DOCSLIB.ORG

Conditions for Early Cretaceous Emerald Formation at Dyakou, China: Fluid Inclusion, Ar-Ar, and Stable Isotope Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conditions for Early Cretaceous Emerald Formation at Dyakou, China: Fluid Inclusion, Ar-Ar, and Stable Isotope Studies ©2010 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc. Economic Geology, v. 105, pp. 339–349 Conditions for Early Cretaceous Emerald Formation at Dyakou, China: Fluid Inclusion, Ar-Ar, and Stable Isotope Studies G. XUE,1 D. MARSHALL,1,† S. ZHANG,2 T. D. ULLRICH,3 T. BISHOP,1 L. A. GROAT,3 D. J. THORKELSON,1 G. GIULIANI,4 AND A. E. FALLICK5 1Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada 2Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Technology University of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China 3Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada 4Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques-CNRS, BP 20, 54501 Vandeouvre-Cedex, France 5Isotope Geoscience Unit, SURRC, East Kilbride Glasgow, G75 OQF, Scotland Abstract The Dyakou emerald occurrence is located in Malipo County in the province of Yunnan, southern China. The occurrence lies in the northern part of the Laojunshan-Song Chay metamorphic core complex, which is exposed in an area of approximately 2,000 km2 and extends across the border between China and Vietnam. Emerald mineralization is hosted by pegmatite and associated quartz veins that intrude deformed Proterozoic biotite-muscovite granofels and schist. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope results from the emerald channel waters and emerald, respectively, are consistent with an igneous fluid source. The δ18O fractionation between emer- ald and quartz yields vein temperatures of 365° to 420°C. Fluid inclusions indicate that the emerald precipi- tated from saline brines ranging from almost pure water to 10.5 mass percent NaCl equiv. Fluid inclusion iso- chores intersected with δ18O data yield pressures changing along the geothermal gradient from 1,500 to 3,300 bars. Ar-Ar geochronology of biotite and muscovite from the emerald veins yields consistent ages of 124 ± 1 Ma. These constraints combined with field observations indicate that the Dyakou emerald deposit is consistent with the igneous-related model for emerald formation. Introduction the emerald mineralization are published in Zhang et al. BERYL and its green, chromium-vanadium−rich variety, emer- (1998, 1999), Feng et al. (2000), and Lu et al. (2001). ald, typically contain abundant fluid inclusions. Pioneering The relative rarity of emerald worldwide can partially be work by Roedder (1963, 1972, 1982) on fluid inclusions in explained by low Be concentrations in Earth’s crust and gen- emerald led to a better understanding of pressures, tempera- erally higher concentrations in pegmatite, clays, black shale, tures, and fluid conditions responsible for emerald precipita- and their metamorphic equivalents such as gneiss and mica tion. Ed Roedder’s studies indicated a diverse range of fluid schist. Be is the least abundant of the first 40 elements on the compositions and modes of origin, most notably the hyper- periodic table with an average crustal concentration of less saline fluids associated with some emeralds and a diverse than 5 ppm (Wedepohl, 1978). In contrast, Cr (±V) is most range of daughter and accidental crystals, all of which could commonly enriched in mafic and ultramafic rocks in geologic be used to differentiate between natural and synthetic gems. environments incongruous with Be. Therefore, unusual geo- In this paper, we examine fluid inclusions from the Dyakou logic and geochemical conditions are required to bring Be emerald occurrence in Malipo County, southeastern Yunnan, and Cr together to form emerald (Schwarz et al., 2002). Two China. Our work builds on preliminary fluid inclusion studies general models for emerald precipitation proposed by by Zhang et al. (1999) and Moroz et al. (2004) on samples Schwarz and Giuliani (2001) are widely accepted: a granite- related model and a tectonic-hydrothermal model. In the first from Dyakou, which indicated brine and rare brine-CO2 fluid inclusion assemblages similar to those in fluid inclusions from model, granitic to pegmatitic rocks intrude Cr (±V)-rich host other emerald occurrences documented by Roedder (1963, rocks, introducing Be and heat into the mineralization sys- 1972, 1982). tem. In the second model, emerald formation results from a In 1992, prospectors discovered gem-quality emerald Be-rich fluid flowing through major crustal faults and shear crystals near Dyakou village while exploring for tungsten zones and interacting with Cr (±V)-rich metamorphic rocks at (Fig. 1). It is the only significant emerald discovery in China. upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies. This study Previous geologic work in the vicinity of the Dyakou show- characterizes the Dyakou emerald occurrence as a granite-re- ing included geologic mapping at 1:10,000 scale by Wang et lated emerald deposit, using fluid inclusion, stable and radi- al. (1996) and at 1:50,000 scale by Feng et al. (1998). In ogenic isotope studies. 