Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician Payment Schedule For Insured Services Provided by a Physician October 1, 2017 Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician October 1, 2017 Page 2 Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 7 Services Provided Outside Saskatchewan • Out of Canada Services 9 • Out of Saskatchewan Services 9 • Coverage for Services Unavailable in Canada 9 Billing For Services Provided To Out-Of- 10 Province Beneficiaries Definitions 11 Documentation Requirements 15 Assessment Rules • Introduction 16 • Visits 17 • Hospital Care 17 • Consultations 18 • Procedures 20 • Multiple Services – General Assessment Rules 22 General Information • Services Supervised by a Physician 25 • Submission of Accounts 26 • Location of Service Indicators 28 • Out of Province Patients 29 • Practise Entirely Outside the Medical Care Plan 29 • Special Contracts 29 • Patient Identification 29 • Temporary Health Coverage 30 Services Not Insured 31 Assessment of Account 34 Verification Program 35 Information Sources • Claims Analysis Unit 33 • Processing Support 36 • Medical Consultant 36 • Financial Services 37 • Casework 37 • Policy, Governance and Audit 37 • eHealth - Technical Issues 37 • Fee for Services & Statistics 38 Reciprocal Billing • For Patients from Other Provinces 39 • Physician Services Excluded from Reciprocal billing 40 Explanatory Codes for Physicians 41 October 1, 2017 Page 3 Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician October 1, 2017 Page 4 Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician LIST OF INSURED SERVICES, PROCEDURES AND VISITS Miscellaneous Services Section A General Practice Section B Pediatrics Section C Internal Medicine Section D Psychiatry Section E Dermatology Section F Medical Genetics Section G Anesthesia Section H Cardiology Section I Surgical Assistant Section J Neurosurgery Section K General Surgery Section L Orthopedic Surgery Section M Plastic Surgery Section N Physical Medicine Section O Obstetrics and Gynecology Section P Neurology Section Q Urological Surgery Section R Ophthalmology Section S Otolaryngology Section T Pathology Section V Diagnostic Ultrasound Section W Diagnostic Radiology Section X Therapeutic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Section Y October 1, 2017 Page 5 Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician October 1, 2017 Page 6 Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician INTRODUCTION 1. This Payment Schedule is effective for services provided on and after October 1, 2017. It lists a payment for each insured service which will be made at 100% unless the "Assessment Rules" indicate that payment for the service: a) is included in the composite payment made for another service; or b) is subject to an adjustment when billed in addition to another service. 2. Medical Serivces Branch has the authority to pay physicians for medically required services. The Saskatchewan Medical Care Insurance Act, 14 (1) states: Subject to sections 15 and 24, services that are medically services provided in Saskatchewan by a physician are insured services. 3. Physicians who have entered into a Direct Payment Agreement with the Ministry of Health, which sets the payment for each service, must bill services to Medical Services Branch in accordance with the Payment Schedule: The Saskatchewan Medical Care Insurance Payment Regulations 1999 2000, c. S-29, Reg. 19, stipulates at 6(1)(d) that: 6 (1) Where an insured service is provided in Saskatchewan to a beneficiary by: (d) a physician, the minister shall make payment for that service in accordance with the physician payment schedule and the assessment rules contained in that schedule. 4. All services billed to Medical Services Branch are the sole responsibility of the physician rendering the service with respect to appropriate documentation and billing (see also “Documentation Requirements for the Purposes of Billing”). 5. If a specific fee code for the service rendered is listed in the Payment Schedule, that fee code must be used in claiming for the service, without substitution. 6. When a physician service is not listed in the Payment Schedule, the physician should write Medical Services Branch to request advice on the correct submission of the account: 3475 Albert Street, Regina SK, S4S 6X6 or fax 306-787-3761. Your correspondence must outline: 1. The nature and description of the service; 2. The frequency of the service; 3. The length of time spent performing the service; and 4. The suggested fee and rationale. October 1, 2017 Page 7 Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician INTRODUCTION 7. When unusual time, skill or attention is required in the management of any medical condition, a payment greater than the amount indicated in the Payment Schedule may be authorized upon receipt of a written report. To request consideration of payment, please write to: Medical Services Branch, 3475 Albert Street, Regina SK, S4S 6X6 or fax 306-787-3761. Your correspondence must outline: 1. The nature and description of the service; 2. The frequency of the