Fossils, Vascular Cryptogams

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

PLANT FOSSILS, VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS LEPIDODENDRON & RELATIVES 1.a. Examine the surface of a Lepidodendron stem. Describe the appearance and pattern of leaf scars and leaf bases. 1.b. Now look at a coal ball peel cross section of a Lepidodendron stem. Do you see evidence of a vascular cambium? How old was your stem? 1.c. Find Stigmaria (the organ-genus for Lepidodendron roots). Sketch a root with rootlet scars. The fossil on demonstration shows the boundary of the stele (the endodermis). How does this fossil suggest that the function of the Lepidodendron root was storage? 1.d. Compare the large root section with the coal ball peels of rootlets. 1.e. Find fossils (impressions and coal ball peels) of Lepidodendron (Lepidophylloides) leaves. Sketch the leaf and its leaf base in the space below. Assume the scale that 1cm = 10cm for you drawing. 1.f. Now look at the lycopod strobilus fossils. Sketch one into the space below. Label: sporophyll, microsporangium, megasporangium, and cone axis. CALAMITES & RELATIVES 2.a. Describe a Calamites stem from fossils on demonstration. How does this structure resemble the stems of Equisetum? 2.b. Now investigate coal ball peel sections of Calamite stems (Arthropitys). In what ways do the stem still resemble those of Equisetum? In what important way do the Calamite stems differ from those of Equisetum? 2.c. Astromyelon is the organ-genus for Calamite roots. How do they differ from the Calamite stems? 2.d. Annularia is the organ-genus associated with the leafy branches of Calamites. How do they resemble the leaves of Equsetum and Sphenophyllum? FERNS 3.a. Locate fossils of a variety of ferns. The primary organs represented include stems, petioles, and leaf sections. Identify the stem sections, particularly those of Psaronius, and locate the stele. What is the stele type? 3.b. Look for tissues in the leaf and petiole sections. What group of ferns do these fossil forms most closely resemble? 4. Examine Zygopteris stem sections. What is the stele type? Make a topographic sketch of a stem in the space below. ARCHAEOPTERIS 5.a. Find fossils of Archaeopteris leafy branches. Study the leaves and add them to the branch system below. 5.b. What is the fundamental difference between this structure and the megaphylls of a fern? 5.c. How do the individual leaves resemble those of Ginkgo?.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Agora Paleobotanica Un Hommage À / a Tribute to Bernard Renault (1836-1904)
Agora Paleobotanica Un hommage à / A tribute to Bernard Renault (1836-1904) 6-9/07/2015, Autun (France) Résumés - Abstracts Agora Paleobotanica Un hommage à / A tribute to Bernard Renault (1836-1904) 6-9/07/2015, Autun (France) Comité d’organisation / Organizing Committee Anais BOURA – Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris Jean BROUTIN – Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris Dominique CHABARD – Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle Jacques de La Comble, Autun Anne-Laure DECOMBEIX – CNRS-UMR AMAP, Montpellier Jean GALTIER – CNRS-UMR AMAP, Montpellier Georges GAND – Université de Bourgogne, Dijon Evelyne JONDOT– Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle Jacques de La Comble, Autun Brigitte MEYER-BERTHAUD – CNRS-UMR AMAP, Montpellier Progamme mis à jour le 29/06 Program updated on 29/06 Progamme mis à jour le 29/06 Program updated on 29/06 LUNDI/MONDAY Museum d’Histoire Naturelle Jacques de La Comble 14 rue Saint-Antoine, Autun. There is another access (backyard & garden) from Impasse Rollet. 16h00-17h30 Accueil des participants Participant arrival 17h30-18h Conférence introductive/ Opening talk Georges GAND. Le Bassin Permien d’Autun 18h-19h30 Allocution de bienvenue du maire - Apéritif de bienvenue Welcome address by the mayor - Welcome drinks Progamme mis à jour le 29/06 Program updated on 29/06 MARDI /TUESDAY Salon d’honneur de la mairie d’Autun/ City Hall Place du Champ de Mars. Session 1: PALEOZOÏQUE I Modérateurs/Chairs: Philippe GERRIENNE & Evelyn KUSTATSCHER 9h00-9h30 Jean GALTIER. Keynote: Bernard Renault (1836-1904), his life, works and paleobotanical heritage. 9h30-9h50 Christine STRULLU-DERRIEN & P. KENRICK. Palaeozoosporites renaultii, a new fungus in the rooting system of the Rhynie Chert plant Asteroxylon mackiei.
