Journal of Clinical Medicine Review Assessment of Gastrointestinal Autonomic Dysfunction: Present and Future Perspectives Ditte S. Kornum 1,2,* , Astrid J. Terkelsen 3, Davide Bertoli 4, Mette W. Klinge 1, Katrine L. Høyer 1,2, Huda H. A. Kufaishi 5, Per Borghammer 6, Asbjørn M. Drewes 4,7, Christina Brock 4,7 and Klaus Krogh 1,2 1 Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
[email protected] (M.W.K.);
[email protected] (K.L.H.);
[email protected] (K.K.) 2 Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, DK8200 Aarhus, Denmark 3 Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
[email protected] 4 Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, DK9100 Aalborg, Denmark;
[email protected] (D.B.);
[email protected] (A.M.D.);
[email protected] (C.B.) 5 Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, DK2820 Gentofte, Denmark;
[email protected] 6 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
[email protected] 7 Steno Diabetes Centre North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, DK9100 Aalborg, Denmark * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: The autonomic nervous system delicately regulates the function of several target organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, nerve lesions or other nerve pathologies may cause autonomic dysfunction (AD). Some of the most common causes of AD are diabetes mellitus and α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease. Widespread dysmotility throughout the gastroin- Citation: Kornum, D.S.; Terkelsen, testinal tract is a common finding in AD, but no commercially available method exists for direct A.J.; Bertoli, D.; Klinge, M.W.; Høyer, K.L.; Kufaishi, H.H.A.; Borghammer, verification of enteric dysfunction.