service; 3. The length of time spent performing the service; and 4. The suggested fee and rationale. October 1, 2017 Page 8 Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician SERVICES PROVIDED OUTSIDE SASKATCHEWAN 1. Out-of-Canada Services a) Non-emergency (elective) services are only considered in exceptional circumstances and must have prior approval from the Ministry of Health. b) Emergency services -- Saskatchewan rates of payment apply and prior approval is not required 2. Out-of-Saskatchewan Services a) Prior approval is not required for the vast majority of physician services received in other provinces and territories as long as these services are provided within the publicly funded health care system. b) If an insured service is unavailable in Saskatchewan, it should be sought in another province. c) Patients will not be billed for most services they receive in other provinces and territories. d) Quebec is an exception; patients may have to pay for physician services in Quebec and submit a bill to the Ministry of Health for payment at Saskatchewan rates. 3. Coverage for Services Unavailable in Canada When an insured service is unavailable in Canada, special rates of payment may apply when the following conditions are met: a) A Saskatchewan listed specialist, within whose field of practice the required service lies, submits a written application for Ministry consideration of request for coverage of medical services unavailable in Canada to: Director, Insured Services Medical Services Branch, Ministry of Health 3475 Albert Street, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 6X6 b) The written application is made prior to referral of the patient for treatment outside Canada; c) The application must state: • the patient's name, address and valid Health Services Number; • pertinent clinical details and diagnosis; • the nature of the service required and confirmation by the specialist that, to the best of his knowledge, the service(s) being requested is not obtainable within Canada; • where possible the name and location of the physician who is to provide the service d) Prior approval must be obtained from the Ministry of Health’s Medical Services Branch. The Ministry’s decision regarding the coverage request and the rate of payment to apply is provided in writing to both the referring specialist and the beneficiary. October 1, 2017 Page 9 Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician SERVICES PROVIDED OUTSIDE SASKATCHEWAN BILLING FOR SERVICES PROVIDED TO OUT-OF-PROVINCE BENEFICIARIES 1. With the exception of patients from Quebec, Saskatchewan physicians should submit their accounts for insured services provided to any Canadian resident to Medical Services, Ministry of Health, for processing at Saskatchewan rates. 2. Certain items excluded from the Reciprocal Billing Agreement may be insured by the beneficiary’s home province. It is suggested that in such cases a letter of inquiry be forwarded to the beneficiary's provincial plan for clarification. October 1, 2017 Page 10 Payment Schedule for Insured Services Provided by a Physician DEFINITIONS 1. Age Categories a) Premature -- a child weighing 2.2 kg or less; b) Newborn -- a child in the first 10 days of life; c) Infant -- a child in its first year of life; d) Child -- any person under thirteen years of age, except where noted otherwise e) Adult -- a person who has attained the age of 13 years; except where noted otherwise. 2. Classifications Designates the time span applied by the Assessment Rules to other services in arriving at an appropriate payment. a) Diagnostic -- the day of the procedure; b) "0" Day -- the day of the procedure; c) "10" Day -- the day of and ten days following the procedure; d) "42" Day -- the day of and forty-two days following the procedure. 3. Clinic The arrangement whereby two or more physicians are practising their profession, medical records and histories of the patients of those physicians are being maintained, and each of those physicians has access to those medical records and histories. 4. Composite A payment which includes the payment for more than one service associated with the treatment of a condition 5. Fee for Service Services are to be billed on the basis of the individual appropriate visit or procedure items included in the Payment Schedule at the listed amount and are subject to the Assessment Rules. 6. By Report The claim must be made on one of the regular claim forms (not by automated submission) and must be accompanied by a detailed explanation of the circumstances and the services provided. Payment will be assessed on the basis of the information provided. An estimated appropriate fee may be provided. 7. Hospital A hospital as defined in The Hospital Standards Act. 8. Palliative As defined by the Regional Health Authorities is a life-limiting/life threatening illness where the focus is on comfort rather than cure. The Drug Plan and Extended Benefits Branch of the Ministry of Health, further defines palliative as patients who are in the late stages of a terminal illness where life expectancy is measured in months.