1996, emerald produced from the area was officially named Regional Geology the “Chinese emerald” by the Yunnan Geological Survey. Summaries of data from the mapping projects pertaining to The Dyakou emerald showing occurs in the northern part of the Laojunshan-Song Chay metamorphic core complex (Fig. 1). The exposure of the Laojunshan-Song Chay is more † Corresponding author: e-mail, [email protected] than 2,000 km2 and extends across the China-Vietnam border, Submitted:October17, 2008 0361-0128/10/3877/339-11 339 Accepted: October17, 2009 340 XUE ET AL. SG NC 30 N ASRR Yangtze Craton South China FoldCathaysian Belt Block 20 N SM Indo-China Block KB 10 N 100 E 110 E 120 E Triassic sedimentary rocks Permian sedimentary rocks Carboniferous rocks Devonian argillite and carbonate Cambrian pelite with minor carbonate Pt3 upper Proterozoic Mengdong succession Pt1 lower Proterozoic rocks K2 mid Cretaceous porphyritic granite S3 later Silurian gneissic granite Ductile detachment fault Strike-slip fault Thrust fault Fault China-Vietnam border Study area 0 5 10 15 20 Kilometers FIG. 1. Regional geologic map, showing the major lithologic units in the study area. The index map (inset upper left) shows the location of the study area. The tectonic map (inset upper right) shows the study area (rectangle) relative to the larger scale tectonic setting (after Feng et al., 2000; Roger et al., 2000). Abbreviations: ASRR = Ailao Shan-Red River fault, KB = Korat basin, L-S MCC = Laojunshan-Shay Metamorphic Core Complex, NC = North China-Korea block, SG = Song pan Garze, SM = Song Ma suture. 0361-0128/98/000/000-00 $6.00 340 EMERALD FORMATION AT DYAKOU, CHINA: FLUID INCLUSION, Ar-Ar, AND STABLE ISOTOPE STUDIES 341 and is the largest core complex in the southeastern South pressure of approximately 5 kbars, using the relationship be- China block (Li et al., 1996; Zhang et al., 1998; Roger et al., tween Alvi and Si in hornblende (Raase, 1974). 2000; Maluski et al., 2001; Liu et al., 2003, 2006). The Dyakou emerald occurence is northeast of the northwest- Local Geology southeast−trending Ailaoshan-Red River shear zone that sep- In the vicinity of the Dyakou emerald occurrence, the Pro- arates the South China and Cathaysia blocks from the In- terozoic Mengdong succession consists mostly of structurally dochina block. Major left-lateral ductile shearing occurred layered metamorphic rocks (Fig. 2). The basal unit within this along this zone during the Oligo-Miocene as Indochina was succession is the Nanyantian schist (Pt3n), which generally transported several hundreds of kilometers toward the south- comprises biotite + muscovite schist and biotite + muscovite east (Tapponnier et al., 1986, 1990; Yang and Besse, 1993; quartz schist in sheared contact with Late Silurian gneissic Leloup et al., 1995; Roger et al., 2000). The emerald occur- granite. According to Wang et al. (1996), the overlying rocks rence is bounded in the northeast by the Wenshan-Malipo to the foliated Nanyantian unit is the Saxi unit (Pt3s) consist- strike-slip faults that were active beginning in the Early ing of biotite granofels with several lenses of plagioclase am- Devonian. phibolite (Pt3s-1), striped biotite granofels and plagioclase The Laojunshan-Song Chay metamorphic core complex gneiss with minor biotite-muscovite schist (Pt3s-2), and epi- consists of a weakly metamorphosed cover that is structurally dosite, quartzite, and tremolite plagioclase granofels (Pt3s-3). detached from a more highly metamorphosed core (Zhang et The granofels with granoblastic texture in the Saxi unit is the al., 1998; Roger et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2006; Yan et al., 2006). only host rock for emerald mineralization in the Dyakou oc- The cover consists of Cambrian and Devonian slate, phyllite, currence. The Saxi unit consists of quartz (30−60%), ortho- mica schist, and marble with metamorphic grades ranging clase (15%), plagioclase (25−60%), biotite (10%), and minor from lower greenschist grade at the core to lower grades in tourmaline, sphene, apatite, and pyrite. more distal locations. These metasedimentary rocks were de- The Late Silurian gneissic biotite + plagioclase + orthoclase rived from mud rock and carbonate. The core is dominantly granite (S-type) is the dominant igneous rock in the area. Zir- composed