Development of a Hard Substratum Benthic
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The Ascidians of Tossa De Mar (NE Spain) II.- Biological Cycles of the Colonial Species
Cah. Biol. Mar. (1988),29: 407-418 Roscoff The ascidians of Tossa de Mar (NE Spain) II.- Biological cycles of the colonial species x. Turon Dep!. of Animal Biology (Vertebrates). Fac. of Biology. Univ. of Barcclona. Avgda. Diagonal, 645. 08028 Barcelona. Spain. Abstract : The ascidians from a locality on the Spanish NE coast were sampled from November 1984 until January 1986, with the aim of studying their biological cycles. Only the results conceming the co lonial species will be presented here. The samplings were performed twice a month, and the relative abundance, reproductivc statc and presence of resistance forms of the compound ascidian species were evaluated. Many species feature seasonal variations in abundance and even disappear from the samples in the unfavourable season. The reproductive periods are always restricted to a certain part of the year and they are strongly correlated with the biogeographical distribution of the species. The tempe rature ap pears as the main factor controlling ascidian reproduction. Notes are made on the significance of the resistance forms in the families Polyclinidae and Didemnidae. Résumé: Les ascidics présentes dans les fonds rocheux d'une localité de la côte NE espagnole ont été étudiées depuis novembrc 1984 jusqu'à janvier 1986, dans Ic but de préciser leurs cycles biologiques. Dans ce travail, seuls les résultats correspondant à des espèces coloniales seront présentés. L'abondance relative, les périodes de reproduction sexuée et la présence de formes de résistance ont été évaluées deux fois par mois pendant l'étude. Beaucoup d'espèces montrcnt des variations saisonnières d'abondance, et quelques-unes même dis paraissent pendant la saison défavorable. -
Colonial Tunicates: Species Guide
SPECIES IN DEPTH Colonial Tunicates Colonial Tunicates Tunicates are small marine filter feeder animals that have an inhalant siphon, which takes in water, and an exhalant siphon that expels water once it has trapped food particles. Tunicates get their name from the tough, nonliving tunic formed from a cellulose-like material of carbohydrates and proteins that surrounds their bodies. Their other name, sea squirts, comes from the fact that many species will shoot LambertGretchen water out of their bodies when disturbed. Massively lobate colony of Didemnum sp. A growing on a rope in Sausalito, in San Francisco Bay. A colony of tunicates is comprised of many tiny sea squirts called zooids. These INVASIVE SEA SQUIRTS individuals are arranged in groups called systems, which form interconnected Star sea squirts (Botryllus schlosseri) are so named because colonies. Systems of these filter feeders the systems arrange themselves in a star. Zooids are shaped share a common area for expelling water like ovals or teardrops and then group together in small instead of having individual excurrent circles of about 20 individuals. This species occurs in a wide siphons. Individuals and systems are all variety of colors: orange, yellow, red, white, purple, grayish encased in a matrix that is often clear and green, or black. The larvae each have eight papillae, or fleshy full of blood vessels. All ascidian tunicates projections that help them attach to a substrate. have a tadpole-like larva that swims for Chain sea squirts (Botryloides violaceus) have elongated, less than a day before attaching itself to circular systems. Each system can have dozens of zooids. -
A Radical Solution: the Phylogeny of the Nudibranch Family Fionidae
RESEARCH ARTICLE A Radical Solution: The Phylogeny of the Nudibranch Family Fionidae Kristen Cella1, Leila Carmona2*, Irina Ekimova3,4, Anton Chichvarkhin3,5, Dimitry Schepetov6, Terrence M. Gosliner1 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, 3 Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia, 4 Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 5 A.V. Zhirmunsky Instutute of Marine Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 6 National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia a11111 * [email protected] Abstract Tergipedidae represents a diverse and successful group of aeolid nudibranchs, with approx- imately 200 species distributed throughout most marine ecosystems and spanning all bio- OPEN ACCESS geographical regions of the oceans. However, the systematics of this family remains poorly Citation: Cella K, Carmona L, Ekimova I, understood since no modern phylogenetic study has been undertaken to support any of the Chichvarkhin A, Schepetov D, Gosliner TM (2016) A Radical Solution: The Phylogeny of the proposed classifications. The present study is the first molecular phylogeny of Tergipedidae Nudibranch Family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11(12): based on partial sequences of two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) genes and one nuclear e0167800. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167800 gene (H3). Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis were con- Editor: Geerat J. Vermeij, University of California, ducted in order to elucidate the systematics of this family. Our results do not recover the tra- UNITED STATES ditional Tergipedidae as monophyletic, since it belongs to a larger clade that includes the Received: July 7, 2016 families Eubranchidae, Fionidae and Calmidae. -
Documenti Del Gruppo Malacologico Livornese
Documenti del Gruppo Malacologico Livornese Enzo Campani Aplysiidae, Dolabriferidae e Pleurobranchidae in Mediterraneo Aprile 1998 Pleurobranchidae de Férussac, 1822 Genus Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804 Pleurobranchus forskalii (Rueppel & Leuckart, 1831) Non dispongo di una foto della conchiglia e non so se la possiede. Riporto questo taxon solo perché compare nel “Catalogo annotato” mediterraneo. Non è riportato da Thompson né da Pruvot-Fol per il Mediterraneo; compare invece sul CLEMAM. Pleurobranchus membranaceus (Montagu 1815) La foto rappresenta un esemplare di piccola taglia (3 cm) presumibilmente giovanile da me raccolto in località Antignano Miramare, il cui aspetto corrisponde poco alla descrizione della forma adulta per avere un mantello che ricopre quasi interamente il piede, mentre nell’adulto questo è debordante su tutti lati. Tuttavia l’epidermide è cosparsa di piccoli tubercoli retrattili come nell’adulto. La forma della conchiglia corrisponde poi a quella raffigurata in Pruvot-Fol, con spira praticamente assente. In Thompson invece la conchiglia ha un aspetto diverso, ma è riferita ad esemplare molto giovane di pochi millimetri. Il colore della conchiglia fresca è rosato-ocraceo e le dimensioni sono circa pari a metà di quelle dell’animale. Pleurobranchus testudinarius Cantraine, 1835 Non ho mai trovato questa specie e la foto proviene dalle ricerche via Internet. L’aspetto del mollusco è tipico per la serie di grossi tubercoli a base poligonale presenti sull’epidermide e per la profonda incisione del lato anteriore del mantello nella quale compaiono i rinofori. La conchiglia dovrebbe essere presente solo allo stadio giovanile, ma il condizionale è d’obbligo; il suo aspetto è simile a quello della conchiglia della specie precedente ed è ben raffigurata in Pruvot-Fol. -
Phylum MOLLUSCA
285 MOLLUSCA: SOLENOGASTRES-POLYPLACOPHORA Phylum MOLLUSCA Class SOLENOGASTRES Family Lepidomeniidae NEMATOMENIA BANYULENSIS (Pruvot, 1891, p. 715, as Dondersia) Occasionally on Lafoea dumosa (R.A.T., S.P., E.J.A.): at 4 positions S.W. of Eddystone, 42-49 fm., on Lafoea dumosa (Crawshay, 1912, p. 368): Eddystone, 29 fm., 1920 (R.W.): 7, 3, 1 and 1 in 4 hauls N.E. of Eddystone, 1948 (V.F.) Breeding: gonads ripe in Aug. (R.A.T.) Family Neomeniidae NEOMENIA CARINATA Tullberg, 1875, p. 1 One specimen Rame-Eddystone Grounds, 29.12.49 (V.F.) Family Proneomeniidae PRONEOMENIA AGLAOPHENIAE Kovalevsky and Marion [Pruvot, 1891, p. 720] Common on Thecocarpus myriophyllum, generally coiled around the base of the stem of the hydroid (S.P., E.J.A.): at 4 positions S.W. of Eddystone, 43-49 fm. (Crawshay, 1912, p. 367): S. of Rame Head, 27 fm., 1920 (R.W.): N. of Eddystone, 29.3.33 (A.J.S.) Class POLYPLACOPHORA (=LORICATA) Family Lepidopleuridae LEPIDOPLEURUS ASELLUS (Gmelin) [Forbes and Hanley, 1849, II, p. 407, as Chiton; Matthews, 1953, p. 246] Abundant, 15-30 fm., especially on muddy gravel (S.P.): at 9 positions S.W. of Eddystone, 40-43 fm. (Crawshay, 1912, p. 368, as Craspedochilus onyx) SALCOMBE. Common in dredge material (Allen and Todd, 1900, p. 210) LEPIDOPLEURUS, CANCELLATUS (Sowerby) [Forbes and Hanley, 1849, II, p. 410, as Chiton; Matthews. 1953, p. 246] Wembury West Reef, three specimens at E.L.W.S.T. by J. Brady, 28.3.56 (G.M.S.) Family Lepidochitonidae TONICELLA RUBRA (L.) [Forbes and Hanley, 1849, II, p. -
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1. -
Development and Application of a Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for the Globally Invasive Tunicate Styela Clava
