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Systematics of Fluid Inclusions in Diagenetic Minerals

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Systematics of Fluid Inclusions in Diagenetic Minerals SEPM Short Course No. 31 SystematicsSystematics ofof FluidFluid InclusionsInclusions inin DiageneticDiagenetic MineralsMinerals Edited by: Robert Goldstein, James Reynolds ISBN 1-56575-098-0, CD catalog 61031 Originally published in CD as SEPM Short Course No. 31, ISBN 1-56576-098-0, catalog 60031 Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A., 1994 www.sepm.org Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3791478/9781565760981_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 SYSTEMATICS OF FLUID INCLUSIONS IN DIAGENETIC MINERALS SEPM SHORT COURSE 31 ROBERT H. GOLDSTEIN T. JAMES REYNOLDS SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Sedimentary Geology) Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3791478/9781565760981_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 SYSTEMATICS OF FLUID INCLUSIONS IN DIAGENETIC MINERALS SEPM SHORT COURSE 31 Robert H. Goldstein T. James Reynolds THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS FLUID INC. Department of Geology P.O. BOX 6873 120 Lindley Hall Denver, CO 80206 Lawrence, KS 66045 USA USA SEPM] SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) \Sedimentary Cm’logyl Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3791478/9781565760981_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 ISBN #1-56576-008-5 Additional copies of this publication may be ordered from SEPM. Send your order to SEPM Post Office Box 4756 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74 159-0756 U.S.A. 0 Copyright 1994 by SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Printed in the United States of America .. 11 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3791478/9781565760981_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 CONTENTS PREFACE ................................................................................................................................... xi .. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................................................................................ x11 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO FLUID INCLUSIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 Temperature of mineral precipitation ..................................................................... 1 Pressure of mineral precipitation ............................................................................ 1 Composition and origin of fluids of mineral precipitation ........................................ 1 Later history of temperature, pressure. and fluid composition .................................. 1 Improve understanding of diagenetic systems .......................................................... 2 Improve understanding of subsurface fluid evolution ................................................ 2 Improve understanding of porosity evolution ........................................................... 2 Improve interpretation of petroleum migration history ........................................... 2 Improve reconstructions of thermal history ............................................................. 2 Improve reconstructions of tectonic or stratigraphic history ..................................... 2 HISTORICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................................ 2 Chapter 2 FLUID INCLUSIONS AND THEIR ORIGIN FLUID INCLUSION APPEARANCE .............................................................................................. 5 INCLUSION ENTRAPMENT DURING CRYSTAL GROWTH ......................................................... 5 FLUID INCLUSION ENTRAPMENT AFTER CRYSTAL GROWTH ................................................. 7 FLUID INCLUSION ENTRAPMENT BY MICROFRACTURING DURING CRYSTAL GROWTH .....9 CRITERIA TO DETERMINE ORIGIN OF FLUID INCLUSIONS...................................................... 9 Primary Fluid Inclusions ..................................................................................................... 9 Calcite .................................................................................................................. 9 Dolomite and ankerite ........................................................................................... 14 Quartz ................................................................................................................... 15 Feldspar ................................................................................................................ 15 Halite ................................................................................................................... 15 Anhydrite ............................................................................................................. 17 ... 111 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3791478/9781565760981_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 Gypsum .................................................................................................................. 17 Fluorite ................................................................................................................. 18 Secondary and Pseudosecondary Fluid Inclusions ................................................................. 19 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 3 PHASE CHANGES IN FLUID INCLUSIONS: THE BASICS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 23 SINGLE COMPONENT SYSTEM H20 ............................................................................................ 23 Basic Assumptions .............................................................................................................. 23 P-T Conditions of Diagenesis .............................................................................................. 26 A Fluid Inclusion's Trek Through P-V-T Space..................................................................... 26 A Fluid Inclusion's P-V-T Trek in the Laboratory ................................................................. 27 SINGLE COMPONENT SYSTEM CH4 ............................................................................................ 27 TWO-COMPONENT SYSTEM H2 0-NaC1...................................................................................... 29 TWO-COMPONENT SYSTEM HZO-CH4 ........................................................................................ 31 MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEM H2O-PETROLEUM ........................................................................ 39 MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEM GAS-PETROLEUM ........................................................................ 39 SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................... 40 Chapter 4 ARE FLUID INCLUSIONS REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES OF DIAGENETIC FLUIDS? INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 43 DIAGENETIC FLUID VERSUS INCLUSION FLUID ...................................................................... 43 Homogeneous Fluid ............................................................................................................ 43 Heterogeneous Entrapment ................................................................................................. 44 CHANGES AFTER ENTRAPMENT ................................................................................................ 44 Reaction With Host Crystal ............................................................................................... 45 Diffusion Through the Host ................................................................................................ 46 Change in Volume of the Inclusion Vacuole ......................................................................... 46 Change in Shape (Necking Down) ...................................................................................... 47 Time ...................................................................................................................... 47 Size and shape ....................................................................................................... 47 Temperature .......................................................................................................... 47 Fluid composition................................................................................................... 48 Host composition .................................................................................................... 48 Strain .................................................................................................................... 48 Effect of necking down ............................................................................................ 48 Recrystallization of Mineral Host ...................................................................................... 52 Location in the Crystal....................................................................................................... 53 Deformation ...................................................................................................................... 53 iV Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3791478/9781565760981_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 Irreversible Phase or Chemical Changes After Entrapment ................................................
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