[Show full text]
New Paleobotanical Data on the Portuguese Pennsylvanian (Douro Carboniferous Basin, NW Portugal)
Versão online: http://www.lneg.pt/iedt/unidades/16/paginas/26/30/185 Comunicações Geológicas (2014) 101, Especial I, 409-414 IX CNG/2º CoGePLiP, Porto 2014 ISSN: 0873-948X; e-ISSN: 1647-581X New paleobotanical data on the Portuguese Pennsylvanian (Douro Carboniferous Basin, NW Portugal) Novos dados paleobotânicos do Pensilvaniano português (Bacia Carbonífera do Douro, NW Portugal) P. Correia1*, Z. Šimůnek2, J. Pšenička3, A. A. Sá4,5, R. Domingos6, A. Carneiro7, D. Flores1,7 Artigo Curto Short Article © 2014 LNEG – Laboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia IP Abstract: This paper describes nine new macrofloral taxa from 1. Introduction Douro Carboniferous Basin (lower Gzhelian) of Portugal. The plant assemblage is mainly composed by pteridophylls (Sphenopteriss The fossil flora of Carboniferous of Portugal is still little arberi Kidston, Sphenopteris fayoli Zeiller, Sphenopteris tenuis known. The new megafloral occurrences recently found in Schenk, Odontopteris schlotheimii Brongniart), sphenopsids the Upper Pennsylvanian strata of Douro Carboniferous (Annularia spicata Gutbier, Stellotheca robusta (Feistmantel) Basin (DCB) provide new and important data about Surange and Prakash, Calamostachys grandis Zeiller (Jongmans) and Calamostachys calathifera Sterzel) besides the gymnosperm paleobotanical richness and diversity of the Paleozoic Cordaites foliolatus Grand`Eury. The new data provide a better floras of Portugal offering more information to previous understating of the knowledge of Late Carboniferous floras of researches reported from diverse localities and by different Portugal, showing the high plant diversity of Gzhelian floras, when authors (e.g. Wenceslau de Lima, Bernardino António considerable changes in paleogeography and climate dynamics are Gomes, Carlos Ribeiro, Carríngton da Costa, Carlos evidenced in Euramerican floristic assemblages.
[Show full text]
Chapter 2 Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon
CHAPTER 2 PALEOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THE GRAND CANYON PAIGE KERCHER INTRODUCTION The Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon is defined as the time between 542 and 251 million years before the present (ICS 2010). The Paleozoic Era began with the evolution of most major animal phyla present today, sparked by the novel adaptation of skeletal hard parts. Organisms continued to diversify throughout the Paleozoic into increasingly adaptive and complex life forms, including the first vertebrates, terrestrial plants and animals, forests and seed plants, reptiles, and flying insects. Vast coal swamps covered much of mid- to low-latitude continental environments in the late Paleozoic as the supercontinent Pangaea began to amalgamate. The hardiest taxa survived the multiple global glaciations and mass extinctions that have come to define major time boundaries of this era. Paleozoic North America existed primarily at mid to low latitudes and experienced multiple major orogenies and continental collisions. For much of the Paleozoic, North America’s southwestern margin ran through Nevada and Arizona – California did not yet exist (Appendix B). The flat-lying Paleozoic rocks of the Grand Canyon, though incomplete, form a record of a continental margin repeatedly inundated and vacated by shallow seas (Appendix A). IMPORTANT STRATIGRAPHIC PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS • Principle of Original Horizontality – In most cases, depositional processes produce flat-lying sedimentary layers. Notable exceptions include blanketing ash sheets, and cross-stratification developed on sloped surfaces. • Principle of Superposition – In an undisturbed sequence, older strata lie below younger strata; a package of sedimentary layers youngs upward. • Principle of Lateral Continuity – A layer of sediment extends laterally in all directions until it naturally pinches out or abuts the walls of its confining basin.
