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Isles of Scilly Survey September 2004 Summary Report

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Isles of Scilly Survey September 2004 Summary Report The table to the right shows how many Phylum Common Name Number Common Species species were recorded in each group of species and some of the most widely Porifera Sponges 25 Boring sponge Cliona celata distributed species. Yellow branching sponge Axinella dissimilis Cnidaria Anemones, corals, 30 Sea beard Nemertesia antennina Sponges hydroids, jellyfish Dead men's fingers Alcyonium digitatum A wide diversity of sponges was Red fingers Alcyonium glomeratum recorded. At most sites sturdy ‘clean Pink sea fan Eunicella verrucosa Plumose anemone Metridium senile water’ species such as the boring Elegant anemone Sagartia elegans sponge, Cliona celata and the Jewel anemone Corynactis viridis hedgehog sponge, Polymastia Devonshire cup coral Caryophyllia smithii boletiformis, predominated. Dry Ledge Platyhelminthes Flatworms 1 was the exception with a much wider Annelida Segmented worms 4 range of species including many more Pycnogonida Sea spiders 1 Crustacea Crabs, lobsters, barnacles 7 Edible crab Cancer pagurus delicate branching forms. The Mollusca Shells, sea slugs, cuttlefish 14 Nudibranch Polycera faeroensis nationally scarce Axinella damicornis Bryozoa Sea mats 7 Sea Mat Membranipora membranacea (below) was common here. Potato crisp bryozoan Pentapora foliacea Echinodermata Starfish, sea urchins, 10 Seven armed starfish Luidia ciliaris sea cucumbers Spiny starfish Marthasterias glacialis Common urchin Echinus esculentus Cottonspinner Holothuria forskali Tunicata Sea squirts 9 Pisces Fishes 18 Pollack Pollachius pollachius Ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta Two spot goby Gobiusculus flavescens Mammalia Mammals (seals & dolphins) 2 CW Algae Seaweeds 18 Cuvie Laminaria hyperborea Angiospermae Flowering Plants 1 Eelgrass Zostera marina Anemones, Corals, Hydroids & Jellyfish Total Species 147 This is the most prominent of the animal groups with huge numbers of Pink sea fans Crabs and Lobsters anemones and soft corals on many of A special study was made of pink sea Crabs and lobsters were not common anywhere Isles of Scilly Survey the rocky walls. fans and detailed records were made in the survey area. However it was good to see Plumose, jewel and elegant anemones of 43 colonies from 8 sites. Sea fans one very large spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas, dominated many surfaces (see cover were not common at any of the sites, as these have become increasingly rare. September 2004 and inside page top left and cover probably because of the exposed Molluscs plumose anemones Yellow cluster bottom left and right). All three species conditions, which may also explain The 14 species recorded included 8 nudibranchs on wreck SS anemones SS thrive in clear water and strong tidal their relatively small size. The largest (sea slugs). These included the sponge streams. species was 58cm x 30cm and was nudibranch, Doris sticta, which is nationally Summary Report Amongst uncommon anemones was growing in a bushy form which occurs scarce. the Yellow cluster anemone, when local micro-currents come from Fishes Parazoanthus anxinellae (cover mid a number of different directions. The most common fishes in the study area were right and the very rare Sea fan Seven of the colonies (16%) were wrasses with two species found at most sites anemone, Ampthianthus dohrnii, white in colour rather then pink and 9 (ballan and cuckoo wrasse). Pollack and two (below) found on a single sea fan at (21%) had sea fan sea slug adults or spot gobies were the most commonly recorded Flat Ledge and which does not appear egg masses attached. of the other fish species. to have been recorded from the Isles of Nationally Rare and Scarce species Scilly before. Starfish, Sea urchins and Sea cucumbers Species Designation Where found Whilst the diversity of Sponge echinoderms was low, the Axinella damicornis scarce Occasional - 3 sites seven armed starfish, Pink sea fan Luidia ciliaris, spiny Eunicella verrucosa scarce/BAP Most sites. Small numbers. Yellow cluster anemone starfish, Marthasterias Parazoanthus axinellae scarce Dry Ledge only but frequent here glacialis, common sea Sea fan anemone u r c h i n , E c h i n u s Amphianthus dohrnii rare//BAP Flat Ledge only. Rare pink sea fan survey SS SS e s c u l e n t u s , a n d Scarlet and gold star coral atlantic grey seal CW Balanophyllia regia scarce Menawethan only. Occasional The nationally rare sunset cup coral, cottonspinner, Holothuria Sunset coral Leptopsammia pruvoti, was recorded forskali were commonly Leptopsammia pruvoti rare/BAP Wreck of Cita only. Rare from one site. It has been seen at other recorded. These are all Sponge nudibranch sites in the Isles of Scilly, which is one typical south-westerly Doris sticta scarce White Island only. Rare Nationally rare and scare as defined by JNCC. of only four areas it is known