Recommended publications
  • Evaluation of Chronic Autonomic Symptoms in Gulf War Veterans with Unexplained Fatigue
    Evaluation of Chronic Autonomic Symptoms in Gulf War Veterans with Unexplained Fatigue • Principal Investigator: Dr. Mian Li, WRIISC-DC and Neurology Service at VAMC-DC; Associate Clinical Professor of Neurology • Co-Investigators: Drs Han Kang, Pamela Karasik, Clara Mahan, Friedhelm Sandbrink, Ping Zhai • Post-doctoral fellow: Changqing Xu • Study Coordinator (Volunteer Status): Wenguo Yao • Funded by VA Merit Review Clinical Science R & D • Research approved by local IRB/R & D and conducted in VAMC- DC with compliance of stipulated human research regulations and VA policies regarding report or dissemination of research and non- research information. 1 Rationale • GW veterans (7.7%) reported dizziness/imbalance. blurred vision, excessive fatigue, or tremor (Kang HK, et al. Illnesses among United States veterans of the Gulf War: a population- based survey of 30,000 veterans. J Occup Environ Med 2000; 42(5): 491-501 • Reported neurological symptoms are similar or identical to those from patients with diseases of autonomic nervous system • Ill group (deployed) with post-exertion fatigue • Control (deployed) without fatigue • Objective of this study • Autonomic parameters useful in treatment 2 Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System • Afferent Pathways • Efferent Components parasympathetic and sympathetic • Neurotoxin may preferentially affect small nerve fiber • Small fiber neuropathy vs Autonomic neuropathy • Long delay in diagnosing autonomic system disorder: a) unclear nature course of acquired autonomic disorders b) lack of appropriate
    [Show full text]
  • A Compendium of Research
    NASA TECHNICAL NASA TM X-3308 MEMORANDUM CO CO I X c PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES TO WATER IMMERSION IN MAN: A COMPENDIUM OF RESEARCH James Kollias, Dena Van Derveer, Karen J. Dorchak, and John E. Greenleaf Ames Research Center Moffett Field, Calif. 94035 ^ *" /V NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION • WASHINGTON, D. C. • FEBRUARY 1976 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. NASA TM X-3308 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date February 1976 PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES TO WATER IMMERSION IN MAN: 6. Performing Organization Code A COMPENDIUM OF RESEARCH 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. A-6038 James Kollias, Dena Van Derveer, Karen J. Dorchak, and John E. Greenleaf 10. Work Unit No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 970-21-14-05 NASA Ames Research Center 11. Contract or Grant No. Moffett Field, Calif. 94035 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Technical Memorandum National Aeronautics and Space Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D. C. 20546 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract Since the advent of space flight programs, scientists have been searching for ways to reproduce the zero-gravity effects of weightlessness. Brief periods of weightlessness up to 1 minute were feasible using Keplerian trajectory, but comprehen- sive study of the prolonged effects of the weightless state necessitated the development of other methods. Thus far the two approaches most widely used have been complete bedrest and fluid immersion. Surprisingly, these simulated environments have produced essentially all of the symptoms found in astronauts. This compendium contains reports appearing in the literature through December 1973.