of migmatite, granite, and laminated and augen con from the gneissic granite has been dated at 411 Ma using gneiss derived from the metamorphism and deformation of U-Pb (Feng et al., 1998). Nearly 1 km south of the emerald Caledonian to Cathaysian (ca. 400−140 Ma) granites. Rem- showing, the gneissic granite is intruded by an apophysis of nant patches of the Precambrian Mengdong succession are Late Cretaceous porphyritic (S-type) granite, which is dated situated locally within the core. The nucleus has been in- by Ar-Ar at 76 Ma (Feng et al., 2000). truded by Cretaceous porphyritic granites in the northwest- Emerald at the Dyakou showing is found mainly in north- ern part of the complex. Cover and core are separated by ex- west-southeast quartz veins (Fig. 3) paralleling the foliation tensional shear zones with both ductile and brittle character.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fluid Inclusion Evidence for Impact‐Related Hydrothermal Fluid And
    Fluid inclusion evidence for impact-related hydrothermal fluid and hydrocarbon migration in Creataceous sediments of the ICDP-Chicxulub drill core Yax-1 Item Type Article; text Authors Lüders, V.; Rickers, K. Citation Lüders, V., & Rickers, K. (2004). Fluid inclusion evidence for impactrelated hydrothermal fluid and hydrocarbon migration in Creataceous sediments of the ICDPChicxulub drill core Yax1. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 39(7), 1187-1197. DOI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb01136.x Publisher The Meteoritical Society Journal Meteoritics & Planetary Science Rights Copyright © The Meteoritical Society Download date 06/10/2021 06:52:32 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/656684 Meteoritics & Planetary Science 39, Nr 7, 1187–1197 (2004) Abstract available online at http://meteoritics.org Fluid inclusion evidence for impact-related hydrothermal fluid and hydrocarbon migration in Creataceous sediments of the ICDP-Chicxulub drill core Yax-1 Volker LÜDERS1* and Karen RICKERS1, 2 1GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Department 4, Telegrafenberg, D-14473, Potsdam, Germany 2Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] (Received 3 September 2003; revision accepted 31 March 2004) Abstract–Fluid inclusions studies in quartz and calcite in samples from the ICDP-Chicxulub drill core Yaxcopoil-1 (Yax-1) have revealed compelling evidence for impact-induced hydrothermal alteration. Fluid circulation through the melt breccia and the underlying sedimentary rocks was not homogeneous in time and space. The formation of euhedral quartz crystals in vugs hosted by Cretaceous limestones is related to the migration of hot (>200 °C), highly saline, metal-rich, hydrocarbon-bearing brines.
    [Show full text]
  • Stable Isotopes and Hydrothermal Fluid Source in the Yaxcopoil-1 Borehole, Chicxulub Impact Structure, Mexico
    Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV (2004) 1261.pdf STABLE ISOTOPES AND HYDROTHERMAL FLUID SOURCE IN THE YAXCOPOIL-1 BOREHOLE, CHICXULUB IMPACT STRUCTURE, MEXICO. L. Zurcher1, D. A. Kring1, D. Dettman2, and M. Rollog2, 1Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., 2Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E. Fourth St., Tucson, Arizona 85721. Introduction: We present new results of a for black glass at the K/T boundary in Haiti (~6‰; detailed C, O, and H stable isotope survey on [7]). A similar but less extensive δ18O shift occurs carbonate and silicate fractions of samples in siliceous samples from the Yucatan-6 (Y-6) collected from the hydrothermally altered borehole (~10-13‰; [1]). δD values from this impactite units at Yaxcopoil-1 (Yax-1). Previous study exhibit a narrow range between -34 and stable isotope studies on Chicxulub crater -54‰, and closely mirror δ18O values. impactites include [1-4]. In this investigation, we Carbonate fraction δ18O values vary between treat stable isotopes in concert with mineralogical 22 and 30‰, and most δ13C values exhibit a and geochemical data. Combined results allowed narrow range between -1 and +2‰. δ18O values are us to place constraints on the physico-chemical heavier than silicate fractions, and some are even parameters of the hydrothermal fluid, which we heavier than local limestone. δ18O and δ13C values used to deduce its most likely source. of carbonate fractions are on average higher in the Hydrothermal Alteration at Yaxcopoil-1: upper part of the impactite section. Yax-1 Petrographic and electron microprobe results carbonate δ18O and δ13C values are also heavier conducted previously [5] suggested a slightly than values of carbonate-dominated samples from alkaline andesitic composition for the impactite Y-6 (11 to 20‰ and -1 to -5‰, respectively; [1]).
