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Existing Cybernetics Foundations - B
SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND CYBERNETICS – Vol. III - Existing Cybernetics Foundations - B. M. Vladimirski EXISTING CYBERNETICS FOUNDATIONS B. M. Vladimirski Rostov State University, Russia Keywords: Cybernetics, system, control, black box, entropy, information theory, mathematical modeling, feedback, homeostasis, hierarchy. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Organization 2.1 Systems and Complexity 2.2 Organizability 2.3 Black Box 3. Modeling 4. Information 4.1 Notion of Information 4.2 Generalized Communication System 4.3 Information Theory 4.4 Principle of Necessary Variety 5. Control 5.1 Essence of Control 5.2 Structure and Functions of a Control System 5.3 Feedback and Homeostasis 6. Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Cybernetics is a science that studies systems of any nature that are capable of perceiving, storing, and processing information, as well as of using it for control and regulation. UNESCO – EOLSS The second title of the Norbert Wiener’s book “Cybernetics” reads “Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine”. However, it is not recognition of the external similaritySAMPLE between the functions of animalsCHAPTERS and machines that Norbert Wiener is credited with. That had been done well before and can be traced back to La Mettrie and Descartes. Nor is it his contribution that he introduced the notion of feedback; that has been known since the times of the creation of the first irrigation systems in ancient Babylon. His distinctive contribution lies in demonstrating that both animals and machines can be combined into a new, wider class of objects which is characterized by the presence of control systems; furthermore, living organisms, including humans and machines, can be talked about in the same language that is suitable for a description of any teleological (goal-directed) systems. -
American Society for Cybernetics the Heinz Von Foerster Society
American Society for Cybernetics The Warren McCulloch Award of the American Society for Cybernetics is awarded to The Heinz von Foerster Society for an extensive, prolonged, deep and successful commitment to the furtherance of the work of Heinz von Foerster and other cyberneticians concerned with second-order cybernetics and related approaches and understandings. Beginning with a major interview book with Heinz von Foerster (“Der Anfang von Himmel und Erde hat keinen Namen: Eine Selbsterschaffung in sieben Tagen” about to appear in English translation), members of the Heinz for Foerster Society have promoted second order cybernetics in general, and the work of Heinz von Foerster, Gordon Pask, Ernst von Glasersfeld and Richard Jung in particular, in the conferences and lectures they have funded and promoted over the past 10 years. Emerging from their first conference, the book “An Unfinished Revolution” is a key critical and reference work covering the progress so far of second-order cybernetics. Together with the publishers echoraum, they have also published a series of books on mainly second-order cybernetic topics, with authors including ASC members; and recently began a new series with the book “Trojan Horses,” which emerged from the ASC’s 2010 conference held in Troy, NY. The Heinz von Foerstar Society has been successful in directing new public attention to cybernetics in both the English and the German speaking worlds. Theirs is a major contribution to the furtherance of cybernetics, both in terms of public attention and publicity, and in the continuing development of our subject area. Ranulph Glanville President of the American Society for Cybernetics 2013/08/01. -
Neuerscheinungsdienst 2017 ND 08
Neuerscheinungsdienst Jahrgang: 2017 ND 08 Stand: 22. Februar 2017 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (Leipzig, Frankfurt am Main) 2017 ISSN 1611-0153 urn:nbn:de:101-201612064955 2 Hinweise Der Neuerscheinungsdienst ist das Ergebnis der Ko- blikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; de- operation zwischen der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek und taillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über der MVB Marketing- und Verlagsservice des Buchhandels http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. GmbH. Ziel dieser Kooperation ist zum einen die Hebung Bibliographic information published by the Deut- des Qualitätsstandards des Verzeichnisses lieferbarer sche Nationalbibliothek Bücher (VLB) und zum anderen die Verbesserung der The Deutsche Naitonalbibliothek lists this publication in Aktualität und Vollständigkeit der Deutschen Nationalbi- the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic bliografie. In der Titelaufnahme wird der entsprechende data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. Link zu den Verlagsangaben direkt geschaltet; ebenso Information bibliographique de la Deutsche Natio- alle anderen