[Show full text]
South Africa's Coalfields — a 2014 Perspective
International Journal of Coal Geology 132 (2014) 170–254 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Coal Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijcoalgeo South Africa's coalfields — A 2014 perspective P. John Hancox a,⁎,AnnetteE.Götzb,c a University of the Witwatersrand, School of Geosciences and Evolutionary Studies Institute, Private Bag 3, 2050 Wits, South Africa b University of Pretoria, Department of Geology, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa c Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation article info abstract Article history: For well over a century and a half coal has played a vital role in South Africa's economy and currently bituminous Received 7 April 2014 coal is the primary energy source for domestic electricity generation, as well as being the feedstock for the Received in revised form 22 June 2014 production of a substantial percentage of the country's liquid fuels. It furthermore provides a considerable source Accepted 22 June 2014 of foreign revenue from exports. Available online 28 June 2014 Based on geographic considerations, and variations in the sedimentation, origin, formation, distribution and quality of the coals, 19 coalfields are generally recognised in South Africa. This paper provides an updated review Keywords: Gondwana coal of their exploration and exploitation histories, general geology, coal seam nomenclature and coal qualities. With- Permian in the various coalfields autocyclic variability is the norm rather than the exception, whereas allocyclic variability Triassic is much less so, and allows for the correlation of genetically related sequences. During the mid-Jurassic break up Coalfield of Gondwana most of the coal-bearing successions were intruded by dolerite.
[Show full text]
Wec01's SSSS Fossils Test 2019
wec01’s SSSS Fossils Test 2019 Team Name: _________________KEY________________ Team Number: ___KEY___ Team Members: ____________KEY____________, ____________KEY____________ This test consists of 18 stations with a total of 200 points. Each answer is worth one point except where specified otherwise. You are only given 2 ½ minutes with the specimens at each station, however you can work on any station’s questions at any time. Scoring Station 1: ___10___ / 10 Station 10: ___12___ / 12 Station 2: ___10___ / 10 Station 11: ____9___ / 9 Station 3: ___11___ / 11 Station 12: ___11___ / 11 Station 4: ___10___ / 10 Station 13: ___10___ / 10 Station 5: ___10___ / 10 Station 14: ___10___ / 10 Station 6: ____9___ / 9 Station 15: ___12___ / 12 Station 7: ____9___ / 9 Station 16: ____9___ / 9 Station 8: ___10___ / 10 Station 17: ___10___ / 10 Station 9: ____9___ / 9 Station 18: ___29___ / 29 Total: __200___ / 200 Team Number: _KEY_ Station 1: Dinosaurs (10 pt) 1. Identify the genus of specimen A Tyrannosaurus (1 pt) 2. Identify the genus of specimen B Stegosaurus (1 pt) 3. Identify the genus of specimen C Allosaurus (1 pt) 4. Which specimen(s) (A, B, or C) are A, C (1 pt) Saurischians? 5. Which two specimens (A, B, or C) lived at B, C (1 pt) the same time? 6. Identify the genus of specimen D Velociraptor (1 pt) 7. Identify the genus of specimen E Coelophysis (1 pt) 8. Which specimen (D or E) is commonly E (1 pt) found in Ghost Ranch, New Mexico? 9. Which specimen (A, B, C, D, or E) would D (1 pt) specimen F have been found on? 10.