    [Show full text]
  • Fluid-Inclusion Petrology Data from Porphyry Copper Deposits and Applications to Exploration COVER PHOTOGRAPHS 1
    - . Fluid-Inclusion Petrology Data from PorpHyry Copper Deposits and Applications to Exploration COVER PHOTOGRAPHS 1. Asbestos ore 8. Aluminum ore, bauxite, Georgia I 2 3 4 2. Lead ore, Balmat mine, N.Y. 9. Native copper ore, Keweenawan 5 6 3. Chromite, chromium ore, Washington Peninsula, Mich. 4. Zinc ore, Friedensville, Pa. 10. Porphyry molybdenum ore, Colorado 7 8 5. Banded iron-formation, Palmer, 11. Zinc ore, Edwards, N.Y. Mich. 12. Manganese nodules, ocean floor 9 10 6. Ribbon asbestos ore, Quebec, Canada 13. Botryoidal fluorite ore, 7. Manganese ore, banded Poncha Springs, Colo. II 12 13 14 rhodochrosite 14. Tungsten ore, North Carolina Fluid-Inclusion Petrology­ Data from Porphyry Copper Deposits and Applications to Exploration By]. THOMAS NASH GEOLOGY AND RESOURCES OF COPPER DEPOSITS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 907-D A summary of new and published descriptions offluid inclusions from 3 6 porphyry copper deposits and discussion of possible applica'tions to exploration for copper deposits UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Nash, John Thomas, 1941- Fluid-inclusion petrology-data from porphyry copper deposits and applications to exploration. (Geology and Resources of Copper Deposits) (Geological Survey Professional Paper 907-D) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.16:907-D 1. Porphyry-Inclusions. 2. Porphyry-Southwestern States. 3. Copper ores-Southwestern States. I. Title. II. Series. III. Series: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 907-D. QE462.P6N37 549'.23 76-608145 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Anomalously High Cretaceous Paleobrine Temperatures: Hothouse, Hydrothermal Or Solar Heating?
    minerals Article Anomalously High Cretaceous Paleobrine Temperatures: Hothouse, Hydrothermal or Solar Heating? Jiuyi Wang 1,2 ID and Tim K. Lowenstein 2,* 1 MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-607-777-4254 Received: 1 November 2017; Accepted: 9 December 2017; Published: 13 December 2017 Abstract: Elevated surface paleobrine temperatures (average 85.6 ◦C) are reported here from Cretaceous marine halites in the Maha Sarakham Formation, Khorat Plateau, Thailand. Fluid inclusions in primary subaqueous “chevron” and “cumulate” halites associated with potash salts contain daughter crystals of sylvite (KCl) and carnallite (MgCl2·KCl·6H2O). Petrographic textures demonstrate that these fluid inclusions were trapped from the warm brines in which the halite crystallized. Later cooling produced supersaturated conditions leading to the precipitation of sylvite and carnallite daughter crystals within fluid inclusions. Dissolution temperatures of daughter crystals in fluid inclusions from the same halite bed vary over a large range (57.9 ◦C to 117.2 ◦C), suggesting that halite grew at different temperatures within and at the bottom of the water column. Consistency of daughter crystal dissolution temperatures within fluid inclusion bands and the absence of vapor bubbles at room temperature demonstrate that fluid inclusions have not stretched or leaked. Daughter crystal dissolution temperatures are reproducible to within 0.1 ◦C to 10.2 ◦C (average of 1.8 ◦C), and thus faithfully document paleobrine conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Expedition 364 Summary1 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 2 Background S
    Morgan, J., Gulick, S., Mellett, C.L., Green, S.L., and the Expedition 364 Scientists Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program Volume 364 publications.iodp.org https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.364.101.2017 Contents Expedition 364 summary1 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 2 Background S. Gulick, J. Morgan, C.L. Mellett, S.L. Green, T. Bralower, E. Chenot, 7 Scientific objectives G. Christeson, P. Claeys, C. Cockell, M. Coolen, L. Ferrière, C. Gebhardt, K. Goto, 11 Operational strategy H. Jones, D. Kring, J. Lofi, C. Lowery, R. Ocampo-Torres, L. Perez-Cruz, 12 Principal results A.E. Pickersgill, M. Poelchau, A. Rae, C. Rasmussen, M. Rebolledo-Vieyra, 20 Preliminary scientific assessment U. Riller, H. Sato, J. Smit, S. Tikoo, N. Tomioka, J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi, M. Whalen, 20 References A. Wittmann, K. Yamaguchi, L. Xiao, and W. Zylberman2 Keywords: International Ocean Discovery Program, IODP, International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, ICDP, L/B Myrtle, Mission Specific Platform, Expedition 364, Site M0077, Hole M0077A, Gulf of México, Yucatán shelf, Chicxulub, impact crater, crater modification, multi-ring basin, peak ring, uplifted continental crust, impact melt rock, planar deformation features, Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary, PETM, K-Pg boundary, Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction, shock metamorphism, carbon isotope excursions, hydrothermal, geomagnetic reversal, shatter cone, ejecta, suevite, granitoid, pelagic limestone, tsunamite Abstract Maximum (PETM); the composition and character of suevite, im- pact melt rock, and basement rocks in the peak ring; the sedimen- The Chicxulub impact crater, on the Yucatán Peninsula of Méx- tology and stratigraphy of the Paleocene–Eocene Chicxulub impact ico, is unique. It is the only known terrestrial impact structure that basin infill; the geo- and thermochronology of the rocks forming the has been directly linked to a mass extinction event and the only ter- peak ring; and any observations from the core that may help con- restrial impact with a global ejecta layer.
