus, produces proteins that hijack the cricket’s central nervous system, making it attracted to areas brighter than its shaded forest home. The cricket, Nemobius sylvestris, heads then to an exposed pond or river and dives in, at which point the hairworm emerges from its host’s rear end. In an aquatic environment, the worm can find a mate and reproduce. For some crickets, it’s a suicide leap. But others lucky enough not to have drowned have lived for several months after the parasite removes itself. -
Multivariate Sexual Selection on Male Song Structure in Wild Populations of Sagebrush Crickets, Cyphoderris Strepitans (Orthoptera: Haglidae) Geoffrey D
Multivariate sexual selection on male song structure in wild populations of sagebrush crickets, Cyphoderris strepitans (Orthoptera: Haglidae) Geoffrey D. Ower1, Kevin A. Judge2, Sandra Steiger1,3, Kyle J. Caron1, Rebecca A. Smith1, John Hunt4 & Scott K. Sakaluk1 1Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Section, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal 61790-4120, Illinois 2Department of Biological Sciences, Grant MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 4S2, Canada 3Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89081, Germany 4Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter in Cornwall, Cornwall, Penryn TR10 9EZ, U.K. Keywords Abstract Communication, fitness surface, mate choice, selection gradient, signal While a number of studies have measured multivariate sexual selection acting on sexual signals in wild populations, few have confirmed these findings with Correspondence experimental manipulation. Sagebrush crickets are ideally suited to such investi- Geoffrey D. Ower, Behavior, Ecology, gations because mating imposes an unambiguous phenotypic marker on males Evolution and Systematics Section, School of arising from nuptial feeding by females. We quantified sexual selection operat- Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, ing on male song by recording songs of virgin and mated males captured from Normal, 61790-4120 Illinois. three wild populations. To determine the extent to which selection on male Tel: 309-319-6136; Fax: 309-438-3722; E-mail: [email protected] song is influenced by female preference, we conducted a companion study in which we synthesized male songs and broadcast them to females in choice Funding Information trials. Multivariate selection analysis revealed a saddle-shaped fitness surface, This research was funded by grants from the the highest peak of which corresponded to longer train and pulse durations, National Science Foundation to S. -
Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Nemobiinae) Discovered in Colluvial, Stony Debris in the Iberian Peninsula: a Biological, Phenological and Biometric Study
Zootaxa 3691 (2): 201–219 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3691.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:860039CB-3547-4088-B4CE-0DD240559ACA A new mute species of the genus Nemobius Serville (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Nemobiinae) discovered in colluvial, stony debris in the Iberian Peninsula: A biological, phenological and biometric study PABLO BARRANCO1,3, JOSÉ D. GILGADO2 & VICENTE M. ORTUÑO2 1Dpto. Biología y Geología. Cite II-B. Universidad de Almería. E-04120 – Almería. Spain 2Dpto. de Ciencias de la Vida. Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química. Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 – Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. Spain 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Sampling of a Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS) of a scree in the Guadarrama mountains (Madrid, Spain) revealed a population of crickets of the genus Nemobius Serville. A detailed morphological study revealed that the cricket was a new species, Nemobius interstitialis sp. nov., which is principally characterized by the absence of a tympanum in the outer margin of the foreleg tibiae and a peculiar design of venation of the forewing of the male. Sampling of this environment over 1 year using surface and MSS pitfall traps, set at a depth of one meter, allowed study of population dynamics. A pop- ulation maximum is attained in August. Abiotic (temperature and humidity) and biotic (accompanying fauna) data are giv- en to contextualize the habitat of this new species. Key words: Nemobius interstitialis sp. nov., biology, Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS), Guadarrama mountains, Ibe- rian Peninsula. -
The Song Relationships of Four Species of Ground Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Nemobius)1
THE SONG RELATIONSHIPS OF FOUR SPECIES OF GROUND CRICKETS (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE: NEMOBIUS)1 RICHARD D. ALEXANDER Department of Zoology and Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 10 INTRODUCTION Several accounts have been written of the mating behavior of different species of ground crickets (Fulton, 1931; Richards, 1952; Gabbutt, 1954), and many excellent descriptions of their songs, based on auditory impressions, have appeared (Fulton, 1930, 1931, 1932; Cantrall, 1943; and many others). A few song analyses have been made with mechanical or electronic devices (Fulton, 1933; Pielemeier, 1946, 1946a; Pierce, 1948). Detailed comparative studies of song relationships in the singing Orthoptera and Cicadidae are almost non-existent, though it is increasingly apparent that