[Show full text]
Tansley Review Evolution of Development of Vascular Cambia and Secondary Growth
New Phytologist Review Tansley review Evolution of development of vascular cambia and secondary growth Author for correspondence: Rachel Spicer1 and Andrew Groover2 Andrew Groover 1The Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2Institute of Forest Genetics, Pacific Tel: +1 530 759 1738 Email: [email protected] Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Davis, CA, USA Received: 29 December 2009 Accepted: 14 February 2010 Contents Summary 577 V. Evolution of development approaches for the study 587 of secondary vascular growth I. Introduction 577 VI. Conclusions 589 II. Generalized function of vascular cambia and their 578 developmental and evolutionary origins Acknowledgements 589 III. Variation in secondary vascular growth in angiosperms 581 References 589 IV. Genes and mechanisms regulating secondary vascular 584 growth and their evolutionary origins Summary New Phytologist (2010) 186: 577–592 Secondary growth from vascular cambia results in radial, woody growth of stems. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03236.x The innovation of secondary vascular development during plant evolution allowed the production of novel plant forms ranging from massive forest trees to flexible, Key words: forest trees, genomics, Populus, woody lianas. We present examples of the extensive phylogenetic variation in sec- wood anatomy, wood formation. ondary vascular growth and discuss current knowledge of genes that regulate the development of vascular cambia and woody tissues. From these foundations, we propose strategies for genomics-based research in the evolution of development, which is a next logical step in the study of secondary growth. I. Introduction this pattern characterizes most extant forest trees, significant variation exists among taxa, ranging from extinct woody Secondary vascular growth provides a means of radially lycopods and horsetails with unifacial cambia (Cichan & thickening and strengthening plant axes initiated during Taylor, 1990; Willis & McElwain, 2002), to angiosperms primary, or apical growth.
[Show full text]
Devonian Plant Fossils a Window Into the Past
EPPC 2018 Sponsors Academic Partners PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Scientific Committee: Zhe-kun Zhou Angelica Feurdean Jenny McElwain, Chair Tao Su Walter Finsinger Fraser Mitchell Lutz Kunzmann Graciela Gil Romera Paddy Orr Lisa Boucher Lyudmila Shumilovskikh Geoffrey Clayton Elizabeth Wheeler Walter Finsinger Matthew Parkes Evelyn Kustatscher Eniko Magyari Colin Kelleher Niall W. Paterson Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos Benjamin Bomfleur Benjamin Dietre Convenors: Matthew Pound Fabienne Marret-Davies Marco Vecoli Ulrich Salzmann Havandanda Ombashi Charles Wellman Wolfram M. Kürschner Jiri Kvacek Reed Wicander Heather Pardoe Ruth Stockey Hartmut Jäger Christopher Cleal Dieter Uhl Ellen Stolle Jiri Kvacek Maria Barbacka José Bienvenido Diez Ferrer Borja Cascales-Miñana Hans Kerp Friðgeir Grímsson José B. Diez Patricia Ryberg Christa-Charlotte Hofmann Xin Wang Dimitrios Velitzelos Reinhard Zetter Charilaos Yiotis Peta Hayes Jean Nicolas Haas Joseph D. White Fraser Mitchell Benjamin Dietre Jennifer C. McElwain Jenny McElwain Marie-José Gaillard Paul Kenrick Furong Li Christine Strullu-Derrien Graphic and Website Design: Ralph Fyfe Chris Berry Peter Lang Irina Delusina Margaret E. Collinson Tiiu Koff Andrew C. Scott Linnean Society Award Selection Panel: Elena Severova Barry Lomax Wuu Kuang Soh Carla J. Harper Phillip Jardine Eamon haughey Michael Krings Daniela Festi Amanda Porter Gar Rothwell Keith Bennett Kamila Kwasniewska Cindy V. Looy William Fletcher Claire M. Belcher Alistair Seddon Conference Organization: Jonathan P. Wilson
[Show full text]
The Fossil Flora and Age of the Wamsutta Red Beds (Middle
Document generated on 10/01/2021 10:12 p.m. Atlantic Geology Journal of the Atlantic Geoscience Society Revue de la Société Géoscientifique de l'Atlantique The fossil flora and age of the Wamsutta red beds (Middle Pennsylvanian), Narragansett Basin, southeastern Massachusetts, USA and correlation with the Cumberland Group of the Maritime Provinces of Canada Paul C. Lyons and Robert G. Sproule Volume 54, 2018 Article abstract New collections of plant macrofossils provide a precise Middle Pennsylvanian URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1055420ar age for the lower Wamsutta Formation red beds of the Narragansett Basin, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2018.011 southeastern Massachusetts, USA. The Wamsutta assemblage indicates strong correlation with the Cumberland Group of the Maritimes Provinces of Canada, See table of contents which was earlier considered to be of late Langsettian to early Duckmantian age. This correlation is supported by the presence in the Wamsutta Formation of the following plant-fossil species: Neuralethopteris schlehanii, Neuropteris Publisher(s) obliqua, Senftenbergia plumosa, Calamites suckowii, Annularia asteris, Annularia cf. microphylla,Asterophyllites charaeformis, Asterophyllites Atlantic Geoscience Society grandis, Asterophyllites lindleyanus, Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, and Sphenopteris valida. Moreover, the new fossil flora resembles the Middle ISSN Pennsylvanian florules of western Europe, such as the Laveineopteris loshii Subzone. The new flora is especially similar to those of the Iberian Peninsula, 0843-5561 (print) where there is a complete succession of Carboniferous macrofloral zones, and 1718-7885 (digital) this similarity confirms a late Langsettian or early Duckmantian age for the lower Wamsutta macroflora. The new collections of Wamsutta Formation Explore this journal plant fossils, along with a smaller existing collection, represent the oldest known macroflora in the Narragansett Basin.