    [Show full text]
  • Aging of the Autonomic Nervous System
    Autonomic Nervous System in Old Age Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology Vol. 33 Series Editors Patrick R. Hof, New York, N.Y. Charles V. Mobbs, New York, N.Y. Editorial Board Constantin Bouras, Geneva Christine K. Cassel, New York, N.Y. Anthony Cerami, Manhasset, N.Y. H. Walter Ettinger, Winston-Salem, N.C. Caleb E. Finch, Los Angeles, Calif. Kevin Flurkey, Bar Harbor, Me. Laura Fratiglioni, Stockholm Terry Fulmer, New York, N.Y. Jack Guralnik, Bethesda, Md. Jeffrey H. Kordower, Chicago, Ill. Bruce S. McEwen, New York, N.Y. Diane Meier, New York, N.Y. Jean-Pierre Michel, Geneva John H. Morrison, New York, N.Y. Mark Moss, Boston, Mass. Nancy Nichols, Melbourne S. Jay Olshansky, Chicago, Ill. James L. Roberts, San Antonio, Tex. Jesse Roth, Baltimore, Md. Albert Siu, New York, N.Y. John Q. Trojanowski, Philadelphia, Pa. Bengt Winblad, Huddinge Autonomic Nervous System in Old Age Volume Editors George A. Kuchel, Farmington, Conn. Patrick R. Hof, New York, N.Y. 11 figures and 9 tables, 2004 Basel · Freiburg · Paris · London · New York · Bangalore · Bangkok · Singapore · Tokyo · Sydney George A. Kuchel, MD FRCP UConn Center on Aging University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, Conn., USA Patrick R. Hof, MD Associate Professor, Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories Dr. Arthur Fishberg Research Centre for Neurobiology Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, N.Y., USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Autonomic nervous system in old age / volume editors, George A. Kuchel, Patrick R. Hof. p. ; cm. – (Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology, ISSN 0074–1132 ; v. 33) Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolic and Other Causes of Dysautonomia, Orthostatic
    AUTONOMIC DISORDERS AND AUTONOMIC TESTING Kamal R. Chémali, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology Eastern Virginia Medical School Director, Sentara Neuromuscular and Autonomic Center Director, Sentara Music and Medicine Center Kevin McNeeley Sentara Autonomic Laboratory Coordinator The Upright Posture • Significant stress on the body to maintain adequate cerebral flow • Pooling of 500ml to 1000ml of blood • Decreased venous return to the heart • Reduced cardiac output and blood pressure • Compensatory baroreflex activation (CNS, afferent and efferent PNS pathways) • When this system fails, OH, cerebral hypoperfusion, syncope occur The 3 Orthostatic Syndromes Orthostatic Postural Reflex Hypotension Tachycardia Syncope Definition Gradual, Sustained ↑HR>30 1st 10’ Sudden ↓sBP>20 or ↓dBP>10 up; no ↓ BP ↓BP & HR BP Pattern Physiology Arterial denervation – Venous return Brainstem main impact diastole impact systole threshold CV reflexes Usually abnormal Usually normal Usually nl Associated Disease-based Syndromic Syndromic Dysauton. Poor prognosis Good Prognosis SFN Type Severe, Diffuse Mild, Focal None Somatic Small Fiber System Small fiber anterolateral system Large fiber dorsal column – medial lemniscal system CCF 2001 Purves: Neuroscience. 2004 Case 1 (Somatic Small Fiber Neuropathy) • A 48 year-old man presents to your clinic because of a burning sensation in his toes that started 3 months ago and has progressed to involve the entire foot up to the ankle bilaterally. He denies any past medical history but has gained 25 lbs in the past year, due to overeating and inactivity. • On examination, he has a mild sensory gradient to pinprick and temperature in stockings distribution up to the ankles. Vibration is mildly reduced at the toes and joint position sense is intact.
