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(C) 1978 by Random House, Inc. Introduction: "The Dean of Science
A Del Rey Book - Published by Ballantine Books Copyright (c) 1978 by Random House, Inc. Introduction: "The Dean of Science Fiction" Copyright (c) 1978 by J. J. Pierce All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Ballantine Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Ballantine Books of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Canada. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 78-52210 ISBN 0-345-25800-2 Manufactured in the United States of America First Edition: April 1978 Cover art by H. R. Van Dongen ACKNOWLEDGMENTS "Sidewise in Time," copyright (c) 1934 by Street & Smith Publications, Inc., for Astounding Stories, June 1934. "Proxima Centauri," co~yright (c) 1935 by Street & Smith Pub.. lications, Inc., for Astounding Stories, March 1935. - "The Fourth-dimensional Demonstrator," copyright (c) 1935 by Street & Smith Publications, Inc., for Astounding Stories, December 1935. "First Contact," copyright (c) 1945 by Street & Smith Publications, Inc., for Astounding Science Fiction, May 1945. "The Ethical Equations," copyright (c) 1945 by Street & Smith Publications, Inc., for Astounding Science Fiction, June 1945. "Pipeline to Pluto," copyright (c) 1945 by Street & Smith Publications, Inc., for Astounding Science Fiction, August 1945. "The Power," copyright (c) 1945 by Street & Smith Publications, Inc., for Astounding Science Fiction, September 1945. "A Logic Named Joe," copyright (c) 1946 by Street & Smith Publications, Inc., for Astounding Science Fiction, March 1946. "Symbiosis," copyright (c) 1947 for Collier's Magazine, January 1947. "The Strange Case of John Kingman," copyright (c) 1948 by Street & Smith Publications, Inc., for Astounding Science Fiction, May 1948. -
Querying Wikidata: Comparing SPARQL, Relational and Graph Databases
Querying Wikidata: Comparing SPARQL, Relational and Graph Databases Daniel Hernández1, Aidan Hogan1, Cristian Riveros2, Carlos Rojas2, and Enzo Zerega2 Center for Semantic Web Research 1 Department of Computer Science, Universidad de Chile 2 Department of Computer Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Resource type: Benchmark and Empirical Study Permanent URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3219217 Abstract: In this paper, we experimentally compare the efficiency of various database engines for the purposes of querying the Wikidata knowledge-base, which can be conceptualised as a directed edge-labelled graph where edges can be annotated with meta-information called quali- fiers. We take two popular SPARQL databases (Virtuoso, Blazegraph), a popular relational database (PostgreSQL), and a popular graph database (Neo4J) for comparison and discuss various options as to how Wikidata can be represented in the models of each engine. We design a set of experiments to test the relative query performance of these representa- tions in the context of their respective engines. We first execute a large set of atomic lookups to establish a baseline performance for each test setting, and subsequently perform experiments on instances of more com- plex graph patterns based on real-world examples. We conclude with a summary of the strengths and limitations of the engines observed. 1 Introduction Wikidata is a new knowledge-base overseen by the Wikimedia foundation and collaboratively edited by a community of thousands of users [21]. The goal of Wikidata is to provide a common interoperable source of factual information for Wikimedia projects, foremost of which is Wikipedia. Currently on Wikipedia, articles that list entities – such as top scoring football players – and the info- boxes that appear on the top-right-hand side of articles – such as to state the number of goals scored by a football player – must be manually maintained. -
Existing Cybernetics Foundations - B
SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND CYBERNETICS – Vol. III - Existing Cybernetics Foundations - B. M. Vladimirski EXISTING CYBERNETICS FOUNDATIONS B. M. Vladimirski Rostov State University, Russia Keywords: Cybernetics, system, control, black box, entropy, information theory, mathematical modeling, feedback, homeostasis, hierarchy. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Organization 2.1 Systems and Complexity 2.2 Organizability 2.3 Black Box 3. Modeling 4. Information 4.1 Notion of Information 4.2 Generalized Communication System 4.3 Information Theory 4.4 Principle of Necessary Variety 5. Control 5.1 Essence of Control 5.2 Structure and Functions of a Control System 5.3 Feedback and Homeostasis 6. Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Cybernetics is a science that studies systems of any nature that are capable of perceiving, storing, and processing information, as well as of using it for control and regulation. UNESCO – EOLSS The second title of the Norbert Wiener’s book “Cybernetics” reads “Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine”. However, it is not recognition of the external similaritySAMPLE between the functions of animalsCHAPTERS and machines that Norbert Wiener is credited with. That had been done well before and can be traced back to La Mettrie and Descartes. Nor is it his contribution that he introduced the notion of feedback; that has been known since the times of the creation of the first irrigation systems in ancient Babylon. His distinctive contribution lies in demonstrating that both animals and machines can be combined into a new, wider class of objects which is characterized by the presence of control systems; furthermore, living organisms, including humans and machines, can be talked about in the same language that is suitable for a description of any teleological (goal-directed) systems. -
FALL 2008 Columbia University in the City of New York Co
FALL 2008 Columbia University in the City of New York CO 435 West 116th Street, Box A-2 L UM New York, NY 10027 BI A L RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED A W S C HO O L M ag azine www.law.columbia.edu/alumni fall 2008 BREAKING THE CODE NEW FACULTY MEMBER MICHAEL GRAETZ HAS AN INNOVATIVE PLAN FOR REVAMPING AMERICA’s TAX CODE TALKINGTALKING TETELECLECOM: TIM WU CHATS WITH JEFFREY TOOBIN SCOTUS ANALYSIS FROM BLASI, BRIFFAULT, GREENAWALT, HAMBURGER, AND PERSILY Opportunity The Future of Diversity and Opportunity in Higher dean Columbia Law School Magazine David M. Schizer is published three times annually for alumni and friends of associate dean Education: A National Columbia Law School by the for development and Office of Development and alumni relations Alumni Relations. Forum on Innovation and Bruno M. Santonocito Opinions expressed in Columbia Law Collaboration executive director School Magazine do not necessarily of communications reflect the views of Columbia Law and public affairs School or Columbia University. Elizabeth Schmalz This magazine is printed December 3-5, 2008 guest editor on FSC certified paper. Matthew J.X. Malady editorial director James Vescovi assistant editor Mary Johnson Change of address information should be sent to: copy editors Lauren Pavlakovich, Columbia Law School Joy Y. Wang 435 West 116 Street, Box A-2 New York, NY 10027 During the first week in December, design and art direction Attn: Office of Alumni Relations Empire Design Studio Alumni Office university presidents, provosts, and photography 212-854-2680 Peter Freed, Robyn Twomey, Magazine Notices Eric van den Brulle, Jon Roemer 212-854-2650 academic innovators will gather for David Yellen [email protected] an historic conference focused on new printing Copyright 2008, Columbia Maar Printing Service, Inc. -
DEMOCRITUS Democritus
CHAPTER FOUR DEMOCRITUS Democritus (c. 460-396 B.C.) was a younger contemporary ofProtagoras; both were born in Abdera. 1 Although he had encyclopedic interests and was the author of many works, the 298 fragments ascribed to him in Diels-Kranz are at most all that has survived of his writings? Almost all of these fragments concern ethical matters. But despite this, Democritus has generally not been known for his moral theory. He has always, and rightly, been considered an important figure in the history of natural philosophy for his theory of atomism. Commentators on the ethical fragments have often found them to be of little or no philosophical importance3 and have sometimes questioned their authenticity. The issue of whether these fragments are authentic is not important in the context of the present study, which is only interested in these fragments insofar as they re present the views of an early Greek moral theorist concerned with the issue of the compatibility of self-interest and morality. Thus, it would make little difference here whether the fragments be attributed to Democritus or one of his contemporar ies, although my own view is that they probably should be assigned to Democri tus.4 On the other hand, it is a crucial question in the present context whether the fragments have philosophical importance. It is true, of course, that the ethical fragments are written in a style closer to the philosophically unrigorous fragments of Antiphon's On Concord than to those from On Truth. But it cannot be concluded from this fact that they are trivial. -