möglichen Links. nalbibliothek Die Verleger melden ihre Titel in einem einzigen Vor- La Deutsche Nationalbibliothek a répertoiré cette publi- gang für das VLB und den Neuerscheinungsdienst der cation dans la Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; les données Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Dieser zeigt somit alle bibliographiques détaillées peuvent être consultées sur Neumeldungen von Titeln an, die auch in das VLB ein- Internet à l’adresse http://dnb.dnb.de gehen. Die VLB-Redaktion leitet die Meldungen an die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek weiter. Die Titel werden oh- Die Verleger übersenden gemäß den gesetzlichen Vor- ne weitere Änderungen im Neuerscheinungsdienst der schriften zur Pflichtablieferung zwei Pflichtexemplare je Deutschen Nationalbibliothek angezeigt. Die Titelanzei- nach Zuständigkeit an die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek gen selbst sind, wie auf der Sachgruppenübersicht an- nach Frankfurt am Main oder nach Leipzig. -
The Place and Meaning of Computing in a Sound Relationship of Man, Machines, and Environment
Proceedings ICMC|SMC|2014 14-20 September 2014, Athens, Greece The place and meaning of computing in a sound relationship of man, machines, and environment Agostino Di Scipio Electroacoustic Music Dept., Conservatory of L'Aquila, Italy [email protected] ABSTRACT other than digital in order to make sense of what in the world can be computed - provided there is anything really The following is a revised version of the text prepared by computable in music-related activities (a problematic the author for his keynote speech at the opening session question, often debated years ago). However, today the of the International Computer Music Conference 2013 particular manner in which digital technologies are sided (12.08.2013 Heath Ledger Theatre, State Theatre Centre, by, and integrated in, different but overlapping techno- logical layers, seems to be increasingly significant to Perth, Western Australia). It bears on conceptual changes practitioners. This is clear from live performance prac- that have taken place, along the decades, in the shared tices where computing devices do not represent some- notion of "computing" as relative to creative practices of thing standing on its own, and are rather embedded in a sound- and music-making. In particular, the notion of larger "performance ecosystem" (Waters, 2011) where computing is considered vis a vis the relationship, either other technogical layers and agencies play an (equally?) implicity established or deliberately designed by practi- important role, whether they are human agencies (per- tioners, to the (necessarily hybrid) technological infra- formers), mechanical agencies (music instruments and structures of their work, as well as to the surrouding various infrastructures), or devices ranging from basic physical space where such practices take place. -
Kant, Cybernetics, and Cybersecurity: Integration and Secure Computation
Kant, Cybernetics, and Cybersecurity: Integration and Secure Computation Jon K. Burmeister and Ziyuan Meng College of Mount Saint Vincent Drew University [email protected], [email protected] Abstract1 This paper argues that Kant’s philosophy of mind sheds light on Heinz Von Foerster’s cybernetic thinking, and that both thinkers help us identify dubious theoretical assumptions within computer science and cybersecurity. Specifically, these two thinkers discuss the importance of integration within systems, a position which contrasts with a reductionist form of thinking currently common in computer science. We argue that such a reductionist and narrowly technocentric approach leads to the design of insecure software systems. To develop an improved theory of security and vulnerability, we look for inspiration to Kant and von Foerster. Our approach focuses on two types of integration within Kant’s philosophy of mind – the “unity of apperception,” and the unity of the mental faculties – and then traces these same themes in the thought of von Foerster. Building on that, we argue two points: 1.) a secure software system never directly takes its structure or operations from the external environement, and 2.) the more integrated a software system is, the more secure it is. To illustrate these points, we analyze a case study of a code injection attack against a vulnerable web application, and show how such a system is vulnerable to cyberattack when it fails to maintain its integrated form in response to inputs from the environment. Keywords: Philosophy of Mind, Cybernetics, Cybersecurity, Information Systems, Kant, Heinz von Foerster, Integration, Reductionism. 1. Introduction The philosophical tradition of German Idealism and the field of cybernetics share a common impulse: both strive to think systematically and at a high level of generality, with the goal of discovering foundational principles that apply across a wide variety of domains. -
What Is Systems Theory?
