For Heinz Von Foerster)

Home , Allenna Leonard, Heinz von Foerster, Stafford Beer, Stuart Umpleby

Designing Our World: Cybernetics as Conversation for Action

Heinz von Foerster Lecture ’17 University of Vienna 20 June 2017

Paul Pangaro, Ph.D. Chair and Associate Professor MFA Interaction Design Program College for Creative Studies, Detroit [email protected]

RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 1 MFA Transportation Design MFA Color & Materials Design MFA Integrated Design MFA Interaction Design College for Creative Studies, Detroit [email protected]

RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 2 Paul Pangaro, Ph.D. Chair and Associate Professor MFA Interaction Design Program College for Creative Studies, Detroit

RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 3 MFA Interaction Design

RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 4 MFA Interaction Design

HeinzRSD5 von / Toronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna / Paul June Pangaro 2017 // DesigningPaul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 5 Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 6 Knowledge – Organisation – Society Heinz von Foerster and the Biological Computer Laboratory International Heinz von Foerster-Congress 2003 at the Wittgenstein-House

Thursday, November 13 Friday, November 14 Saturday, November 15

Conference Openings Alfred Inselberg Robert Martin 9:00 a.m. Pille Bunnell BCL and the Visualization of Inventing the World One – 11:00 a.m. Ilse König Multidimensional Geometry Conversation at a Time: the Once and Allenna Leonard Lars Löfgren Future Invitation of Heinz von Foerster Andreas von Foerster From Wittgenstein’s Language- Paul Pangaro Thomas von Foerster World Thesis to Holistic Language The Past-Future of Cybernetics: Moderator: Karl H. Müller Moderator: Allenna Leonard Conversations, Von Foerster, and the BCL Moderator: Pille Bunnell

11:00 a.m. Ernst von Glasersfeld Ricardo Uribe Stuart Umpleby –1:00 p.m. The Constructivist View of Non-trivial Machines What I Learned from Heinz von Communication Paul Weston Foerster about the Construction of Ranulph Glanville A Walk through the Forest Science Wonder Moderator: Markus Peschl Siegfried J. Schmidt Moderator: Friedrich Stadler HvF: Heritage and beyond: How to Apply What We Have Learned Moderator: Ranulph Glanville Afternoon Sessions

Session I Session III Session V Annual Conference of the American On the History of the BCL Cybernetics and Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro Society for Cybernetics Cognitive Science Today 7

Main Hall, 5:00–7:00 p.m. Hans Rudi Fischer | Gerhard Grössing | Karl H. Müller Moderator: Marco Lehmann-Waffenschmidt

Session II Session IV Session VII Future Prospects for Constructivism Knowledge-Organisation On the History of Cybernetics

Seminar Room, 2:30–7:00 p.m. Seminar Room, 2:30–7:00 p.m. Seminar Room, 2:30–4:30 p.m. 2:30 p.m. Thomas Himmelfreundpointner | Gerhard Grössing | Katharina Jean Pierre Dupuy | Claus Pias –7:00 p.m. Theo Hug | Richard Jung | Gsöllpointner | Günter Haag | Wolfgang Pircher | Robert Trappl Bert Klauninger | Josef Mitterer | Barbara Heller-Schuh | Susanne Moderator: Friedrich Stadler Alex Riegler | Gebhard Rusch Kratochwil and Josef Benedikt | Moderators: Marco Lehmann-Waffenschmidt | Session VIII Gerhard Grössing | Albert Müller Markus Peschl and Martin Systemics, Information and Schaurhofer | Ursula Schneider Organisation Moderators: Josef Mitterer | Ranulph Glanville Seminar Room, 5:00–7:00 p.m. Presentations by Christian Fuchs and Wolfgang Hofkirchner | Jan Klas and Stanislav Gregor | Umberta Telfener Moderator: Günter Haag Heinz von Foerster-Lecture Film Conference Reception Main Hall, 7:30–10:00 p.m. Main Hall, 7:30 p.m. 7:30 p.m. Dirk Baecker 8:00 p.m. The Net. Documentary Film on the –10:00 p.m. Knowledge and Ignorance Conference Reception at the Infant Stages of the Internet and of Moderator: Albert Müller "Wappensaal” of the Vienna City Hall the Cognitive Sciences (Including Invitation by Michael Häupl, Interviews with Heinz von Foerster) Mayor of Vienna Presented by Lutz Dammbeck