[Show full text]
The Largest Tropical Peat Mires in Earth History
Geological Society of America Special Paper 370 2003 Desmoinesian coal beds of the Eastern Interior and surrounding basins: The largest tropical peat mires in Earth history Stephen F. Greb William M. Andrews Cortland F. Eble Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA William DiMichele Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA C. Blaine Cecil U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA James C. Hower Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA ABSTRACT The Colchester, Springfield, and Herrin Coals of the Eastern Interior Basin are some of the most extensive coal beds in North America, if not the world. The Colchester covers an area of more than 100,000 km^, the Springfield covers 73,500-81,000 km^, and the Herrin spans 73,900 km^. Each has correlatives in the Western Interior Basin, such that their entire regional extent varies from 116,000 km^to 200,000 km^. Correlatives in the Appalachian Basin may indicate an even more widespread area of Desmoinesian peatland development, although possibly sUghtly younger in age. The Colchester Coal is thin, but the Springfield and Herrin Coals reach thicknesses in excess of 3 m. High ash yields, dominance of vitrinite macerals, and abundant lycopsids suggest that these Desmoinesian coals were deposited in topogenous (groundwater fed) to solige- nous (mixed-water source) mires. The only modern mire complexes that are as wide- spread are northern-latitude raised-bog mires, but Desmoinesian
[Show full text]
Subclase Equisetidae ¿Tienes Alguna Duda, Sugerencia O Corrección Acerca De Este Taxón? Envíanosla Y Con Gusto La Atenderemos
subclase Equisetidae ¿Tienes alguna duda, sugerencia o corrección acerca de este taxón? Envíanosla y con gusto la atenderemos. Ver todas las fotos etiquetadas con Equisetidae en Banco de Imagénes » Descripción de WIKIPEDIAES Ver en Wikipedia (español) → Ver Pteridophyta para una introducción a las plantas Equisetos vasculares sin semilla Rango temporal: Devónico-Holoceno PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Los equisetos , llamados Equisetidae en la moderna clasificación de Christenhusz et al. 2011,[1] [2] [3] o también Equisetopsida o Equisetophyta, y en paleobotánica es más común Sphenopsida, son plantas vasculares afines a los helechos que aparecieron en el Devónico, pero que actualmente sobrevive únicamente el género Equisetum, si bien hay representantes de órdenes extintos que se verán en este artículo. Este grupo es monofilético, aun con sus representantes extintos, debido a su morfología distintiva. Son plantas pequeñas, aunque en el pasado una variedad de calamitácea alcanzó los 15 metros durante el pérmico.[4] Índice 1 Filogenia 1.1 Ecología y evolución 2 Taxonomía 2.1 Sinonimia Variedades de Equisetum 2.2 Sistema de Christenhusz et al. 2011 Taxonomía 2.3 Clasificación sensu Smith et al. 2006 2.4 Otras clasificaciones Reino: Plantae 3 Caracteres Viridiplantae 4 Véase también Streptophyta 5 Referencias Streptophytina 6 Bibliografía Embryophyta (sin rango) 7 Enlaces externos Tracheophyta Euphyllophyta Monilophyta Filogenia[editar] Equisetopsida o Sphenopsida Introducción teórica en Filogenia Clase: C.Agardh 1825 / Engler 1924 Equisetidae Los análisis moleculares y genéticos de filogenia solo Subclase: se pueden hacer sobre representantes vivientes, Warm. 1883 como circunscripto según Smith et al. (2006) (ver la Órdenes ficha), al menos Equisetales es monofilético (Pryer et Equisetales (DC.