    [Show full text]
  • Autonomic Symptom Burden Is an Independent Contributor to Multiple Sclerosis Related Fatigue
    Clinical Autonomic Research (2019) 29:321–328 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-018-0563-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Autonomic symptom burden is an independent contributor to multiple sclerosis related fatigue Magdalena Krbot Skorić1,2 · Luka Crnošija1 · Ivan Adamec1 · Barbara Barun1,3 · Tereza Gabelić1,3 · Tomislav Smoljo3 · Ivan Stanić3 · Tin Pavičić3 · Ivan Pavlović3 · Jelena Drulović4 · Tatjana Pekmezović5 · Mario Habek1,3 Received: 13 June 2018 / Accepted: 30 August 2018 / Published online: 12 September 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Objectives To investigate a possible association between autonomic dysfunction and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. Methods In 70 people with multiple sclerosis early in the disease course (51 females, mean age 33.8 ± 9.1), quantitative sudomotor axon refex tests, cardiovascular refex tests (heart rate and blood pressure responses to the Valsalva maneuver and heart rate response to deep breathing), and the tilt table test were performed. Participants completed the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31, the Modifed Fatigue Impact Scale, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory. Cutof scores of ≥ 38 or ≥ 45 on the Modifed Fatigue Impact Scale were used to stratify patients into a fatigued subgroup (N = 17 or N = 9, respectively). Results We found clear associations between fatigue and scores in subjective tests of the autonomic nervous system: fatigued patients scored signifcantly worse on Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31, and there was a strong correlation between the Modifed Fatigue Impact Scale and the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 (rs = 0.607, p < 0.001). On the other hand, we found only modest associations between fatigue and scores in objective tests of the autonomic nervous system: there was a clear trend for lower sweating outputs at all measured sites, which reached statistical signifcance for the distal leg and foot.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tilt Table Test in Autonomic Medicine
    Clinical Autonomic Research (2019) 29:215–230 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-019-00598-9 REVIEW ARTICLE Autonomic uprising: the tilt table test in autonomic medicine William P. Cheshire Jr.1 · David S. Goldstein2 Received: 25 January 2019 / Accepted: 21 February 2019 / Published online: 5 March 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract This perspective piece on head-up tilt table testing is part of a series on autonomic function testing. The tilt table can be a useful diagnostic test, but methodologies vary, and the results are sometimes misinterpreted. The intent here is not to review comprehensively the utility of various tilt table testing protocols but to convey a number of general points that may give perspective and have practical clinical value, based on an understanding of autonomic physiology and our long clini- cal and research experience in the evaluation of autonomic disorders. The goals of tilt table testing are to assess orthostatic hypotension (OH), chronic orthostatic intolerance (COI), and unexplained syncope. The testing is useful for distinguishing neurogenic from non-neurogenic OH, identifying failure of the sympathetic noradrenergic system in autonomic neuropathies and ganglionopathies, and assessing barorefex-sympathoneural function in α-synucleinopathies. For COI, the testing can provide objective data related to the patient’s symptoms, diagnose postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and distinguish POTS from other causes of tachycardia. Provocative tilt table testing can help understand bases for recurrent transient loss of consciousness in patients with syncope, distinguish neurally mediated syncope from psychogenic pseudosyncope, and separate syncope-related convulsion from epileptic seizures. For each of these purposes, the goals, formats, endpoints, and clinical utility are diferent.
    [Show full text]
  • Syncope and Atypical Seizures
    Syncope and Atypical Seizures Ravi Mandapati, M.D., FACC.; FHRS Director, Specialized Program for Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Director, Pediatric Cardiac Electrophysiology Loma Linda University Medical Center Syncope • Sy ncope is a transient loss of consciousness d ue to transient global cerebral hypo perfusion characterized by rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. • Without qualifying transient global hypo perfusion, the definition of syncope becomes wide enough to include disorders such as epileptic seizures and concussion. •January 14-15, 2011 SCA Conference •1 Seizures are frequently and inappropriately classified as syncope Seizures •Sheldon et al. Diagnosis of Syncope and Seizures, JACC 2002 •January 14-15, 2011 SCA Conference •2 Seizures •Sheldon et al. Diagnosis of Syncope and Seizures, JACC 2002 Breath holding spells • Infantile reflex syncopal attacks or pallid breath holding spells elicited by noxious stimuli are caused by vagally mediated cardiac inhibition. • Cyanotic breath holding spells that occur with expiratory cessation of respiration during crying •January 14-15, 2011 SCA Conference •3 Neurally Mediated Reflex Syncope/Triggers • Emotion/pain • Prolonged standing • Micturition • Post exercise • Hyperventilation and straining • Stretching • Coughing • Standing up suddenly • Deglution Syncope : Mechanical /Structural • Aortic Stenosis • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy • Anomalous coronary artery • Severe pulmonary
    [Show full text]
  • Selecthealth Medical Policies Physical Medicine Policies