Thursday, November 13 – Sunday, November 16 Exhibition: Anestis Logothetis: Kybernetikon Arranged by Julia Spitzer-Logothetis, Gerda Janouschek

Sunday, November 16, Bösendorfer-Saal, 1040 Wien, Graf-Starhemberg-Gasse 14, 7:00 p.m. Doris Reisinger | Robert Michael Weiß: dance//wings | a tale with dance and piano Knowledge – Organisation – Society Heinz von Foerster and the Biological Computer Laboratory International Heinz von Foerster-Congress 2003 at the Wittgenstein-House

Thursday, November 13 Friday, November 14 Saturday, November 15

11:00 a.m. Ernst von Glasersfeld Ricardo Uribe Stuart Umpleby –1:00 p.m. The Constructivist View of Non-trivial Machines Heinz von FoersterWhat ’17 / Vienna June 2017I Learned / Paul Pangaro from Heinz von 8 Communication Paul Weston Foerster about the Construction of Ranulph Glanville A Walk through the Forest Science Wonder Moderator: Markus Peschl Siegfried J. Schmidt Moderator: Friedrich Stadler HvF: Heritage and beyond: How to Apply What We Have Learned Moderator: Ranulph Glanville Afternoon Sessions

Session I Session III Session V Annual Conference of the American On the History of the BCL Cybernetics and Society for Cybernetics Cognitive Science Today

Main Hall, 5:00–7:00 p.m. Hans Rudi Fischer | Gerhard Grössing | Karl H. Müller Moderator: Marco Lehmann-Waffenschmidt

Session II Session IV Session VII Future Prospects for Constructivism Knowledge-Organisation On the History of Cybernetics

Thursday, November 13 – Sunday, November 16 Exhibition: Anestis Logothetis: Kybernetikon Arranged by Julia Spitzer-Logothetis, Gerda Janouschek

Thursday, November 13 Friday, November 14 Saturday, November 15

http://pangaro.com/Heinz-von-Foerster/ 11:00 a.m. Ernst von Glasersfeld Ricardo Uribe Stuart Umpleby –1:00 p.m. The Constructivist View of Non-trivial Machines Heinz von FoersterWhat ’17 / Vienna June I2017 Learned / Paul Pangaro from Heinz von 9 Communication Paul Weston Foerster about the Construction of Ranulph Glanville A Walk through the Forest Science Wonder Moderator: Markus Peschl Siegfried J. Schmidt Moderator: Friedrich Stadler HvF: Heritage and beyond: How to Apply What We Have Learned Moderator: Ranulph Glanville Afternoon Sessions

Session I Session III Session V Annual Conference of the American On the History of the BCL Cybernetics and Society for Cybernetics Cognitive Science Today

Main Hall, 5:00–7:00 p.m. Hans Rudi Fischer | Gerhard Grössing | Karl H. Müller Moderator: Marco Lehmann-Waffenschmidt

Session II Session IV Session VII Future Prospects for Constructivism Knowledge-Organisation On the History of Cybernetics

Thursday, November 13 – Sunday, November 16 Exhibition: Anestis Logothetis: Kybernetikon Arranged by Julia Spitzer-Logothetis, Gerda Janouschek

Sunday, November 16, Bösendorfer-Saal, 1040 Wien, Graf-Starhemberg-Gasse 14, 7:00 p.m. Doris Reisinger | Robert Michael Weiß: dance//wings | a tale with dance and piano Contributions to the Viennese Archive of

Heinz von GordonFoerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / PaulPask Pangaro https://vimeo.com/31987180 10 Invitation to Recursioning (for Heinz von Foerster)

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro https://vimeo.com/32011737 11 Heinz von Foerster

photo by Robert Knisely 1989

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 12 Mai von Foerster Heinz von Foerster

photo by Paul Pangaro ~1999

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 13 Heinz von Foerster Paul Pangaro

1993

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 14 Designing Our World: Cybernetics as Conversation for Action

HeinzRSD5 von / Toronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna / Paul June Pangaro 2017 // DesigningPaul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 15 Designing Our World

RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 16 Edith Ackermann

2014 https://vimeo.com/104178407

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 17 HeinzHeinz von von FoersterFoerster ’17 / Vienna JuneJune 2017 2017 / /Paul Paul Pangaro Pangaro 18 Designing Our World

RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 19 Designing Our World: Conversation for Action

RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 20 insert movie

HeinzHeinz von von FoersterFoerster ’17 / Vienna JuneJune 2017 2017 / /Paul Paul Pangaro Pangaro 21 https://vimeo.com/104178407

HeinzHeinz von von FoersterFoerster ’17 / Vienna JuneJune 2017 2017 / /Paul Paul Pangaro Pangaro 22 HeinzHeinz von von FoersterFoerster ’17 / Vienna JuneJune 2017 2017 / /Paul Paul Pangaro Pangaro 23 Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 24 Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 25 Ranulph Glanville

Photo from https://systemic-design.net/ remembering-ranulph-glanville/

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 26 I can have a piece of paper and I can make a mark and go away and come back and look at it later.