[Show full text]
Retallack 2021 Coal Balls
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 564 (2021) 110185 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Modern analogs reveal the origin of Carboniferous coal balls Gregory Retallack * Department of Earth Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1272, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Coal balls are calcareous peats with cellular permineralization invaluable for understanding the anatomy of Coal ball Pennsylvanian and Permian fossil plants. Two distinct kinds of coal balls are here recognized in both Holocene Histosol and Pennsylvanian calcareous Histosols. Respirogenic calcite coal balls have arrays of calcite δ18O and δ13C like Carbon isotopes those of desert soil calcic horizons reflecting isotopic composition of CO2 gas from an aerobic microbiome. Permineralization Methanogenic calcite coal balls in contrast have invariant δ18O for a range of δ13C, and formed with anaerobic microbiomes in soil solutions with bicarbonate formed by methane oxidation and sugar fermentation. Respiro genic coal balls are described from Holocene peats in Eight Mile Creek South Australia, and noted from Carboniferous coals near Penistone, Yorkshire. Methanogenic coal balls are described from Carboniferous coals at Berryville (Illinois) and Steubenville (Ohio), Paleocene lignites of Sutton (Alaska), Eocene lignites of Axel Heiberg Island (Nunavut), Pleistocene peats of Konya (Turkey), and Holocene peats of Gramigne di Bando (Italy). Soils and paleosols with coal balls are neither common nor extinct, but were formed by two distinct soil microbiomes. 1. Introduction and Royer, 2019). Although best known from Euramerican coal mea sures of Pennsylvanian age (Greb et al., 1999; Raymond et al., 2012, Coal balls were best defined by Seward (1895, p.
[Show full text]
Pteridofitas Y Gimnospermas”
UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA MANUAL DE PRÁCTICAS DE LABORATORIO “Helechos y Gimnospermas” CICLO 2019 “PTERIDOFITAS Y GIMNOSPERMAS” Pinus ayacahuite var. brachyptera Shaw. PROFESORES DEL CURSO 2019: Biol. Leticia Díaz López Dra. Gabriela Domínguez Vázquez Biol. Rosa Isabel Fuentes Chávez Biol. Federico Hernández Valencia Dr. Juan Carlos Montero Castro Dr. Juan Manuel Ortega Rodríguez Polypodium madrense Mickel Biól. Norma Patricia Reyes Martínez M.C. Patricia Silva Sáenz PRESENTACIÓN. En el plan de estudios de la carrera de biología de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, la materia de Botánica II (pteridofitas y gimnospermas), contempla dentro de sus contenidos el estudio tanto de la morfología, ciclos de vida, las relaciones evolutivas como la taxonomía de estos grupos de vegetales, que representan una gran importancia evolutiva pues corresponden tanto a las primeras plantas vasculares como a las primeras plantas productoras de semillas, por lo que el presente manual constituye una herramienta didáctica útil para el estudiante. En el presente manual se incluyen los aspectos antes mencionados, por lo que las diferentes prácticas intentan que el alumno relacione la morfología con la evolución que han tenido estos grupos de vegetales. Las prácticas incluidas, con excepción de la denominada “Evolución de las plantas vasculares” y la titulada “Herbario”, fueron implementadas originalmente como parte de la materia de Botánica III del plan de estudios de 1976 por el Prof. Biol. José L. Magaña Mendoza; y a partir del semestre marzo – agosto de 1998 y a iniciativa de los profesores Biol. Martha Santoyo Román y M.C. María del Rosario Ortega Murillo se formalizaron y estructuraron en el presente manual, aumentando una primera práctica de evolución de las plantas vasculares y una última práctica de Herbario.
[Show full text]