Management of Biological Invasions (2014) Volume 5, Issue 2: 133–142 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2014.5.2.06 Open Access © 2014 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2014 REABIC Research Article Development and application of a quantitative real-time PCR assay for the globally invasive tunicate Styela clava Joanne E. Gillum1, Laura Jimenez1, Daniel J. White1,2, Sharyn J. Goldstien3 and Neil J. Gemmell1* 1Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Dept. of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand 2Biodiversity and Conservation, Landcare Research New Zealand, Auckland 1072, New Zealand 3School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand E-mail: [email protected] (JEG), [email protected] (LJ), WhiteD@[email protected] (DJW), [email protected] (SJG), [email protected] (NJG) *Corresponding author Received: 1 October 2013 / Accepted: 29 April 2014 / Published online: 6 June 2014 Handling editor: Richard Piola Abstract Styela clava Herdman, 1881, is a solitary ascidian native to the Northwest Pacific, which has spread globally over the past 90 years, reaching pest levels and causing concern to the aquaculture industry in some regions. It has a relatively short-lived larval stage, spending only limited time in the water column before settling on a desirable substrate. Early detection of this species is an important step in both the prevention of its spread and of successful eradication. Here we report the development of a qPCR based assay, targeted to a region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene, using TaqMan® MGB, for the early identification of S. -
Settlement and Succession on Rocky Shores at Auckland, North Island, New Zealand
ISSN 0083-7903, 70 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 70 (Online) Settlement and Succession on Rocky Shores at Auckland, North Island, New Zealand by PENELOPE A. LUCKENS New Zealand Oceanographic.Institute Memoir No. 70 1976 NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH Settlement and Succession on Rocky Shores at Auckland, North Island, New Zealand by PENELOPE A. LUCKENS New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Wellington New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 70 1976 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Citation according to World List of Scientific Periodicals ( 4th edn.): Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 70 New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 70 ISSN 0083-7903 Edited by Q. W. Ruscoe and D. J. Zwartz, Science Information Division, DSIR Received for publication May 1969 © Crown Copyright 1976 A. R. SHEARER, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - 1976 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS Abstract page 5 Introduction .. 5 The experimental areas Location and physical structure Tidal phenomena 9 Terminology 9 General zonation pattern at the localities sampled 9 Methods 11 Settlement seasons 12 Organisms settling in the experimental areas (Table 1) 15 Factors affecting settlement of some of the organisms 42 Changes observed after clearance of the experimental areas .. 44 Temporal succession .. 60 Climax populations 60 Summary 61 Acknowledgments 61 Appendix 62 References 63 Index 64 3 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. -
De Novo Draft Assembly of the Botrylloides Leachii Genome
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/152983; this version posted June 21, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 De novo draft assembly of the Botrylloides leachii genome 2 provides further insight into tunicate evolution. 3 4 Simon Blanchoud1#, Kim Rutherford2, Lisa Zondag1, Neil Gemmell2 and Megan J Wilson1* 5 6 1 Developmental Biology and Genomics Laboratory 7 2 8 Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9 Dunedin 9054, New Zealand 10 # Current address: Department of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland 11 12 * Corresponding author: 13 Email: [email protected] 14 Ph. +64 3 4704695 15 Fax: +64 479 7254 16 17 Keywords: chordate, regeneration, Botrylloides leachii, ascidian, tunicate, genome, evolution 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/152983; this version posted June 21, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 18 Abstract (250 words) 19 Tunicates are marine invertebrates that compose the closest phylogenetic group to the 20 vertebrates. This chordate subphylum contains a particularly diverse range of reproductive 21 methods, regenerative abilities and life-history strategies. Consequently, tunicates provide an 22 extraordinary perspective into the emergence and diversity of chordate traits. Currently 23 published tunicate genomes include three Phlebobranchiae, one Thaliacean, one Larvacean 24 and one Stolidobranchian. To gain further insights into the evolution of the tunicate phylum, 25 we have sequenced the genome of the colonial Stolidobranchian Botrylloides leachii. -
