DOCSLIB.ORG

Proquest Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proquest Dissertations NON-STATE POLITICAL THEORY: FROM A TRIBAL GOOD LIFE TO INCREASED WELL-BEING ADAM WALDIE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO JUNE 2010 Library and Archives Bibliothgque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'6dition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-68584-6 Our file Notre r6f6rence ISBN: 978-0-494-68584-6 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. ••a Canada NON-STATE POLITICAL THEORY: FROM A TRIBAL GOOD LIFE TO INCREASED WELL-BEING By Adam Waldie a dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of York University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY © 2010 Permission has been granted to: a) YORK UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES to lend or sell copies of this dissertation in paper, microform or electronic formats, and b) LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA to reproduce, lend, distribute, or sell copies of this dissertation anywhere in the world in microform, paper or electronic formats and to authorize or procure the reproduction, loan, distribution or sale of copies of this dissertation anywhere in the world in micro- form, paper or electronic formats. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the dissertation nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's written permission. IV ABSTRACT This dissertation examines how non-state societies can contribute to and help shape debates around how society can be organized politically and economically to increase human happiness or subjective well-being. Drawing upon anthropological literature on non-state social formations, psychological literature on well-being and persuasion, as well as post-capitalist and post-state political economy, several conclusions are drawn: tribal societies are qualitatively different from capitalist state societies; tribes can be centrally committed to enabling the autonomy and relatedness of their members; autonomy and relatedness have both been demonstrated to be the strongest determinants and predictors of subjective well-being; autonomy and relatedness can be increased through participatory economics and politics, providing larger and more complex societies with the meaningful engagement and responsiveness similar to that of tribes; and a transition to a post-state and post-capitalist society can be achieved, at least in part, using means that respect a tribe-like commitment to autonomy and relatedness. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not be possible without the hard work and support of several people. First, I would like to thank my supervisory committee: George C. Comninel, Stephen Newman and J. Marshall Beier. Without the time and energy of these three people this dissertation would not be where it is today. I would also like to thank the three people who took the time and effort to join George, Stephen and Marshall to make up my examining committee: Shannon Bell, Heather MacRae and Frances Abele. Their critical and insightful questions challenged me to think about my work in new and interesting ways. Finally, and of the utmost importance, I want to thank my wife Marina Djokic. Her love, support, patience and belief in me made the time I spent on and away from this project the best in my life. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract iv Acknowledgements v Introduction: Blind Spots, Successes, and a Plan 1 Chapter One: Non-State Social Organizational Formations 19 Chapter Two: A Tribal Conception and Enactment of a Good Life Ill Chapter Three: Autonomy, Relatedness and Subjective Well-being 161 Chapter 4: Adapting Tribalism for Stateless Economics and Politics 204 Conclusion: Transitioning Through Small Changes and Sticking to the Upside 265 1 Introduction: Blind Spots, Successes, and a Plan This thesis will argue that a tribal social organizational form and its underlying conception of a good life, if taken seriously by political theory and if thoroughly examined, can provide a justification for establishing a post-state and post-capitalist society, and provide lessons for how to do so. A tribal social organizational form is distinct from that of a capitalist state society (Chapter One and Four). A tribal conception of the good life, made possible by its social organizational form, is centrally committed to individual autonomy and relatedness (Chapter Two), which have both been demonstrated to be the strongest determinants and predictors of human happiness (and not only in Western and/or individualist societies) (Chapter Three). Given the longevity and stability of a tribal organizational form and conception of a good life, the contribution of these to human happiness, and the relatively more significant denials of individual autonomy in state society politics and capitalist economics, an examination of the ways in which tribal lessons can justify and shape a conception of a society that better enables autonomy and relatedness through participatory planning of politics and economics (Chapter Four) is