to occur species. BAP = Biodiversity Action Plan . in the UK. This Seasearch survey was organised as a part of the Marine Seasearch is a volunteer underwater survey project for Conservation Society’s Member’s Dives Programme. recreational divers to contribute to the conservation of the marine environment. Financial support for the project during Surveyors taking part were: Vicki Billings, Alison 2004/5 and for the production of this summary report has been Fish, Mike Flavell, Jane & Stella Meesters, Sally given by: Sharrock and Chris Wood. We would like to thank Tim Allsop for putting us on the sites. This report has been prepared by Chris Wood. Photographs are by Mike Flavell (MF), Sally Sharrock (SS) and Chris Wood (CW). elegant anemones CW plumose, jewel and elegant anemones MF North of White Island East Withan Flat Ledge On one small ledge was a group of pink sea fans one This is a very exposed site and The site was on the sheltered, This site has a beautiful vertical with a group of the rare sea fan deep ocean swells were present southern, side of the rock and wall with a series of small anemones present. at the time of the dive. comprised a steep face to 25m with terraces at different depths. As The top of the reef was 17m large boulders below. The site has a many similar sites, the wall deep and below this were more sediment than the more was festooned with plumose, dramatic walls down to about exposed sites and there is a good jewel and elegant anemones 60m. The walls were covered in ranges of sponges present, though sponge Homaxinella subdola CW and there were many red anemones, especially jewels, far fewer anemones. fingers, potato crisp bryozoans plumose and elegant. Large and boring sponges. colonies of the potato crisp 2 pink sea fan CW jewel anemones CW bryozoan were also present. Hard Lewis Rocks Tean Sound These rocks reach the surface Next to the King Cadwallon is Tean Sound is a shallow gap 3 at low water and we dived two a wall from 30 metres depth to between islands and has a 4 wrecks, the King Cadwallon and the surface, densely covered seabed of sand and gravel. 1 the Juno, as well as exploring in anemones and soft corals. The site is notable for the large the adjacent rocky walls. Around the Juno the rocky number of sediment dwelling 5 The remains of the King surfaces are less steep and anemones. These include daisy Cerinathus lloydii MF St Martins Cadwallon are covered in there were extensive kelp and burrowing anemones and plumose anemones (see cover forests to a depth of 15m. The two shallow water species, the top left) red fingers, Devonshire main kelp plant here was gem anemone Aulactinia 1 cup corals, potato crisp Laminaria ochroleuca but L. verrucosa and Anthopleura ballii. Tresco bryozoans and there are a good hyperborea and Saccorhiza Hermit crabs with the parasitic Eastern Isles number of pink sea fans, both polyschides were also anemone were also common. the pink and white colour forms. present. In shallow water there is a dense and healthy bed of eelgrass, Menawethan Zostera marina, a BAP habitat. Anthopleura ballii MF 6 Life on the rocks included the This is a shallow site consisting nationally scarce scarlet and of large, kelp covered, boulders gold cup coral. Balanophyllia The surrounding seabed has rocky Wreck of the Cita with gullies between. The regia (below). walls and large boulders. The adjacent rocks are a popular The Cita was a merchant vessel walls are covered in jewel haul out for Atlantic grey seals which sank as recently as 1997. anemones and there are large which were also much in The wreckage is now covered colonies of potato crisp bryozoans. evidence underwater, treating with marine life with a kelp forest On the boulders we found a single our divers to many inquisitive on the upward facing surfaces sunset coral, Leptopsammia St Marys 7 encounters (see cover mid and large numbers of plumose pruvoti, a nationally rare species, right. CW anemones, red fingers and cup as well as many of the more corals on the vertical and common Devonshire cup corals. overhanging surfaces. Dry Ledge Reef Twenty one different sponges 8 This site is relatively sheltered were recorded, including This site has a promontory running South Gilstone Reef compared to other steep rock nationally scarce Axinella south from the Gilstone rock with sites around the islands and damicornis. Amongst other precipitous faces on three sides at its there was a light covering of silt species seen was the cup southern end which go down to at least on many of the surfaces. This s h a p e d A x i n e l l a 40metres. 9 has a big impact on the variety infundibuliformis shown The faces are dominated by plumose of marine life which occurs. below. anemones with other anemones and Two notable features were the red fingers very common. The small Survey sites extensive covering of silty ledges have a variety of sponges The sites surveyed were limited by strong winds throughout the week worm tubes across most present.
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