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Characterization of Dynamic Structures Using Parametric and Non-Parametric System Identification Methods

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Characterization of Dynamic Structures Using Parametric and Non-Parametric System Identification Methods University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2014 Characterization of Dynamic Structures Using Parametric and Non-parametric System Identification Methods Ayad Al Rumaithi University of Central Florida Part of the Civil Engineering Commons, Geotechnical Engineering Commons, and the Structural Engineering Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Al Rumaithi, Ayad, "Characterization of Dynamic Structures Using Parametric and Non-parametric System Identification Methods" (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 1325. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/1325 CHARACTERIZATION OF DYNAMICS STRUCTURES USING PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION METHODS by AYAD AL-RUMAITHI B.S. University of Baghdad, 2010 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2014 Major Professor: Hae-Bum Yun ©2014 Ayad Al-Rumaithi ii ABSTRACT The effects of soil-foundation-structure (SFS) interaction and extreme loading on structural behaviors are important issues in structural dynamics. System identification is an important technique to characterize linear and nonlinear dynamic structures. The identification methods are usually classified into the parametric and non-parametric approaches based on how to model dynamic systems. The objective of this study is to characterize the dynamic behaviors of two realistic civil engineering structures in SFS configuration and subjected to impact loading by comparing different parametric and non- parametric identification results. First, SFS building models were studied to investigate the effects of the foundation types on the structural behaviors under seismic excitation. Three foundation types were tested including the fixed, pile and box foundations on a hydraulic shake table, and the dynamic responses of the SFS systems were measured with the instrumented sensing devices. Parametric modal analysis methods, including NExT-ERA, DSSI, and SSI, were studied as linear identification methods whose governing equations were modeled based on linear equations of motion. NExT-ERA, DSSI, and SSI were used to analyze earthquake-induced damage effects on the global behavior of the superstructures for different foundation types. MRFM was also studied to characterize the nonlinear behavior of the superstructure during the seismic events. MRFM is a nonlinear non-parametric identification method which has advantages to characterized local nonlinear behaviors using the interstory stiffness and damping phase diagrams. iii The major findings from the SFS study are: • The investigated modal analysis methods identified the linearized version of the model behavior. The change of global structural behavior induced by the seismic damage could be quantified through the modal parameter identification. The foundation types also affected the identification results due to different SFS interactions. The identification accuracy was reduced as the nonlinear effects due to damage increased. • MRFM could characterize the nonlinear behavior of the interstory restoring forces. The localized damage could be quantified by measuring dissipated energy of each floor. The most severe damage in the superstructure was observed with the fixed foundation. Second, the responses of a full-scale suspension bridge in a ship-bridge collision accident were analyzed to characterize the dynamic properties of the bridge. Three parametric and non-parametric identification methods, NExT-ERA, PCA and ICA were used to process the bridge response data to evaluate the performance of mode decomposition of these methods for traffic, no-traffic, and collision loading conditions. The PCA and ICA identification results were compared with those of NExT-ERA method for different excitation, response types, system damping and sensor spatial resolution. The major findings from the ship-bridge collision study include • PCA was able to characterize the mode shapes and modal coordinates for velocity and displacement responses. The results using the acceleration were less accurate. The inter-channel correlation and sensor spatial resolution had significant effects on the mode decomposition accuracy. iv • ICA showed the lowest performance in this mode decomposition study. It was observed that the excitation type and system characteristics significantly affected the ICA accuracy. v Dedicated to Family and friends vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Hae-Bum Yun for his support and advices in the preparation of this thesis. Without him, this thesis could never been done. He assisted me in every part in my thesis and I am grateful for allowing me to work in his research group. I would also like to thank Dr. Necati Catbas and Dr. Kevin Mackie for being my thesis committee members. I would like to thank all the coauthors of the journal articles in chapters 2, 3 and 4. The journal article: “System Identification of 12-Story Building Models on Different Foundations: Global Damage Quantification Using Linear Methods” is pending for submission and authored by: Ayad Al-Rumaithi, Dr. Yoonhwak Kim, Dr. Peizhen Li, Dr. Ki Tae Park, Dr. Sami F. Masri, and Dr. Hae-Bum Yun. The journal article: “Quantification of Localized Earthquake Damage Effects on Large-Scale Soil- Foundation Superstructure Systems Using Nonlinear Identification Methods” was accepted for publication in the Journal of Earthquake Engineering and authored by: Bryan Paul, Ayad Al-Rumaithi, Dr. Peizhen Li, Dr. Ki Tae Park, Dr. Sami F. Masri, and Dr. Hae-Bum Yun. The journal article: “A comparative Study of Mode Decomposition Using NExT-ERA, PCA and ICA for Different Excitations” was submitted Journal of Engineering Mechanics. The authors are Ayad Al-Rumaithi, Dr. Hae-Bum Yun, and Dr. Sami Masri. I would also like to thank HCED program for sponsoring me and Dr. Alaa Alwan and Prof. Saad Sarsam for their sponsorship. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. xiii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... xix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 1 1.1 Motivation ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................. 3 1.3 Approaches ................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Contribution of the Study.............................................................................. 5 1.5 Scope ............................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF 12-STORY BUILDING MODELS ON DIFFERENT FOUNDATIONS: GLOBAL DAMAGE QUANTIFICATION USING LINEAR METHODS ......................................................... 7 2.1 Abstract ......................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Introduction ................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Large-Scale Shake Table Tests ................................................................... 10 2.4 Time-Domain Modal Analysis Methods .................................................... 14 2.4.1 Deterministic Stochastic Subspace Identification (DSSI) ................... 14 2.4.2 Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) ............................................. 17 viii 2.4.3 Eigen Realization Algorithm with Natural Excitation Technique (NExT- ERA) ......................................................................................................................... 18 2.5 Modal Analysis Results .............................................................................. 22 2.6 Discussion ................................................................................................... 30 2.6.1 Quantification of Identification Errors ................................................. 31 2.6.2 Effects of System Nonlinearity ............................................................ 34 2.6.3 Effects of Foundation Type ................................................................. 38 2.6.4 Effects of Modal Analysis Methods .................................................... 41 2.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 43 2.8 Acknowledgement ...................................................................................... 45 2.9 References ................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTER 3: QUANTIFICATION OF LOCALIZED EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE EFFECTS ON LARGE-SCALE SOIL-FOUNDATION-SUPERSTRUCTURE SYSTEMS USING NONLINEAR IDENTIFICATION METHOD ...............................
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