What is Systems Theory? Systems theory is an interdisciplinary theory about the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science, and is a framework by which one can investigate and/or describe any group of objects that work together to produce some result. This could be a single organism, any organization or society, or any electro-mechanical or informational artifact. As a technical and general academic area of study it predominantly refers to the science of systems that resulted from Bertalanffy's General System Theory (GST), among others, in initiating what became a project of systems research and practice. Systems theoretical approaches were later appropriated in other fields, such as in the structural functionalist sociology of Talcott Parsons and Niklas Luhmann . Contents - 1 Overview - 2 History - 3 Developments in system theories - 3.1 General systems research and systems inquiry - 3.2 Cybernetics - 3.3 Complex adaptive systems - 4 Applications of system theories - 4.1 Living systems theory - 4.2 Organizational theory - 4.3 Software and computing - 4.4 Sociology and Sociocybernetics - 4.5 System dynamics - 4.6 Systems engineering - 4.7 Systems psychology - 5 See also - 6 References - 7 Further reading - 8 External links - 9 Organisations // Overview 1 / 20 What is Systems Theory? Margaret Mead was an influential figure in systems theory. Contemporary ideas from systems theory have grown with diversified areas, exemplified by the work of Béla H. Bánáthy, ecological systems with Howard T. Odum, Eugene Odum and Fritj of Capra , organizational theory and management with individuals such as Peter Senge , interdisciplinary study with areas like Human Resource Development from the work of Richard A. -
Gordon Pask's North American Archive At
Gonçalo Furtado and Paul Pangaro, Gordon Pask’s North American Archive: Contents Listing, New York: Pangaro Inc, 2008-9 GORDON PASK’S NORTH AMERICAN ARCHIVE AT PANGARO Incorporated: CONTENTS LISTING Gonçalo Furtado, PhD (Oporto University) and Paul Pangaro, PhD (Pangaro Incorporated) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION by Gonçalo Furtado (page 2 to 3) NEW CONTENTS LISTING by Gonçalo Furtado and Paul Pangaro (page 4 to 145) BOX 1 (A - F) BOX 2 (A - F) BOX 3 (A - F) BOX 4 (A - F) BOX 5 (A - F) BOX 6 (A - B) BOX 7 (A ) BOX 8 (A - F) BOX 9 (A - D) BOX 10 (A - F) BOX 11 (A - F) BOX 12 (A - F) BOX 13 (A - F) 1 Gonçalo Furtado and Paul Pangaro, Gordon Pask’s North American Archive: Contents Listing, New York: Pangaro Inc, 2008-9 INTRODUCTION For several years Gordon Pask has been one of my main research interests. My PhD dissertation at the University College of London provided a thorough account of his life as well as his long interchanges with the fields of art and design. The following document consists of a description of materials related to him that are held at Godon Pask’s North American Archive. British maverick Gordon Pask was a world-renowned cybernetician, awarded the Wiener Gold Medal from the American Society of Cybernetics for his contribution to the field, and who became closely associated with the rise of second-order-cybernetics. For a clear understanding of his perspectives, I recommend works by his close colleagues, such as Ranulph Glanville and Paul Pangaro. As Pangaro stated: “Pask’s achievement was to establish a unifying framework that subsumes the subjectivity of human experience and the objectivity of scientific tradition.”1 The substantial 1993 festschrift published in Journal of Systems Research and edited by Glanville2 comprises texts that express the diversity of fields touched upon and influenced by Pask, as well as a description of his publications and projects. -
How Cybernetics Connects Computing, Counterculture, and Design