And you know what happens when you draw on something and you come back and look at it later? It looks diﬀerent than you thought you’d drawn it.

So… you’re taking two roles: the person who draws, the person who looks, the person who draws, the person who looks.

[This] is what is at the center of designing. This, for me, is the act that makes design design. –– Ranulph Glanville

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 27 Designing Our World: Cybernetics as Conversation for Action

RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 28 Designing Our World: Cybernetics as Conversation for Action

RSD5Heinz / vonToronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna/ Paul PangaroJune 2017 / Designing / Paul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 29 “Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones.”

— Herbert Simon

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 30 “Design and cybernetics are really the same thing.”

–– Ranulph Glanville

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 31 “Conversation is the bridge between cybernetics and design.”

–– Ranulph Glanville

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 32 We construe design as a conversation for action — that is, as cybernetics.

–– Dubberly & Pangaro, Cybernetics and Design: Conversations for Action, 2017

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 33 Cybernetics is a necessary foundation for 21st century design practice.

–– Dubberly & Pangaro, Cybernetics and Design: Conversations for Action, 2017

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 34 If design, then systems: • The prominence of digital technology in daily life cannot be denied (or reversed). Digital technology comprises systems of systems (Internet of Things). • Design has expanded from giving-form to creating systems that support interactions. Human interactions span thinking and acting, whether mundane or metaphysical. We must model and tame this complex mesh of mechanisms. Therefore: systems literacy is a necessary foundation for design.

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 35 If design, then systems.

If systems, then cybernetics: • Digital interactions comprise reliable connections, communication, and feedback. Human interactions comprise purpose, feedback, and learning. • The science of communication and feedback, interaction and purpose, is cybernetics. We must model communication and intention in a common frame. Therefore: cybernetics is a necessary foundation for design.

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 36 If design, then systems.

If systems, then cybernetics.

If cybernetics, then second-order cybernetics: • Framing “wicked challenges” requires articulating human values and viewpoints. Values and viewpoints are subjective. • Designers must offer a persuasive rationale for our subjective viewpoints. • Modeling subjectivity is the province of second-order cybernetics. We must embrace values and subjectivity at the heart of designing. Therefore: second-order cybernetics is a necessary foundation for design.

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 37 If design, then systems.

If systems, then cybernetics.

If cybernetics, then second-order cybernetics.

If second-order cybernetics, then conversation: • Taming “wicked challenges” must be grounded in argumentation. • Argumentation requires conversation so that participants may understand and agree. • Agreement is necessary for collaboration and effective action. We must embrace argumentation and collaboration to the heart of 21st-century design. Therefore: conversation is a necessary foundation for design. 38 If design, then systems.

If systems, then cybernetics.

If cybernetics, then second-order cybernetics.

If second-order cybernetics, then conversation.

–– Dubberly & Pangaro, Cybernetics and Design: Conversations for Action, 2017

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 39 “Design is the action; Second-order Cybernetics is the explanation.”

–– Ranulph Glanville

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 40

Heinz von Foerster

photo by Robert Knisely 1989

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 41 Gordon Pask Heinz von Foerster

photo by Robert Knisely 1989

HeinzHeinz von von Foerster Foerster ’17 ’17 / Vienna/ Vienna June June 2017 2017 / Paul/ Paul Pangaro Pangaro 42 Gordon Pask Heinz von Foerster

photo by Robert Knisely 1989

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 43 Ranulph Glanville Gordon Pask G. Spencer-Brown

photo by Paul Pangaro 1990

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 44 Ranulph Glanville Gordon Pask G. Spencer-Brown

photo by Paul Pangaro 1990

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 45 Gordon Pask Paul Pangaro

~1986

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 46 Conversation

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Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 55 Conversation for Design

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 56 Conversation for Design

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 57 Design…

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 58 Design… from Thinking to Conversation

Design Thinking

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 59 What is the process of Design Thinking?

Observe

Brainstorm

Prototype

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 60 What Does that mean?