satisfactory interpretations of the taxonomic and distri- butional relationships of these species will depend on such studies. The present investigation is based on laboratory and field observations, and on tape recordings of songs analyzed by means of a Vibralyzer. The species dis- cussed include Nemobius carolinus carolinus Scudder, N. confusus Blatchley, and N. melodius Thomas and Alexander, the only eastern representatives of the sub- genus Eunemobius Hebard. A fourth species, N. maculatus Blatchley, belonging in the subgenus Allonemobius Hebard, is also considered here because of certain distributional and song relationships with the above species. The recordings used for song analysis are deposited in the Library of Animal Sounds, Department of Zoology and Entomology, The Ohio State University. They were made with a Magnemite, Model 610-E (in the field) and a Magnecorder, Model PT6A (in the laboratory) at a tape speed of fifteen inches per second. American Microphone Company Microphones, Models D-33 and D-33A, were used, both in the field and in the laboratory. -
The Ticking Cricket 615
The Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 613–625 (2002) 613 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 JEB3702 Ticking of the clockwork cricket: the role of the escapement mechanism H. C. Bennet-Clark1,* and Winston J. Bailey2 1Department of Zoology, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK and 2Department of Zoology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia *e-mail: [email protected] Accepted 10 December 2001 Summary The ‘clockwork cricket’ model for cricket sound frequency components did not correlate with that at the production suggests that the catch-and-release of the file dominant frequency. of one forewing by the plectrum on the opposite wing act Anomalous pulses occurred spontaneously in the songs as an ‘escapement’ to provide the phasic impulses that of several species: multimodal, interrupted or curtailed initiate and sustain the vibration of the resonant regions of pulses are described. In all of these, the anomalous pulse the wings from which the sounds are produced. The action envelope was associated with changes in the amplitude of the escapement produces the familiar ticking sound of and/or instantaneous frequency of the higher-frequency clocks. components of the sound. The higher-frequency components of the songs of twelve A model of the escapement suggests that the frequency species of cricket were analysed after removing the of the residual components of the song depends on the dominant low-frequency components and amplifying the symmetry of action of the plectrum on the teeth of the file. remaining higher-frequency components. In normal song pulses of all species, the higher-frequency components showed a close phase-locking to the waveform of the Key words: cricket, Gryllidae, sound production, escapement, file dominant frequency, but the amplitude of the higher- and plectrum, high-frequency sound, resonator. -
Bollettino Della Società Entomologica Italiana
Poste Italiane S.p.A. ISSN 0373-3491 Spedizione in Abbonamento Postale - 70% DCB Genova BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA Volume 150 Fascicolo I gennaio-aprile 2018 30 aprile 2018 SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA via Brigata Liguria 9 Genova SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA Sede di Genova, via Brigata Liguria, 9 presso il Museo Civico di Storia Naturale n Consiglio Direttivo 2018-2020 Presidente: Francesco Pennacchio Vice Presidente: Roberto Poggi Segretario: Davide Badano Amministratore/Tesoriere: Giulio Gardini Bibliotecario: Antonio Rey Direttore delle Pubblicazioni: Pier Mauro Giachino Consiglieri: Alberto Alma, Alberto Ballerio, Andrea Battisti, Marco A. Bologna, Achille Casale, Marco Dellacasa, Loris Galli, Gianfranco Liberti, Bruno Massa, Massimo Meregalli, Luciana Tavella, Stefano Zoia Revisori dei Conti: Enrico Gallo, Sergio Riese, Giuliano Lo Pinto Revisori dei Conti supplenti: Giovanni Tognon, Marco Terrile n Consulenti Editoriali PAOLO AUDISIO (Roma) - EMILIO BALLETTO (Torino) - MAURIZIO BIONDI (L’Aquila) - MARCO A. BOLOGNA (Roma) PIETRO BRANDMAYR (Cosenza) - ROMANO DALLAI (Siena) - MARCO DELLACASA (Calci, Pisa) - ERNST HEISS (Innsbruck) - MANFRED JÄCH (Wien) - FRANCO MASON (Verona) - LUIGI MASUTTI (Padova) - MASSIMO MEREGALLI (Torino) - ALESSANDRO MINELLI (Padova)- IGNACIO RIBERA (Barcelona) - JOSÉ M. SALGADO COSTAS (Leon) - VALERIO SBORDONI (Roma) - BARBARA KNOFLACH-THALER (Innsbruck) - STEFANO TURILLAZZI (Firenze) - ALBERTO ZILLI (Londra) - PETER ZWICK (Schlitz). ISSN 0373-3491 BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA Fondata nel 1869 - Eretta a Ente Morale con R. Decreto 28 Maggio 1936 Volume 150 Fascicolo I gennaio-aprile 2018 30 aprile 2018 REGISTRATO PRESSO IL TRIBUNALE DI GENOVA AL N. 76 (4 LUGLIO 1949) Prof. Achille Casale - Direttore Responsabile Spedizione in Abbonamento Postale 70% - Quadrimestrale Pubblicazione a cura di PAGEPress - Via A. Cavagna Sangiuliani 5, 27100 Pavia Stampa: Press Up srl, via La Spezia 118/C, 00055 Ladispoli (RM), Italy S OCIETÀ E NTOMOLOGICA I TA L I A NA via Brigata Liguria 9 Genova BOLL. -
Maritime Cliffs and Slopes Habitat Action Plan (Revised)