Walker Art Center — Hippie Modernism: The Struggle for Utopia — Exhibit Catalog — October 2015 How cybernetics connects computing, counterculture, and design Hugh Dubberly — Dubberly Design Office — [email protected] Paul Pangaro — College for Creative Studies — [email protected] “Man is always aiming to achieve some goal language, and sharing descriptions creates a society.[2] and he is always looking for new goals.” Suddenly, serious scientists were talking seriously —Gordon Pask[1] about subjectivity—about language, conversation, and ethics—and their relation to systems and to design. Serious scientists were collaborating to study Beginning in the decade before World War II and collaboration. accelerating through the war and after, scientists This turn away from the mainstream of science designed increasingly sophisticated mechanical and became a turn toward interdisciplinarity—and toward electrical systems that acted as if they had a purpose. counterculture. This work intersected other work on cognition in Two of these scientists, Heinz von Foerster and animals as well as early work on computing. What Gordon Pask, took an interest in design, even as design emerged was a new way of looking at systems—not just was absorbing the lessons of cybernetics. Another mechanical and electrical systems, but also biological member of the group, Gregory Bateson, caught the and social systems: a unifying theory of systems and attention of Stewart Brand, systems thinker, designer, their relation to their environment. This turn toward and publisher of the Whole Earth Catalog. Bateson “whole systems” and “systems thinking” became introduced Brand to von Foerster.[3] Brand’s Whole Earth known as cybernetics. Cybernetics frames the world in Catalog spawned a do-it-yourself publishing revolution, terms of systems and their goals. -
The Work of Art in the Age of Biocybernetic Reproduction W
The Work of Art in the Age of Biocybernetic Reproduction W. J. Thomas Mitchell Modernism/modernity, Volume 10, Number 3, September 2003, pp. 481-500 (Article) Published by Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2003.0067 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/46443 Access provided by University of Leeds (29 May 2017 18:37 GMT) MITCHELL / the work of art in the age of biocybernetic reproduction 481 The Work of Art in the Age of Biocybernetic Reproduction W. J. T. Mitchell MODERNISM / modernity Until you were born, robots didn’t dream, they didn’t VOLUME TEN, NUMBER have desires. THREE, PP 481–500. —Said to the robot boy David by his designer— © 2003 THE JOHNS AI Stephen Spielberg HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS The life of images has taken a decisive turn in our time: the oldest myth about the creation of living images, the fabrication of an intelligent organism by artificial, technical means, has now become a theoretical and practical possibility thanks to new con- stellations of media at many different levels. The convergence of genetic and computational technologies with new forms of specu- lative capital has turned cyberspace and biospace, the inner struc- ture of organisms, into frontiers for technical innovation, ap- propriation, and exploitation—new forms of objecthood and territoriality for a new form of empire. In AI, Stephen Spielberg registers this change by telling a story about the invention of an image that is, quite literally, a “desiring machine.” David, the W.J.T. Mitchell is contemporary answer to Pinocchio, is a robot boy with dreams Professor of English and and desires, and with an apparently fully elaborated human sub- Art History at the jectivity. -
For Heinz Von Foerster)
Designing Our World: Cybernetics as Conversation for Action Heinz von Foerster Lecture ’17 University of Vienna 20 June 2017 Paul Pangaro, Ph.D. Chair and Associate Professor MFA Interaction Design Program College for Creative Studies, Detroit [email protected] RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 1 MFA Transportation Design MFA Color & Materials Design MFA Integrated Design MFA Interaction Design College for Creative Studies, Detroit [email protected] RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 2 Paul Pangaro, Ph.D. Chair and Associate Professor MFA Interaction Design Program College for Creative Studies, Detroit RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 3 MFA Interaction Design RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 4 MFA Interaction Design HeinzRSD5 von / Toronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna / Paul June Pangaro 2017 // DesigningPaul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 5 Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 6 Knowledge – Organisation – Society Heinz von Foerster and the Biological Computer Laboratory International Heinz von Foerster-Congress 2003 at the Wittgenstein-House Thursday, November 13 Friday, November 14 Saturday, November 15 Conference Openings Alfred Inselberg Robert Martin 9:00 a.m. Pille Bunnell BCL and the Visualization of Inventing the World One – 11:00 a.m. Ilse König Multidimensional Geometry Conversation at a Time: the Once and Allenna Leonard Lars Löfgren Future Invitation of Heinz von Foerster Andreas von Foerster From Wittgenstein’s Language- Paul Pangaro Thomas von Foerster World Thesis to Holistic Language The Past-Future of Cybernetics: Moderator: Karl H. -