Ethnography Observe

Open-ended idea generation Brainstorm

Making and Prototype testing

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 61 What Does that mean?

Observe

Brainstorm Evaluate Prototype

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 62 What Does that mean?

Observe

Brainstorm Iterate Evaluate Prototype

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 63 Limitations

Observe Speciﬁc? Rigorous? Brainstorm

Repeatable? Iterate Evaluate Prototype

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 64 Evaluate…

Design the Observe Measure Conversations Improvements for Users Find a Focusing Brainstorm Question Iterate Evaluate PrototypePrototype a Solution

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 65 Iterate & Evaluate

Design the Observe Measure Conversations Improvements for Users Find a Focusing Brainstorm Measure Question Iterate

Convergence Evaluate on design goals PrototypePrototype a Solution

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 66 Iterate & Evaluate

Design the Measure Conversations Improvements for Users ConversationFind a Focusing to Measure AgreeQuestion on Means Iterate

Convergence Evaluate on design goals

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 67 Conversation is the core

Measure Improvements for Users Conversation to

Measure Agree on Means Convergence on design goals

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 68 Conversation is the core

Measure Improvements for Users Conversation to

Measure Agree on Means Convergence on design goals

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 69 Design… from Thinking to Conversation

Design Thinking

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 70 Rethinking Design Thinking

Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 71 Design as Conversation

Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 72 Design as Conversation … achieve this? Conversation to Agree on Goals Iterate Evaluate

Does doing this Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 73 Design as Conversation

Conversation to Agree on Goals

Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 74 Design as Conversation

Conversation to Agree on Goals

Do we have suﬃcient variety… to achieve this?

Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 75 Design as Conversation

Conversation Conversation Iterate to Design the to Agree on Designing Evaluate Goals

Do we have suﬃcient variety… to achieve this?

Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 76 Design as Conversation

Conversation Conversation Iterate to Design the to Agree on Designing Evaluate Goals Iterate Evaluate

Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 77 Design as Conversation

Conversation Conversation Iterate to Design the to Agree on Designing Evaluate Goals

Do we have suﬃcient variety… Iterate Evaluate Iterate Evaluate

…to achieve this? Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 78 1. Bottom-up approach: Keep asking the important questions that ensure the right participants and the right information in every conversation.

What did we learn?

BUILDS NEW CONVERSATION KNOWLEDGE e,e,e... What questions do we answer next? PARTICIPANTS BECOME

Who can we continue to use DETERMINES ESTABLISHES CRITERIA FOR GOAL FOR e,e,e who are still essential? e,e,e SELECTION e,e,e What expertise do we need MECHANISM FEEDS NEXT CONVERSATION e,e,e to answer those questions? e,e,e... POSSIBLE PARTICIPANTS What information do we need to answer those questions?

EXTERNAL INFORMATION

Given the conversation we’ve just had, focus on the In short, given where we want to go: questions above to make the next conversation successful. Who are the necessary and sufficient participants?

What is the necessary and sufficient information? Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 79 1. Bottom-up approach: Keep asking the important questions that ensure the right participants and the right information in every conversation.

What did we learn?

BUILDS NEW CONVERSATION KNOWLEDGE e,e,e... What questions do we answer next? PARTICIPANTS BECOME

EXTERNAL INFORMATION

What is the necessary and sufficient information? Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 80 1. Bottom-up approach: Keep asking the important questions that ensure the right participants and the right information in every conversation.

What did we learn?

BUILDS NEW CONVERSATION KNOWLEDGE e,e,e... What questions do we answer next? PARTICIPANTS BECOME

EXTERNAL INFORMATION

What is the necessary and sufficient information? Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 81 1. Bottom-up approach: Keep asking the important questions that ensure the right participants and the right information in every conversation.

What did we learn?

BUILDS NEW CONVERSATION KNOWLEDGE e,e,e... What questions do we answer next? PARTICIPANTS BECOME

EXTERNAL INFORMATION

What is the necessary and sufficient information? Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 82 1. Bottom-up approach: Keep asking the important questions that ensure the right participants and the right information in every conversation.

What did we learn?

BUILDS NEW CONVERSATION KNOWLEDGE e,e,e... What questions do we answer next? PARTICIPANTS BECOME

EXTERNAL INFORMATION

What is the necessary and sufficient information? Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 83 1. Bottom-up approach: Keep asking the important questions that ensure the right participants and the right information in every conversation.

What did we learn?