    [Show full text]
  • Squeezing Blood from a Stone: Inferences Into the Life and Depositional Environments of the Early Archaean
    Squeezing Blood From A Stone: Inferences Into The Life and Depositional Environments Of The Early Archaean Jelte Harnmeijer A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington MMX Programs Authorized to Offer Degree: Center for Astrobiology & Early Earth Evolution and Department of Earth & Space Sciences Abstract A limited, fragmentary and altered sedimentary rock record has allowed few constraints to be placed on a possible Early Archaean biosphere, likewise on attendant environmental conditions. This study reports discoveries from three Early Archaean terrains that, taken together, suggest that a diverse biosphere was already well- established by at least ~3.5 Ga, with autotrophic carbon fixation posing the most likely explanation for slightly older 3.7 - 3.8 Ga graphite. Chapter 2 aims to give a brief overview of Early Archaean geology, with special reference to the Pilbara’s Pilgangoora Belt, and biogeochemical cycling, with special reference to banded-iron formation. Chapter 3 reports on the modelled behaviour of abiotic carbon in geological systems, where it is concluded that fractionations incurred through autotrophic biosynthesis are generally out of the reach of equilibrium processes in the crust. In Chapter 4, geological and geochemical arguments are used to identify a mixed provenance for a recently discovered 3.7 - 3.8 Ga graphite-bearing meta-turbidite succession from the Isua Supracrustal Belt in southwest Greenland. In Chapter 5 and 6, similar tools are used to examine a newly discovered 3.52 Ga kerogenous and variably dolomitized magnetite-calcite meta- sediment from the Coonterunah Subgroup at the base of the Pilbara Supergroup in northwest Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Catastrophes in Earth History
    GLOBAL CATASTROPHES IN EARTH HISTORY An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality Snowbird, Utah October 20-23, 1988 N89-2 12E7 --?HEW- Sponsored by The Lunar and Planetary Institute and The National Academy of Sciences Abstracts Presented to the Topical Conference Global Catastrophes in Earth History: An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality Snowbird, Utah October 20 - 23,1988 Sponsored by Lunar and Planetary Institute and The National Academy of Sciences LPI Contribution No. 673 Compiled in 1988 Lunar and Planetary Institute Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, educational, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. PREFACE This volume contains abstracts that have been accepted for presentation at the topical conference Global Catastrophes in Earth History: An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism and Mass Mortality. The Organizing Committee consisted of Robert Ginsburg, Chairman, University of Miami; Kevin Burke, Lunar and Planetary Institute; Lee M. Hunt, National Research Council; Digby McLaren, University of Ottawa; Thomas Simkin, National Museum of Natural History; Starley L. Thompson, National Center for Atmospheric Research; Karl K. Turekian, Yale University; George W. Wetherill, Carnegie Institution of Washington. Logistics and administrative support were provided by the Projects Ofice at the Lunar and Planetary Institute. This abstract volume was prepared by the Publications Office staff at the Lunar and Planetary Institute. The Lunar and Planetary Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under contract No. NASW-4066 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochemistry, Geochronology, and Fluid Inclusion Study of the Late Cretaceous Newton Epithermal Gold Deposit, British Columbia
    Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Geochemistry, geochronology, and fluid inclusion study of the Late Cretaceous Newton epithermal gold deposit, British Columbia Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2015-0068.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 05-Oct-2015 Complete List of Authors: Liu, Lijuan; University of Alberta, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Richards, JeremyDraft P.; Dept of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences DuFrane, S. Andrew; University of Alberta, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Rebagliati, Mark; Hunter Dickinson Inc., Keyword: Newton, Intermediate sulfidation, Epithermal gold deposit, British Columbia https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Page 1 of 80 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1 Geochemistry, geochronology, and fluid inclusion study of the Late Cretaceous 2 Newton epithermal gold deposit, British Columbia 3 Lijuan Liu, Jeremy P. Richards, S. Andrew DuFrane, Mark Rebagliati 4 5 Lijuan Liu (e-mail: [email protected] ), Jeremy P. Richards* (e-mail: 6 [email protected] ), and S. Andrew DuFrane (e-mail: [email protected] ) 7 Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, 8 T6G 2E3, Canada 9 Mark Rebagliati ([email protected] ) 10 Hunter Dickinson Inc., Vancouver, BC, V6E 4H1, Canada 11 12 * Corresponding author: Jeremy P.Draft Richards, Dept. Earth and Atmospheric Sciences 13 Earth Sciences Building, Rm. 3-02, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, 14 Canada, T6G 2E3 15 Tel: 780-492-3430 16 Fax: 780-492-2030 17 E-mail: [email protected] 18 19 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs 1 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 80 20 Abstract 21 Newton is an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit related to Late 22 Cretaceous continental arc magmatism in south-central British Columbia.
    [Show full text]
  • International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 364 Scientific
    International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 364 Scientific Prospectus Chicxulub: drilling the K-Pg impact crater In collaboration with the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program Sean Gulick Joanna Morgan Co-Chief Scientist Co-Chief Scientist Institute for Geophysics Department of Earth Science and J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196 Engineering 10100 Burnet Road (R2200) Imperial College London Austin TX 78758-4445 South Kensington Campus USA London SW7 2AZ [email protected] United Kingdom [email protected] Claire L. Mellett Jaime Urrutia Fucugauchi ESO Expedition Project Manager Mexican Scientific Coordinator British Geological Survey Institute of Geophysics Murchison House UNAM Board of Governors West Mains Road National University of Mexico Edinburgh EH9 3LA Coyoacan 04510 Mexico City United Kingdom Mexico [email protected] [email protected] Publisher’s notes This publication was prepared by the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) Science Operator (ESO) and Texas A&M University as an account of work performed under the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). Funding for the program is provided by the fol- lowing implementing organizations and international partners: National Science Foundation (NSF), United States Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), People’s Republic of China Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Australian-New Zealand IODP Consortium (ANZIC) Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), India Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil (CAPES) Portions of this work may have been published in whole or in part in other International Ocean Discovery Program documents or publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Approaches to Dating and Duration of Fluid Flow and Fluid-Rock Interaction
    Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 27, 2021 Introduction: Approaches to dating and duration of fluid flow and fluid-rock interaction JOHN PARNELL School of Geosciences, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 INN, UK A wide diversity of techniques is now available to homogenization temperatures can be extrapo- help constrain the timing and duration of fluid lated to the time of fluid emplacement. The flow events and fluid-rock interactions in sedi- more complex basin modelling can be used to mentary basins. Dating methods in rocks tradi- predict the timing of expulsion and migration tionally focus on the use of minerals that of fluids from compacting rock units. Basin mod- contain radiogenic isotopes (U-Pb, Pb-Pb, elling is beyond the intended scope of this K-Ar, Rb-Sr in particular). I do not intend to volume, and readers are referred to Illiffe & Dup- dwell on this approach as it is covered adequately penbeker (1998) for further details. elsewhere (e.g. Faure 1986), but it is worthwhile emphasizing that certain phases that are com- monly precipitated during diagenesis in sedimen- tary basins are suitable for such techniques (see Isotopic dating of authigenic phases in below). The range of techniques summarized sedimentary basins below were mostly presented in a Queen's Uni- versity Geofluids Group International Seminar A good review of progress in isotopic dating on Dating of Fluid Flow, incorporated within techniques applied to the dating of fluid flow the Geofluids II conference held at Belfast in events is given by Halliday et al. (1991).