Maritime Cliffs and Slopes Habitat Action Plan (Revised) Isle of Wight Biodiversity Action Plan Maritime Cliffs and Slopes Habitat Action Plan Second Review December 2007 1 Introduction Maritime cliffs and slopes have been identified as a priority habitat in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. They comprise sloping to vertical surfaces on the coastline where a break of slope is formed by slippage and/or coastal erosion. There appears to be no generally accepted definition of the minimum height or angle of slope which constitutes a cliff, but the zone defined as cliff top should extend landward to at least the limit of maritime influence (i.e. limit of salt spray deposition). On the seaward side, the plan extends to the limit of the supralittoral zone and so includes the splash zone lichens and other species of this habitat. They can broadly be classified as hard cliffs or soft cliffs, though there are intermediate types. Hard cliffs are vertical or steeply sloping, with crevices or ledges where plants can establish themselves and birds can find nest sites. They are formed of rocks which are relatively resistant to weathering, such as chalk. Soft cliffs are formed in less resistant rocks such as shales or in unconsolidated materials such as boulder clay. They are characterised by less steep slopes that gradually become vegetated. They are subject to frequent slumping and landslips, particularly where water percolates into the rock and reduces its effective shear strength. Most cliffs form at the junction of land and sea, where groundwater-driven land slippage and/or erosion by the sea have created a break in slope, but on the Isle of Wight there is also an extensive landslip zone between St Catherine’s Point and Bonchurch which has an inner cliff 500m inland rising to 140m above sea level. -
The Roles of Ecological and Phylogenetic Conditions in The
MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Shawn M. Wilder Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy ______________________________________ Director (Ann L. Rypstra) ______________________________________ Reader (Nancy G. Solomon) ______________________________________ (Brian Keane) ______________________________________ (Kathleen A. Killian) ______________________________________ Graduate School Representative (Robert L. Schaefer) ABSTRACT THE ROLE OF ECOLOGICAL AND PHYLOGENETIC CONDITIONS IN THE OCCURRENCE AND FREQUENCY OF SEXUAL CANNIBALISM IN SPIDERS Shawn M. Wilder Sexual cannibalism, the consumption of a male by a female in the context of mating, is a dramatic form of sexual conflict that occurs in spiders and praying mantids. Among spiders, the frequency of sexual cannibalism is quite variable. However, no general hypotheses have emerged to explain variation in the frequency of sexual cannibalism among taxa. The goal of this dissertation was to explore ecological and phylogenetic factors that may be responsible for variation in the frequency of sexual cannibalism within and among species of spiders. I first review the literature to create a framework to describe how ecological (i.e. food and mate availability) and phylogenetic (i.e. genetic correlations, feeding mode, mating behavior and sexual size dimorphism) influence the frequency of sexual cannibalism. I then conducted three studies to test aspects of the framework that are poorly understood. I first tested how food quality affects female aggression towards males in the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina. Females fed nutrient-supplemented prey items were more likely to attack males and engage in sexual cannibalism, which is contrary to the predictions. I also tested the role of mate availability (e.g. -
Habitat Requirements for the Conservation of Wood Cricket (Nemobius Sylvestris) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) on the Isle of Wight, UK
http://tweaket.com/CPGenerator/?id=4438 MURDOCH RESEARCH REPOSITORY http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au This is the author's final version of the work, as accepted for publication following peer review but without the publisher's layout or pagination. Brouwers, N.C. and Newton, A.C. (2009) Habitat requirements for the conservation of wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) on the Isle of Wight, UK. Journal of Insect Conservation, 13 (5). pp. 529-541. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/4438 Copyright © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. It is posted here for your personal use. No further distribution is permitted. 1 of 1 2/06/2011 4:34 PM Full reference: Brouwers, N.C., Newton, A.C., 2009a. Habitat requirements for the conservation of wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) on the Isle of Wight, UK. Journal of Insect Conservation 13, 529-541. Title: Habitat requirements for the conservation of wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) on the Isle of Wight, UK Niels C. Brouwers • Adrian C. Newton N. C. Brouwers (Corresponding author) • A. C. Newton School of Conservation Sciences Bournemouth University Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK E-mail: [email protected] Phone: ++44 1202 965498 / Fax: ++44 1202 965255 Date of the manuscript draft: November 21, 2008 1 1 Abstract In the UK, wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) is a ‘Species of Conservation Concern’, being restricted to only three areas in southern England. Little information is available on the specific habitat requirements of this species. In 2006, a field investigation within three woodlands on the Isle of Wight was undertaken to identify its habitat preferences.