BUILDS NEW CONVERSATION KNOWLEDGE e,e,e... What questions do we answer next? PARTICIPANTS BECOME

EXTERNAL INFORMATION

What is the necessary and sufficient information? Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 84 Client Engagement can be modeled as a series of stages—catalyst, ideation, solution, delivery, and evaluation—each with specific goals, and therefore specific requirements for participants and information to feed the next conversation. catalyst ideation solution delivery evaluation 1. Bottom-up approach: Keep asking the important questions that ensure the right participants and the right information in every conversation. INITIAL AGENCY CLIENT GOALS e,... What did we learn? UNPREDICTABLE CONTACT CONVERSATION BUILDS NEW WITH AGENCY KNOWLEDGE e,e,e... What questions do we answer next? PARTICIPANTS BECOME NECESSARY IDENTIFY NECESSARY ROLES Who can we continue to use DETERMINESPARTICIPANTS ESTABLISHES CRITERIA FOR GOAL FOR AND EXPERTISEwho are still essential? e,e,e “BEFORE” FEEDBACK ADJUSTMENT e,e,e SELECTION e,e,e What expertise do we need SELECTMECHANISM FEEDS AGENCYNEXT CONVERSATION CLIENT & e,e,COREe to answer those questions? e,e,e...e,e,e... “AFTER” POSSIBLEROLES PARTICIPANTS NECESSARY INFORMATIONWhat information do we need to answer those questions?

EXTERNAL INFORMATION

Given the conversation we’ve just had, focus on the In short, given where we want to go: questions above to make the next conversation successful. Who are the necessary and sufficient participants? 360° OPTIMIZATION What is the necessary and sufficient information? SELECT AGENCY CLIENT SOLUTION CORE e,e,e,e... PLAN ROLES

360° SELECT AGENCY CLIENT CORE DEPLOYMENT ROLES e,e,e,e,e...

PARTICIPANTS

SELECT AGENCY CLIENT CORE ROLES e,e,e,... MEASURING IMPACT The engagement lifecycle moves through a series of stages, Useful stages that apply across most engagement types are: albeit not always smoothly. - catalyst stage (first interaction): initial contact with client - ideation: building a model of desired outcomes OUTCOMES HeinzCore von Foersterroles—often ’17 / Vienna the June “triumvirate” 2017 / Paul Pangaro of account, planning, and - solution: creating a plan to achieve the outcomes 85 creative, but increasingly specialized to a given 360° - delivery: executing the plan, deploying the solution engagement—are responsible for driving to results, and for - evaluation: measuring against goals, then adjusting. communicating across stages and across agency and client groups. 14 Design as Conversation

Conversation Conversation Iterate to Design the to Agree on Designing Evaluate Goals

Iterate Evaluate Iterate Evaluate

Conversation ? to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 86 Design as Conversation

Conversation Conversation Iterate to Design the to Agree on Designing Evaluate Goals

Iterate Evaluate Iterate Evaluate

Conversation ? to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 87 Design as Conversation

Conversation Conversation Iterate to Design the to Agree on Designing Evaluate Goals

Iterate Evaluate Iterate Evaluate Iterate Evaluate

Conversation Iterate ? to Agree on Evaluate Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 88 Heinz von Foerster Paul Pangaro

1993

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 89 Heinz von Foerster Paul Pangaro Michael Geoghegan

1993

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 90 Don Schön Paul Pangaro Michael Geoghegan Gordon Pask Frank Galuszka

1993

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 91 2002 http://pangaro.com/leadership-language-regenerating-organizations.html

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 92

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 98 Design as Conversation

Conversation Conversation Iterate to Design the to Agree on Designing Evaluate Goals

Iterate Evaluate Iterate Evaluate Iterate Evaluate

Conversation Iterate ? to Agree on Evaluate Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 99 Design as Conversation

Conversation Conversation Iterate to Design the to Agree on Designing Evaluate Goals

Iterate Evaluate Iterate Evaluate Iterate Evaluate

Conversation Conversation Iterate to Create New to Agree on Language Evaluate Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 100 Paul Pangaro Stafford Beer

1984

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 101 VSM — Viable System Model

Diagnosing the System for Organizations Staﬀord Beer 1985

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 102 VSM — Viable System Model

Diagnosing the System for Organizations Staﬀord Beer 1985

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 103 Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 104 Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 105 Conversation to Agree on Goals

Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 106 Conversation to Design the Designing

Conversation to Agree on Goals

Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 107 Conversation Conversation to Create to Design the New Designing Language

Conversation to Agree on Goals

Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 108 Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 109 Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 110 Conversation Conversation to Design the to Create New Designing Language

Conversation to Agree on Goals

Conversation to Agree on Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 111 Design as Conversation

Conversation Conversation Iterate to Design the to Agree on Designing Evaluate Goals

Iterate Evaluate Iterate Evaluate Iterate Evaluate

Conversation Conversation Iterate to Create New to Agree on Language Evaluate Means

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 112 We construe design as a conversation for action — that is, as cybernetics.