The Cybersemiotic Model of Communication: an Evolutionary View on the Threshold Between Semiosis and Informational Exchange1
tripleC 1(1): 71-94, 2003 ISSN 1726-670X http://tripleC.uti.at The Cybersemiotic Model of Communication: An Evolutionary View on the Threshold between Semiosis and Informational Exchange1 Søren Brier Department of Economics and Natural Resources, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Phone +45 3528 2689, Fax +45 3528 3709, [email protected] Abstract: This paper discusses various suggestions for a The new concept of intrasemiotics designates the semiosis of philosophical framework for a trans-disciplinary information the interpenetration between biological and psychological au- science or a semiotic doctrine. These are: the mechanical topoietic systems as Luhmann defines them in his theory. materialistic, the pan-informational, the Luhmanian second or- One could therefore view intrasemiotics as the interplay be- der cybernetic approach, Peircian biosemiotics and finally the tween Lorenz' biological defined motivations and Freud's Id, pan-semiotic approach. The limitations of each are analysed. understood as the psychological aspect of many of the natural The conclusion is that we will not have to choose between ei- drives. In the last years of the development of his theory, ther a cybernetic-informational or a semiotic approach. A Lorenz worked with the idea of how emotional feedback intro- combination of a Peircian-based biosemiotics with autopoiesis duced just a little learning through pleasurable feelings into in- theory, second order cybernetics and information science is stinctive systems because, as he reasoned, there must be suggested in a five-levelled cybersemiotic framework. The five some kind of reward of going through instinctive movements, levels are 1) a level of Firstness, 2) a level of mechanical mat- thus making possible the appetitive searching behaviour for ter, energy and force as Secondness, 3) a cybernetic and sign stimuli. -
Cybernetics Forum the Publication Oftheamerican Society for Cybernetics
CYBERNETICS FORUM THE PUBLICATION OFTHEAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CYBERNETICS FALL 1979 VOLUME IX NO. 3 A SPECIAL ISSUE HONORING DR. HEINZ VON FOERSTER ON THE OCCASION OF HIS RETIREMENT IN THIS ISSUE: Heinz Von Foerster: A Second Order Cybernetician, Stuart Umpleby. 3 An Open Letter to Dr. Von Foerster, Stafford Beer . 13 The lmportance of Being Magie, Gordon Pask . ...... ........ ....... ... .. ........ ... ...... 17 The Wholeness of the Unity: Conversations with Heinz Von Foerster, Humberto R. Maturana . 20 Creative Cybernetics, Lars LÖfgren . 27 With Heinz Von Foerster, Edwin Schlossberg . 28 Heinz Von Foerster's Gontributions to the Development of Cybernetics, Kenneth L. Wilson ........ .. .. 30 List of Publications of Heinz Von Foerster . 33 The Work of Visiting Cyberneticians in the Biological Computer Laboratory, Kenneth L. Wilson . 36 About the Autho ~$. 40 © 1979 American Society for Cybernetics BOARD OF EDITORS Editor Charles H. Dym Frederick Kile V.G. DROZIN Dym, Frank & Company Aid Assoe/ation for Lutherans Department of Physics 2511 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W. Appleton, Wl 54911 Buckne/1 University Washington, DC 20008 Lewisburg, PA 17837 Mark N. Ozer TECHNICAL EDITOR Gertrude Herrmann The George Washington University Kenneth W. Gaul School of Medicine and Conference Calendar Editor 111 0/in Science Building Health Seiences Buckne/1 University 1131 Unlversity Boulevard West, 12122 3000 Connecticut AvenueN. W. Lewisburg, PA 17837 Washington, DC 20008 Si/ver Spring, MD 20902 ASSOCIATE EDITORS Charles I. Bartfeld Doreen Ray Steg School of Business Administration, Harold K. Hughes Department of Human Behavior & The State University College American University Development, Potsdam, NY 13.767 Mass. & Nebraska Aves. N. W. Drexel University Washington, DC 20016 Philadelphia, PA 19104 N.A.