warranted. Once, not too long ago, a professor suggested to me that political theory is, among other things, concerned with how we ought to live, with living a good life. In this sense, he continued, political theory is a branch of moral philosophy, wherein debates about how humans ought to live typically take the form of debates about morally appropriate ways of living. A second philosophical thinker, Mark Kingwell, has written, "[i]n search of viable models, we rightly look to what works, even if it doesn't work perfectly." An important part of political theory is that "abstraction must meet reality at some point."1 With thoughts such as these in my mind, I have always found the absence of a meaningful discussion of non-state societies from the canon of disciplinary political theory curious, if not troubling. To a certain extent, this phenomenon is understandable. Disciplinary political theory has its roots in state societies, and has predominantly been concerned with living a good life within those state societies, including conceptions of who should rule and how. This makes sense to the extent that the political theory developed within state societies is in important ways shaped by their lived reality, following from and expressing that reality. However, historically, conceptions of a good life have not merely existed and been lived out within state societies. State societies represent a qualitative transition in social organizational forms when compared to non- state societies, such as bands and tribes, and the political theory that developed within state societies is qualitatively different from the conceptions and enactments of a good life found in non-state societies. This is due, at least in part, to the fact that non-state societies are qualitatively different from state societies in terms of how they are organized, the sorts of life they make possible, and the conceptions of a good life that are therefore possible to enact. In this sense, non-state societies have ways of life that are morally distinct in comparison with their state counterparts, making it worthwhile that political theory, as a branch of moral philosophy, thoroughly examine the specificity of 1 Mark Kingwell, The World We Want: Virtue, Vice, and the Good Citizen (Toronto: Penguin, 2001), 7-8. 3 non-state societies, and see if lessons applicable to those currently living in state societies can be learned from them. This thesis will argue that there are lessons to be learned and that, if applied, they can improve the quality of life of those currently living in state societies. More specifically I will argue that: (1) tribal society is qualitatively different in terms of both its social organizational form and its conception of the good life, which both express ideas of autonomy and relatedness, demanding the significance and dignity of all; (2) decades of psychological and psychiatric research have resulted in a consensus that autonomy and relatedness, the central aspects of a tribal life, are seemingly the two greatest predictors of human happiness; (3) given these findings, state society and capitalism limit human happiness, while lessons learned from tribal society can be applied to a capitalist state society, moving it towards a post-state and post-capitalist society.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Collision Course
    FINAL-1 Sat, Jul 7, 2018 6:10:55 PM Your Weekly Guide to TV Entertainment for the week of July 14 - 20, 2018 HARTNETT’S ALL SOFT CLOTH CAR WASH Collision $ 00 OFF 3ANY course CAR WASH! EXPIRES 7/31/18 BUMPER SPECIALISTSHartnett's Car Wash H1artnett x 5` Auto Body, Inc. COLLISION REPAIR SPECIALISTS & APPRAISERS MA R.S. #2313 R. ALAN HARTNETT LIC. #2037 DANA F. HARTNETT LIC. #9482 Ian Anthony Dale stars in 15 WATER STREET “Salvation” DANVERS (Exit 23, Rte. 128) TEL. (978) 774-2474 FAX (978) 750-4663 Open 7 Days Mon.-Fri. 8-7, Sat. 8-6, Sun. 8-4 ** Gift Certificates Available ** Choosing the right OLD FASHIONED SERVICE Attorney is no accident FREE REGISTRY SERVICE Free Consultation PERSONAL INJURYCLAIMS • Automobile Accident Victims • Work Accidents • Slip &Fall • Motorcycle &Pedestrian Accidents John Doyle Forlizzi• Wrongfu Lawl Death Office INSURANCEDoyle Insurance AGENCY • Dog Attacks • Injuries2 x to 3 Children Voted #1 1 x 3 With 35 years experience on the North Insurance Shore we have aproven record of recovery Agency No Fee Unless Successful While Grace (Jennifer Finnigan, “Tyrant”) and Harris (Ian Anthony Dale, “Hawaii Five- The LawOffice of 0”) work to maintain civility in the hangar, Liam (Charlie Row, “Red Band Society”) and STEPHEN M. FORLIZZI Darius (Santiago Cabrera, “Big Little Lies”) continue to fight both RE/SYST and the im- Auto • Homeowners pending galactic threat. Loyalties will be challenged as humanity sits on the brink of Business • Life Insurance 978.739.4898 Earth’s potential extinction. Learn if order can continue to suppress chaos when a new Harthorne Office Park •Suite 106 www.ForlizziLaw.com 978-777-6344 491 Maple Street, Danvers, MA 01923 [email protected] episode of “Salvation” airs Monday, July 16, on CBS.