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 113 We construe design as a conversation for action — that is, as cybernetics.

Action may either conserve or change a situation.

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 114 We construe design as a conversation for action — that is, as cybernetics.

Action may either conserve or change a situation.

In other words, design is a conversation about what to conserve and what to change, a conversation about what we value.

–– Dubberly & Pangaro, Cybernetics and Design: Conversations for Action, 2017

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 115 Humberto Maturana

2016 https://vimeo.com/189999302

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 116 ··.L, : ,j I .. ' ; ! J , t , I • l : '.,

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29 Design = Conversations for Action

If we converse explicitly about goals, we are transparent about frames and values. (This is ethical.)

If we converse about the means to achieve those goals, we more fully engage participants and their abilities, improving outcomes. (This is collaborative.)

If we converse to co-evolve new language, we can escape the limitations of current viewpoints, and create new frames and new possibilities. (This is innovative.)

If we converse about the design process, we enter all our conversations as participants, answerable for our actions. (This is responsible.)

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 118 Design = Conversations for Action

If we converse explicitly about goals, we are transparent about frames and values. (To agree on goals is ethical.)

If we converse about the means to achieve those goals, we more fully engage participants and their abilities, improving outcomes. (To agree on means is collaborative.)

If we converse to co-evolve new language, we can escape the limitations of current viewpoints, and create new frames and new possibilities. (To create new language is innovative.)

If we converse about the design process, we enter all our conversations as participants, answerable for our actions. (To design the designing is responsible.)

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 119 Design = Conversations for Action

If we converse explicitly about goals, we are transparent about frames and values. (To agree on goals is ethical.)

If we converse to agree on means to achieve those goals, we more fully engage participants and their abilities, improving outcomes. (To agree on means is collaborative.)

If we converse to co-evolve new language, we can escape the limitations of current viewpoints, and create new frames and new possibilities. (To create new language is innovative.)

If we converse to agree on the design process, we enter all our conversations as participants, answerable for our actions. (To design the designing is responsible.)

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 120 Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 121 Design of Conversations for Action

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 122 Energy Global warming Challenges Water of Food 21st-Century Population Design Health Equality Social justice

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 123 Energy Global warming Challenges Water to Food 21st-Century Population Design Health Equality Social justice

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 124 Energy Global warming Challenges Water Simple problems to Food Complex problems 21st-Century Population “Wicked problems”* Design Health Equality Social justice

* In the strict sense of Rittel & Webber

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 125 Second-order Design = Design for Conversation

The goal of second-order design is to facilitate the emergence of conditions in which others can design — to create conditions in which conversations can emerge — and thus to increase the number of choices open to all.

–– Dubberly & Pangaro, Cybernetics and Design: Conversations for Action, 2017

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 126 “I shall act always so as to increase the total number of choices.”

— Ethical Imperative, Heinz von Foerster

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 127 “If you desire to see, learn how to act.”

— Aesthetic Imperative, Heinz von Foerster

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 128 Edith Ackermann

2014 https://vimeo.com/104178407

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 129 Mai von Foerster Heinz von Foerster

Thank you all.

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 130 Designing Our World: Cybernetics as Conversation for Action

Special Thanks to: Albert Müller Marianne Ertl Allenna Leonard Hugh Dubberly Ranulph Glanville Pooja Upadhyay

See pangaro.com/hvf17/ for slides and references

Paul Pangaro, Ph.D. Chair and Associate Professor MFA Interaction Design Program College for Creative Studies, Detroit [email protected]

HeinzRSD5 von / Toronto, Foerster Canada ’17 / Vienna / Paul June Pangaro 2017 // DesigningPaul Pangaro Conversations for Socially-Conscious Design 131 Questions for Heinz #1

What is the ratio of information vs. noise for 1 billion daily users on Facebook?

Questions for Heinz #2

As the population increases, what is the consequence of that ratio?

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 132 Mai von Foerster Heinz von Foerster

Thank you all.

Heinz von Foerster ’17 / Vienna June 2017 / Paul Pangaro 133