Processing Natural Language Arguments with the <Textcoop>
Argument and Computation Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2012, 49–82 Processing natural language arguments with the <TextCoop> platform Patrick Saint-Dizier* IRIT-CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse, France (Received 15 June 2011; final version received 31 January 2012) In this article, we first present the <TextCoop> platform and the Dislog language, designed for discourse analysis with a logic and linguistic perspective. The platform has now reached a certain level of maturity which allows the recognition of a large diversity of discourse structures including general-purpose rhetorical structures as well as domain-specific discourse structures. The Dislog language is based on linguistic considerations and includes knowledge access and inference capabilities. Functionalities of the language are presented together with a method for writing discourse analysis rules. Efficiency and portability of the system over domains and languages are investigated to conclude this first part. In a second part, we analyse the different types of arguments found in several document genres, most notably: procedures, didactic texts and requirements. Arguments form a large class of discourse relations. A generic and frequently encountered form emerges from our analysis: ‘reasons for conclusion’ which constitutes a homogeneous family of arguments from a language, functional and conceptual point of view. This family can be viewed as a kind of proto-argument. We then elaborate its linguistic structure and show how it is implemented in <TextCoop>. We then investigate the cooperation between explanation and arguments, in particular in didactic texts where they are particularly rich and elaborated. This article ends with a prospective section that develops current and potential uses of this work and how it can be extended to the recognition of other forms of arguments. -
Remembering Music in Early Greece
REMEMBERING MUSIC IN EARLY GREECE JOHN C. FRANKLIN This paper contemplates various ways that the ancient Greeks preserved information about their musical past. Emphasis is given to the earlier periods and the transition from oral/aural tradition, when self-reflective professional poetry was the primary means of remembering music, to literacy, when festival inscriptions and written poetry could first capture information in at least roughly datable contexts. But the continuing interplay of the oral/aural and written modes during the Archaic and Classical periods also had an impact on the historical record, which from ca. 400 onwards is represented by historiographical fragments. The sources, methods, and motives of these early treatises are also examined, with special attention to Hellanicus of Lesbos and Glaucus of Rhegion. The essay concludes with a few brief comments on Peripatetic historiography and a selective catalogue of music-historiographical titles from the fifth and fourth centuries. INTRODUCTION Greek authors often refer to earlier music.1 Sometimes these details are of first importance for the modern historiography of ancient 1 Editions and translations of classical authors may be found by consulting the article for each in The Oxford Classical Dictionary3. Journal 1 2 JOHN C. FRANKLIN Greek music. Uniquely valuable, for instance, is Herodotus’ allusion to an Argive musical efflorescence in the late sixth century,2 nowhere else explicitly attested (3.131–2). In other cases we learn less about real musical history than an author’s own biases and predilections. Thus Plato describes Egypt as a never-never- land where no innovation was ever permitted in music; it is hard to know whether Plato fabricated this statement out of nothing to support his conservative and ideal society, or is drawing, towards the same end, upon a more widely held impression—obviously superficial—of a foreign, distant culture (Laws 656e–657f). -
“Justice League Detroit”!