    [Show full text]
  • A Primer on Tribal Political Systems
    SMALL WARS JOURNAL smallwarsjournal.com Governance in the Raw: A Primer on Tribal Political Systems by Stan Wiechnik This paper will introduce the reader to some different types of pre-state or tribal governance systems a person is likely to find in portions of the planet where people are living at just above the subsistence level and there is limited or no state influence. While each culture may be unique, certain commonalities can be seen between tribal people living across the globe. The intended audience for this paper is the practitioner working with these people, be they military or civilian, who are trying to influence the group without necessary trying to change it. To achieve this, a better understanding than might be provided by being told you are going to be dealing with a tribal society might be helpful. Who are the leaders of the group? What authority do they have? Who settles disputes? Who doles out patronage? Are they the same person? What affect might I have on the group if I deal with this person rather than that? While this paper cannot answer all these questions, it might provide a starting place to help you focus your search for key players. Why Bother? Normally, when entering a new area, practitioners get some background briefing on the indigenous, tribal people in the area. Hopefully it will include history, traditions, culture, and who the leaders are. Isn‟t that enough? Doesn‟t know the traditions of the tribe sufficient? Maybe … or maybe not. The Pashtuns are a single tribe, yet their level of political integration as well as their key political players will vary based on whether you are dealing with the qalang of the valleys or the nang of the hills.
    [Show full text]
  • JOHANNESBURG DAY by DAY~ Duty to Study Snd Endeavour to CHURCH SERVICES Solve
    Published In English, Sesuto. Xosa and Zulu. • ALL THE _EST EDUCATIONAL , WA SPORTIN. 1 I" BANTU DISTRICT .nd • la the COUNTRY UNION'S ". ~ .~ , NEWS: , !.£ADING • • ~ AI.. AflIlCAN , • • ,, WOMEN'_ NEWS.. APER. , , ,, , I .' SECTION WIDEST •, , . , ~ CIRCULATION SUBSCRIPTldlt I POUTICAllY 11/. per 'ou I_DEJIT. 1/' ,., IIaJI ,_ , The Mouthpiece of the African PeopleL-4_/. _q"_.rtoo_.... _~ Author/sed to publish Government Notices affecting Africans. VoL 20 No. 1018. JOILUOU:SBt1BO, OCTOBER 28, 1939 Price 3d • • • • Desperate Air Attacks Against Submarines Sunk Britain Likely By Sea Bombs Eoglaod Coofideot and Well Prepared -- Great Work Of HE week ba.s been noteworthy {or sental iotereeting enol.," follows: (al The deeision of tbe important nation, Turkey, to take . idu British WarshIps T",ilb Fraoee Bod Britaio, ratber Ihan wilb Ruuia aod Germany; (b) The determination of S.alio, tbe Ros.ian leader, 001 10 .end bi. -- armies 10 help Bitler and lbe Germani again •• Britaio and France. S OME exciting iocidents have­ (e) Bitler's iuue of order8 for aU Nan leaden 10 meet Wm at a big . tak~n place in the last week eonfereoee at Berlin at whj('h matter. of great importance were to be In the b.lg strugg~e between German. talked about. s?bmar~n.es, which are trying to Let 011 uplain tbese happeoing8. slO.k. BntLSh and neutraJ ships, aod Wilh regard 10 Turkey, it 1'1'88 tbe hope of Ruuia and Germaoy to eoo. BrltLSh naval warship!. elude an arraogemeot ""itb Turkey" Web would be fnourable to .hem ,!,~e Germans have beeD sinking and asainllt Britain aod Fra.nc~.
    [Show full text]
  • Development Team
    Paper No. : 02 Social Cultural Anthropology Module : 24 Introduction to Political Anthropology Development Team Principal Investigator Prof. Anup Kumar Kapoor Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi Paper Coordinator Prof. Sabita Acharya, Department of Anthropology, Utkal University,Bhubaneshwar Indelha Khan Content Writer Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi Prof. A.K. Sinha, Department of Anthropology, Content Reviewer Panjab University, Chandigarh 1 Social Cultural Anthropology Anthropology Development of Political Anthropology Description of Module Subject Name Anthropology Paper Name 02 Social Cultural Anthropology Module Name/Title Development of Political Anthropology Module Id 24 2 Social Cultural Anthropology Anthropology Development of Political Anthropology Table of contents: Introduction 1. Development of political anthropology 1.1 The Nineteenth-Century Evolutionists 1.2 The Reaction 1.3 The British Functionalists 1.4 The Neo-Evolutionists 2. Evolution of political societies 2.1 Uncentralized Systems 2.1.1 Band Societies 2.1.2 Tribal Level Political System 2.2 Centralized Systems 2.2.1 Chiefdom 2.2.2 State 3. Religion and politics 4. Tradition and modernity Summary Learning objectives: To familiarize with the concept of power, leadership and politics. To understand the concept of political anthropology. To understand the link between religion and politics. 3 Social Cultural Anthropology Anthropology Development of Political Anthropology Introduction: In several occasions, it has been observed that colonial powers or resilient societies have levied political rule on the native people, where previously no such system prevailed. The initiation of elementary form of political system had varying impact in particular societies. Such differences probably originated as a result of functionally relatedness to the cultures and social system of the colliding societies.