    [Show full text]
  • Fluid Inclusions in Quartz
    Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, Volume 61, December 2015, pp. 59 – 73 Fluid inclusions in quartz: Implications for hydrocarbon charge, migration and reservoir diagenetic history of the Penyu Basin and Tenggol Arch, offshore Peninsular Malaysia DONNY MAGA1, JOHN JONG2,*, MAZLAN MADON1 & FRANZ L. KESSLER3 1PETRONAS Malaysia Petroleum Exploration, Level 16, Tower 1, PETRONAS Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur City Centre, 50088 Kuala Lumpur 2JX Nippon Oil and Gas Exploration (Deepwater Sabah) Limited Level 51, Menara 3 PETRONAS, Kuala Lumpur City Centre, 50088 Kuala Lumpur 3Independent Geoscience, Oil and Gas Consultant *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: A review of clastic sandstone reservoirs in the Penyu Basin and Tenggol Arch area, adjacent to the south-western flank of the Malay Basin revealed that most deep reservoirs are affected by diagenetic alteration of reservoir mineral components. Furthermore, fluid inclusions in quartz are seen at distinct stratigraphic reservoir levels. These inclusions occur in Oligocene reservoirs in Groups L and M and in Miocene reservoirs of Groups K and H. However, to-date no oil inclusions have been found in Groups I and J. There appear to be two distinct populations of fluid inclusions in the so-called ‘oil quartzes’: (i) oil inclusions in allochthonous, detrital quartz grains. These inclusions are thought to be of the primary type, formed when oil was incorporated in growing quartz crystals, and oil is seen encapsulated in ‘loose’ quartz grains. There is no evidence of destructive diagenesis or cementation in these relatively shallow (Miocene) host reservoirs, and oil migration is not confirmed by other indicators such as bitumen, which is often found in deeper carrier beds together with oil quartzes.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Mineral Deposits in Impact Structures: a Review
    Economic Mineral Deposits in Impact Structures: A Review Wolf Uwe Reimold1, Christian Koeberl2, Roger L. Gibson1, and Burkhard O. Dressler1,3 1Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, P.O. Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa ([email protected]; [email protected]) 2Department of Geological Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria ([email protected]) 3185 Romfield Circuit, Thornhill, Ontario, Canada, L3T 3H7 ([email protected]) Abstract. Many large meteorite impact structures throughout the world host mineral resources that are either currently mined or have the potential to become important economic resources in the future. The giant Vredefort-Witwatersrand and Sudbury impact structures underline this statement, because of their enormous resources in gold and uranium, and nickel, copper, and PGEs, respectively. In relation to impact, three basic types of ore deposits in impact structure settings have been distinguished: (1) progenetic (i.e., pre-impact) deposits that already existed in the target regions prior to an impact event, but may have become accessible as a direct result of the impact; (2) syngenetic (syn-impact) deposits that owe their existence directly to the impact process, and (3) epigenetic (immediately post-impact) deposits that result from impact-induced thermal/hydrothermal activity. In addition to metalliferous ore deposits related to impact structures, impact structure-hosted epigenetic hydrocarbon deposits are reviewed and are shown to make a major contribution to the North American economies. Non-metallic resources, such as minerals derived from crater-lake deposits, dimension stone, and hydrological benefits, may also be derived from impact structures, and the educational and recreational value of many meteorite impact craters can be substantial.
    [Show full text]