Ctenostomatous Bryozoa from São Paulo, Brazil, with Descriptions of Twelve New Species
Zootaxa 3889 (4): 485–524 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3889.4.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0256CD93-AE8A-475F-8EB7-2418DF510AC2 Ctenostomatous Bryozoa from São Paulo, Brazil, with descriptions of twelve new species LEANDRO M. VIEIRA1,2, ALVARO E. MIGOTTO2 & JUDITH E. WINSTON3 1Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP 11600–000, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This paper describes 21 ctenostomatous bryozoans from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, based on specimens observed in vivo. A new family, Jebramellidae n. fam., is erected for a newly described genus and species, Jebramella angusta n. gen. et sp. Eleven other species are described as new: Alcyonidium exiguum n. sp., Alcyonidium pulvinatum n. sp., Alcyonidium torquatum n. sp., Alcyonidium vitreum n. sp., Bowerbankia ernsti n. sp., Bowerbankia evelinae n. sp., Bow- erbankia mobilis n. sp., Nolella elizae n. sp., Panolicella brasiliensis n. sp., Sundanella rosea n. sp., Victorella araceae n. sp. Taxonomic and ecological notes are also included for nine previously described species: Aeverrillia setigera (Hincks, 1887), Alcyonidium hauffi Marcus, 1939, Alcyonidium polypylum Marcus, 1941, Anguinella palmata van Beneden, 1845, Arachnoidella evelinae (Marcus, 1937), Bantariella firmata (Marcus, 1938) n. comb., Nolella sawayai Marcus, 1938, Nolella stipata Gosse, 1855 and Zoobotryon verticillatum (delle Chiaje, 1822). -
Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles
MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Sponges, shade-tolerant red seaweeds and Dendrodoa grossularia on wave-surged overhanging lower eulittoral bedrock and caves MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Marine Evidence–based Sensitivity Assessment (MarESA) Review John Readman 2020-01-24 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitats/detail/1203]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: Readman, J.A.J., 2020. Sponges, shade-tolerant red seaweeds and [Dendrodoa grossularia] on wave- surged overhanging lower eulittoral bedrock and caves. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinhab.1203.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this -
Rocky Shore Snails As Material for Projects (With a Key for Their Identification)
Field Studies, 10, (2003) 601 - 634 ROCKY SHORE SNAILS AS MATERIAL FOR PROJECTS (WITH A KEY FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION) J. H. CROTHERS Egypt Cottage, Fair Cross, Washford, Watchet, Somerset TA23 0LY ABSTRACT Rocky sea shores are amongst the best habitats in which to carry out biological field projects. In that habitat, marine snails (prosobranchs) offer the most opportunities for individual investigations, being easy to find, to identify, to count and to measure and beng sufficiently robust to survive the experience. A key is provided for the identification of the larger species and suggestions are made for investigations to exploit selected features of individual species. INTRODUCTION Rocky sea shores offer one of the best habitats for individual or group investigations. Not only is there de facto public access (once you have got there) but also the physical factors that dominate the environment - tides (inundation versus desiccation), waves, heat, cold, light, dark, salinity etc. - change significantly over a few metres in distance. As a bonus, most of the fauna and flora lives out on the open rock surface and patterns of distribution may be clearly visible to the naked eye. Finally, they are amongst the most ‘natural’ of habitats in the British Isles; unless there has been an oil spill, rocky sea shores are unlikely to have been greatly affected by covert human activity. Some 270 species of marine snail (Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda; Sub-Class Prosobranchia) live in the seas around the British Isles (Graham, 1988) and their empty shells may be found on many beaches. Most of these species are small (less than 3 mm long) or live beneath the tidemarks.