    SelectHealth Medical Policies Physical Medicine Policies Table of Contents Policy Title Policy Last Number Revised Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation 443 12/20/18 Chiropractic Care (Adult) 643 09/08/21 Computerized Microprocessor-Controlled Knee Prostheses (OttoBock C-Leg, 233 08/21/17 Endolite Adaptive Prosthesis, Ossur Prosthesis) Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions for Spinal Pain 626 07/21/21 Epidural Adhesiolysis (Percutaneous or Endoscopic) for the Treatment of 249 11/29/12 Chronic Back Pain Functional Anaesthetic Discography 422 08/13/09 Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES); Neuromuscular Electrical 413 01/12/09 Stimulation (NMES) Infusion Pumps (External or Implantable) 609 07/31/17 Lymphedemia Therapy 147 04/21/11 Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA) for Management of Back and Pelvic Pain 425 10/12/09 Negative Pressure Wound Therapy 185 05/27/21 Nonsurgical Spinal Compression for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain 323 10/31/06 Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS) 162 12/19/09 Percutaneous Sacroplasty 433 12/26/09 Phonophoresis 306 05/20/06 Physical Therapy (PT); Occupational Therapy (OT) 518 10/11/18 Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Grafting for Bone and Soft Tissue Healing/ 315 12/17/09 Autologous Platelet-Derived Preparations Pressure Specified Sensory Device (PSSD) for Assessment of 217 02/18/10 Peripheral Neuropathy Pulsed Electrical Stimulation with an Integrated Unloading Brace 251 10/19/17 (e.g., BioniCare® Stimulator) Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) of the Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) of the Spine 226 05/15/15 Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) of the Genicular Nerve 557 11/04/20 Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) of the Sacroiliac (SI) Joint 389 01/01/20 Sanexas Therapy 649 07/13/21 Table of Contents Continued on Page 2..
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Gastrointestinal Autonomic Dysfunction: Present and Future Perspectives
    Journal of Clinical Medicine Review Assessment of Gastrointestinal Autonomic Dysfunction: Present and Future Perspectives Ditte S. Kornum 1,2,* , Astrid J. Terkelsen 3, Davide Bertoli 4, Mette W. Klinge 1, Katrine L. Høyer 1,2, Huda H. A. Kufaishi 5, Per Borghammer 6, Asbjørn M. Drewes 4,7, Christina Brock 4,7 and Klaus Krogh 1,2 1 Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK8200 Aarhus, Denmark; [email protected] (M.W.K.); [email protected] (K.L.H.); [email protected] (K.K.) 2 Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, DK8200 Aarhus, Denmark 3 Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK8200 Aarhus, Denmark; [email protected] 4 Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, DK9100 Aalborg, Denmark; [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (A.M.D.); [email protected] (C.B.) 5 Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, DK2820 Gentofte, Denmark; [email protected] 6 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK8200 Aarhus, Denmark; [email protected] 7 Steno Diabetes Centre North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, DK9100 Aalborg, Denmark * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The autonomic nervous system delicately regulates the function of several target organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, nerve lesions or other nerve pathologies may cause autonomic dysfunction (AD). Some of the most common causes of AD are diabetes mellitus and α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease. Widespread dysmotility throughout the gastroin- Citation: Kornum, D.S.; Terkelsen, testinal tract is a common finding in AD, but no commercially available method exists for direct A.J.; Bertoli, D.; Klinge, M.W.; Høyer, K.L.; Kufaishi, H.H.A.; Borghammer, verification of enteric dysfunction.
    [Show full text]
  • Tilt Table Testing
    Tilt Table Testing ____________________________________________________________________________________ Policy Number: Original Effective Date: MM.02.024 01/01/2015 Line(s) of Business: Current Effective Date: HMO; PPO; QUEST Integration 09/22/2017 Section: Medicine Place(s) of Service: Office, Outpatient I. Description The tilt table test can be used to diagnose neurocardiogenic or neurally mediated syncope caused by a sudden, temporary failure of the autonomic nervous system to maintain blood pressure and heart rate. The device required for a tilt-table test is a motorized table designed specifically for use in a cardiac catheterization/electrophysiology laboratory. This table differs from tilt tables used in radiology and physical therapy departments. The tilt table for syncope testing must change the patient’s position from 0 to 60˚ in less than 10 seconds, must be able to restore the patient equally quickly to a supine position, and must have proper restraints. The patient is held at a 60˚ angle for an extended period of time, during which heart rate and blood pressure are monitored if syncope occurs. Syncope is defined as a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, accompanied by loss of postural tone. Background Syncope is a common clinical problem and accounts for 3.5% of all emergency room visits and 1 to 6% of all hospital admissions in the United States each year. Neurocardiogenic syncope is the most common type of syncope. Also referred to as neurally mediated, vasodepressor and vasovagal syncope, neurocardiogenic syncope is characterized by a sudden failure of the autonomic nervous system to maintain blood pressure, and sometimes heart rate, at a level that adequately maintains cerebral perfusion and consciousness.