THE RETRO COMICS EXPERIENCE! t 201 2 A ugus o.58 N . 9 5 $ 8 . d e v r e s e R s t h ® g i R l l A . s c i m o C C IN THE BRONZE AGE! D © & THE SATELLITE YEARS M T a c i r e INJUSTICE GANG m A f o e MARVEL’s JLA, u g a e L SQUADRON SUPREME e c i t s u J UNOFFICIAL JLA/AVENGERS CROSSOVERS 7 A SALUTE TO DICK DILLIN 0 8 2 “PRO2PRO” WITH GERRY 6 7 7 CONWAY & DAN JURGENS 2 8 5 6 And the team fans 2 8 love to hate — 1 “JUSTICE LEAGUE DETROIT”! The Retro Comics Experience! Volume 1, Number 58 August 2012 Celebrating the Best Comics of the '70s, '80s, '90s, and Beyond! EDITOR Michael “Superman”Eury PUBLISHER John “T.O.” Morrow GUEST DESIGNER Michael “BaTman” Kronenberg COVER ARTIST ISSUE! Luke McDonnell and Bill Wray . s c i m COVER COLORIST o C BACK SEAT DRIVER: Editorial by Michael Eury .........................................................2 Glenn “Green LanTern” WhiTmore C D © PROOFREADER & Whoever was sTuck on MoniTor DuTy FLASHBACK: 22,300 Miles Above the Earth .............................................................3 M T . A look back at the JLA’s “Satellite Years,” with an all-star squadron of creators a c i r SPECIAL THANKS e m Jerry Boyd A Rob Kelly f o Michael Browning EllioT S! Maggin GREATEST STORIES NEVER TOLD: Unofficial JLA/Avengers Crossovers ................29 e u Rich Buckler g Luke McDonnell Never heard of these? Most folks haven’t, even though you might’ve read the stories… a e L Russ Burlingame Brad MelTzer e c i T Snapper Carr Mi ke’s Amazing s u J Dewey Cassell World of DC INTERVIEW: More Than Marvel’s JLA: Squadron Supreme ....................................33 e h T ComicBook.com Comics SS editor Ralph Macchio discusses Mark Gruenwald’s dictatorial do-gooders g n i r Gerry Conway Eri c Nolen- r a T s DC Comics WeaThingTon , ) 6 J. -
Backup Series Issue! 0 8 Green Lantern • Green Arrow & Black Canary 2 6 7 7
0 4 No.64 May 201 3 $ 8 . 9 5 1 82658 27762 8 METAMORPHO • GOODWIN & SIMONSON’S MANHUNTER GREEN LANTERN • GREEN ARROW & BLACK CANARY COMiCs PASKO & GIFFEN’S DR. FATE & more! , WHATEVER HAPPENED TO…? BACKUP SERIES ISSUE! bROnzE AGE AnD bEYOnD i . Volume 1, Number 64 May 2013 Celebrating the Best Comics of Comics’ Bronze Age and Beyond! the '70s, '80s, '90s, and Beyond! EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Michael Eury PUBLISHER John Morrow DESIGNER Rich Fowlks COVER ARTISTS Mike Grell and Josef Rubinstein COVER COLORIST Glenn Whitmore COVER DESIGNER Michael Kronenberg BACK SEAT DRIVER: Editorial by Michael Eury . .2 PROOFREADER Rob Smentek FLASHBACK: The Emerald Backups . .3 Green Lantern’s demotion to a Flash backup and gradual return to his own title SPECIAL THANKS Jack Abramowitz Robert Greenberger FLASHBACK: The Ballad of Ollie and Dinah . .10 Marc Andreyko Karl Heitmueller Green Arrow and Black Canary’s Bronze Age romance and adventures Roger Ash Heritage Comics Jason Bard Auctions INTERVIEW: John Calnan discusses Metamorpho in Action Comics . .22 Mike W. Barr James Kingman The Fab Freak of 1001-and-1 Changes returns! With loads of Calnan art Cary Bates Paul Levitz BEYOND CAPES: A Rose by Any Other Name … Would be Thorn . .28 Alex Boney Alan Light In the back pages of Lois Lane—of all places!—sprang the inventive Rose and the Thorn Kelly Borkert Elliot S! Maggin Rich Buckler Donna Olmstead FLASHBACK: Seven Soldiers of Victory: Lost in Time Again . .33 Cary Burkett Dennis O’Neil This Bronze Age backup serial was written during the Golden Age Mike Burkey John Ostrander John Calnan Mike Royer BEYOND CAPES: The Master Crime-File of Jason Bard . -
Metallurgy, Society and the Bronze/Iron Transition in the East Mediterranean and the Near East
~I ' ! SYDNEY PICKLES and EDGAR PELTENBURG METALLURGY, SOCIETY AND THE BRONZE/IRON TRANSITION IN THE EAST MEDITERRANEAN AND THE NEAR EAST Reprinted from the Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 1998 NICOSIA 1998 METALLURGY, SOCIETY AND THE BRONZE/IRON TRANSITION IN THE EAST MEDITERRANEAN AND THE NEAR EAST Sydney Pickles and Edgar Peltenburg INTRODUCTION Stage 2. Iron began to be used for utilitarian objects but bronze still predominated. In so fa r as it refers to the chronological sequ ence of dominant technologies in the Old World, Stage 3. Iron was in general use for utilitarian the three ages concept of archaeological classifi objects. cation cannot -be challenged. Difficul ties arise Towards the end of the 13th century B.C. the when attempts are made to specify precise bound archaeological record of the Near East shows in aries between the epochs, both chronologically creasing use of iron for cutting tools and other and technologically, and to associate distinctive working implements (McGovern 