    [Show full text]
  • SONS AGENCY Reproductions Supplied by Gm
    DOCURENT . ED 156 644 SO -011 013, I AUTHOR ',Caiderwood, Beatrice' Religiois Dimensions cf. World Cultures as Belated to the. Holt Databank System. 0 INSTITUTION Wright State Univ., Dayton, Ohic.-Public Education Religion StudiesCenter. , SONS AGENCY National Endowment for the bukanities (NFAH), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE (763, NOTE 19p.; For related docpments, see 80.011 C12-024 AVAILABLE FROM Public Education Religion Studies Center, Wright , c-State University, Dayton, Ohio 45431 ($1.00, parer cover) EDRS PRICE. MF-$0.83 HC-41.67 Plus-Eostage. DESCRIPTORS Anthropology; Cross Cultural"..Studies; *Cultural . Education; Elementary Education; Grade 4; Heterogeneous Grousing;, *Instructional.haterials; Learning .Activities; Euhlic Schools; *Religious Education; Resource Materials; *Social Studies Units; Teacher DevelOped Materials; *Units cf Study ,\ IDENTIFIERS *Holt Databank System, ABSTRACT t 1 , This pesouite unit, part cf a ,series of guides' by the i'ublieReligion Studies Center at Wright Spate "University, correlates With the Holt Databank System "Inquiring About Cultures's,. The unit covers many facets of many cultires ranging from primitive tribes to" complex, urban societiqs and mikes evident the re4gicus dimensions of culture in loth religious and non- religious traditions. It attempts to add to the-understanding of the culture as studied in the Holt System by introduCing the religious ideas an& traditicns of each an'd thus provide an opportunity for the study of divergent religions in a broad curriculum. Thp,units aye aimed to reach nine-year -o ad children in beterggeneous classrooms. The document is divided into three units of instruction: IntrodUction to Cultures;' The KOnsg Bushman; and, India. and Gopalpur. Each unit contains an introduction; content generalizatiobs; subject matter cutiine; vocabulary, goals, and.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Robe Band of Blackfeet: Ethnogenesis by Social and Religious Transformation
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2007 Small Robe Band of Blackfeet: Ethnogenesis by Social and Religious Transformation Linda Matt Juneau The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Juneau, Linda Matt, "Small Robe Band of Blackfeet: Ethnogenesis by Social and Religious Transformation" (2007). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 890. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/890 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Small Robe Band of Blackfeet: Ethnogenesis by Social and Religious Transformation By Linda Matt Juneau AAS Blackfeet Community College, Browning, MT 1995 BA, Native American Studies, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 2002 Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology The University of Montana Missoula, Montana Spring 2007 Approved By: Dr. David A. Strobel, Dean Graduate School Dr. Gregory R. Campbell, Chair Anthropology Dr. Richard Sattler, Committee Member Anthropology Dr. Richmond L. Clow, Committee Member Native American Studies Juneau, Linda, M.A., May 2007 Anthropology Small Robe Band of Blackfeet: Ethnogenesis by Social and Religious Transformation Dr. Gregory R. Campbell, Chairman Abstract One of the most significant challenges facing Native Americans and their indigenous identity is a greater understanding of the historical complexity of relationships that interconnected ethnically diverse populations across geographic landscapes.