    [Show full text]
  • Head-Up Tilt-Table Test (HUTT)
    Central Committee on Cardiac Service Tilt Table Test (傾斜牀檢查) Effective date: 1 April 2019 Document no.: PILIC0011E version1.3 Version 1.3 Page 1 of 2 Tilt-Table Test Introduction Patients may have unexplained recurrent symptoms of dizziness or loss of consciousness. There are many causes. One common cause is vasovagal syncope, which is a disease of the autonomic nervous system. The mechanism is a sudden drop of blood pressure or heart rate or both, in response to adrenergic stimulation. Tilt table test is used to diagnose vasovagal syncope. Patient lying on a stretcher will be tilted up to almost standing position. This, together with the use of drugs, can act as an adrenergic stimulation to provoke vasovagal syncope. Importance of Procedure Tilt Table test is used in diagnosing vasovagal syncope. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, specific treatment can be considered. If you refuse this test, it may be difficult to understand the cause of your symptoms. There is no alternative test that is specific in diagnosing vasovagal syncope, although there are tests that may detect other causes of your symptoms. Pre-Procedure Preparation The test is often performed as an outpatient procedure. You have to omit drugs as instructed by your doctor. Preferably you should be accompanied by relatives or friends. Fasting for 4-6 hours before the test is necessary. Our staff will explain to you and your relatives the details of the procedure together with the possible risks and complications. You have to sign an informed consent. Intravenous line will be inserted. The Procedure You need to lie down on the tilt table in a horizontal position.
    [Show full text]
  • Subjective Tests for Vestibular Dysfunction
    Global Journal of Otolaryngology ISSN 2474-7556 Powerpoint presentation Glob J Otolaryngol - Special Issue March 2017 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Lalsa Shilpa Perepa DOI: 10.19080/GJO.2017.05.555664 Subjective Tests for Vestibular Dysfunction Basic Advantages a) Well established - criteria for diagnostic testing Indications pontomedullary b) Insights into site of lesion lesions produce ipsiversive tilts (deviation of a) Brandt and Dietrich [2] found that c) Alerts the examiner Pontomesencephalic lesions produce contraversive tilts subjective visual vertical toward the side of the lesion), Basicd) Disadvantages High specificity (away from the lesion). The deviations accompanied by the a) Require New and improvised versions of test ocularb) Disruption tilt reaction. of both the otolithic and vertical b) Not well supported for diagnosing semicircular canal pathways are thought to be involved inc) theThalamic deviations. lesions c) Low sensitivity may produce either ipsiversive or of the parietoinsular vestibular cortex tend to produce Subjectived) Requires Visual objective Vertical tests test to support findings contraversive tilts of subjective visual vertical. Lesions level of the thalamus and above contraversive deviations. Lesions at the Given By-Bohmer A, Rickenmann J [1]. will not produce an accompanying SVV is an estimation technique whereby a subject adjusts a oculard) Lesions tilt reaction. in the inner ear also produce deviation of visible luminescent line, while seated in complete darkness, to subjective visual vertical due to differences in the tonic whatPrinciple they consider to be upright or true vertical. outpute) Abnormal from the inotolithic headache organs in the inner ear [3]. with migraine SVV or SVH a s me a su r ed i n t he upr ig ht posit ion i s i n f luenced sufferers, particularly those byPurpose the utricles, saccules and horizontal semicircular canals.
    [Show full text]