1987, Stech cultural patterns wi th the technological phases. Wheeler et al. 1981, McNutt 1990), gradually re Some increase in cultural complexity was neces placing bronze and even wood and stone for uses sary for metallurgical innovation to be possible, for which metal had hitherto been too costly a lu but the material cultures and social orders were xury, e.g. its use for ploughshares made possible themselves drastically changed by the availability the culti vati on of ground previously considered and use of metals, initially by an elite but later, in too hard. In the Eastern Mediterranean this pro the Iron Age, by even the humblest ploughman in cess occupied most of the 12th, 11 th and 10th the fields. -
Gordon Pask's North American Archive At
Gonçalo Furtado and Paul Pangaro, Gordon Pask’s North American Archive: Contents Listing, New York: Pangaro Inc, 2008-9 GORDON PASK’S NORTH AMERICAN ARCHIVE AT PANGARO Incorporated: CONTENTS LISTING Gonçalo Furtado, PhD (Oporto University) and Paul Pangaro, PhD (Pangaro Incorporated) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION by Gonçalo Furtado (page 2 to 3) NEW CONTENTS LISTING by Gonçalo Furtado and Paul Pangaro (page 4 to 145) BOX 1 (A - F) BOX 2 (A - F) BOX 3 (A - F) BOX 4 (A - F) BOX 5 (A - F) BOX 6 (A - B) BOX 7 (A ) BOX 8 (A - F) BOX 9 (A - D) BOX 10 (A - F) BOX 11 (A - F) BOX 12 (A - F) BOX 13 (A - F) 1 Gonçalo Furtado and Paul Pangaro, Gordon Pask’s North American Archive: Contents Listing, New York: Pangaro Inc, 2008-9 INTRODUCTION For several years Gordon Pask has been one of my main research interests. My PhD dissertation at the University College of London provided a thorough account of his life as well as his long interchanges with the fields of art and design. The following document consists of a description of materials related to him that are held at Godon Pask’s North American Archive. British maverick Gordon Pask was a world-renowned cybernetician, awarded the Wiener Gold Medal from the American Society of Cybernetics for his contribution to the field, and who became closely associated with the rise of second-order-cybernetics. For a clear understanding of his perspectives, I recommend works by his close colleagues, such as Ranulph Glanville and Paul Pangaro. As Pangaro stated: “Pask’s achievement was to establish a unifying framework that subsumes the subjectivity of human experience and the objectivity of scientific tradition.”1 The substantial 1993 festschrift published in Journal of Systems Research and edited by Glanville2 comprises texts that express the diversity of fields touched upon and influenced by Pask, as well as a description of his publications and projects. -
The Work of Art in the Age of Biocybernetic Reproduction W
The Work of Art in the Age of Biocybernetic Reproduction W. J. Thomas Mitchell Modernism/modernity, Volume 10, Number 3, September 2003, pp. 481-500 (Article) Published by Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2003.0067 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/46443 Access provided by University of Leeds (29 May 2017 18:37 GMT) MITCHELL / the work of art in the age of biocybernetic reproduction 481 The Work of Art in the Age of Biocybernetic Reproduction W. J. T. Mitchell MODERNISM / modernity Until you were born, robots didn’t dream, they didn’t VOLUME TEN, NUMBER have desires. THREE, PP 481–500. —Said to the robot boy David by his designer— © 2003 THE JOHNS AI Stephen Spielberg HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS The life of images has taken a decisive turn in our time: the oldest myth about the creation of living images, the fabrication of an intelligent organism by artificial, technical means, has now become a theoretical and practical possibility thanks to new con- stellations of media at many different levels. The convergence of genetic and computational technologies with new forms of specu- lative capital has turned cyberspace and biospace, the inner struc- ture of organisms, into frontiers for technical innovation, ap- propriation, and exploitation—new forms of objecthood and territoriality for a new form of empire. In AI, Stephen Spielberg registers this change by telling a story about the invention of an image that is, quite literally, a “desiring machine.” David, the W.J.T. Mitchell is contemporary answer to Pinocchio, is a robot boy with dreams Professor of English and and desires, and with an apparently fully elaborated human sub- Art History at the jectivity.