    [Show full text]
  • Mrs. Florence Ware Mrs
    Mrs. Florence Ware Mrs. Florence Martha Ware, 74, 3800 Colerain Pike, RD, Martins Ferry, former Bridgeport resident, died Wednesday, Feb. 27 at Ohio Valley Medical Center, Wheeling. Il7^ Born July 1, 1899, she was a daughter of the late Bartley and Nannie Jane Woods Coss. Surviving are her husband, Chester 0. Ware; one daughter Mrs. Irvin R. (Florence) Ullom, Bridgeport; three sons, Raymond, of the home, James, of Colerain, and Lawrence of Barton Road, St. Clairsville; four sisters, Mrs. James Hammer, Bridgeport, Mrs. Geneva Burke, St. Clairsville, Mrs. Ernest Howell, Bar- nesville and Mrs. August Trunk of Euclid, Ohio; nine grand­ children, eight great­ grandchildren. A son, William, preceded her in death in November of 1969, and a daughter, Wanda Lee several years ago. Funeral services were Saturday with Rev. Russell Hurd officiating. Burial was in Riverview Cemetery, Martins Ferry. !• ‘ - m WARE, Gregrey C. Sr., 56, of Martins Ferry, OH, died Friday, March 14, 2014 at Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, WV. He was born July 22, 1957 in Martins Ferry a son of Delores A. (Laipple) Ware and the late Jerry C. Ware. Greg was employed as a Maintenance Supervisor with the Cardinal Plant of American Electric Power. He was a member of the Scotch Ridge Presbyterian Church of Martins Ferry. Greg coached the Martins Ferry PeeWee Young Rider Wrestling Club. He was an avid hunter and fisherman and enjoyed working on his farm. In his early youth he attained the rank of Eagle Scout with theJtay Scouts of America. // In addition to ms-mother of Martins Ferry he is sur­ vived by his wife, Linda M.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleoindian Economic Organization in the Lower Great Lakes Region: Evaluating the Role of Caribou As a Critical Resource
    PALEOINDIAN ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION IN THE LOWER GREAT LAKES REGION: EVALUATING THE ROLE OF CARIBOU AS A CRITICAL RESOURCE By Dillon H. Carr A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ANTHROPOLOGY 2012 ABSTRACT PALEOINDIAN ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION IN THE LOWER GREAT LAKES REGION: EVALUATING THE ROLE OF CARIBOU AS A CRITICAL RESOURCE By Dillon H. Carr There is a widespread perception that Rangifer tarandus (caribou) constitutes a critical resource for Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene hunter-gatherers inhabiting the lower Great Lakes region. However, this perception has not been formally tested using the regional archaeological record. To this end, this dissertation constitutes a formal test of the caribou hunting hypothesis utilizing archeological data from lower Great Lakes Paleoindian (ca. 11,500- 10,000 BP) sites. To formally test the hypothesis that caribou were the organizational focus of lower Great Lakes Paleoindian subsistence economies a heuristic model for a residentially mobile caribou hunting society is constructed from ethnographic and comparative archaeological data. Archaeological data from lower Great Lakes Paleoindians are compared against expected patterning derived from the residentially mobile caribou hunting model to evaluate the extent to which patterned variability in the Paleoindian archaeological record reflects an intensive caribou hunting society. This formal evaluation of the caribou hunting hypothesis indicates that certain aspects of the Paleoindian archaeological record support the idea that caribou were an important resource. In particular, there is some evidence to suggest that more standardized extractive implements and larger, multi-locus, Lake Algonquian coastal sites support an interpretation of intercept caribou hunting.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Anthropology (SOAN3101)
    Political Anthropology (SOAN3101) CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Chapter Introduction The chapter begins by imparting preliminary knowledge about what anthropology as a science means, the subject matter of anthropology in general and social anthropology in particular. This chapter also devotes itself to the discussion of the branches of anthropology, guiding principles in anthropology and nature of research in the discipline. Finally, it concludes by defining political anthropology as sub field of political anthropology. 1.2 Anthropology: A general Introduction I. Anthropology Defined Anthropology is the holistic and scientific study of humankind. As such, it is a very broad field that includes human biology, genetics and evolution; the study of human history, prehistory, and archaeology; human culture, cultural patterns, and cultural diversity; social structure, kinship, economics, religion, politics, art, and linguistics (the scientific study of language). What Does THAT Mean? ⚫ Anthropology has four main parts • Physical or biological anthropology • Archaeology • Cultural (and social) anthropology • Linguistics ⚫ VERY BROAD FIELD • Runs the scope from medicine and genetics (pure or hard sciences) to art, religion, drama, and poetry (humanities) • Something for everyone Wollo University 2020 Page 1 Political Anthropology (SOAN3101) II. The Subfields of Anthropology in More Detail A. Physical Anthropology ⚫ Physical anthropology (also known as biological anthropology) is the study of human biological diversity and evolution. ⚫ Includes: • Medical anthropology • Pale o-anthropology (including some paleontology) • Human genetics and evolution • Primatology B. Archaeology ⚫ The study of human prehistory and cultural evolution (no dinosaurs) ⚫ Archaeologists study ancient society and culture through material remains ➢ Like artifacts and human remains ⚫ Bioarchaeology = study of ancient human remains ➢ Paleopathology – study of ancient disease through materials remains C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concept of "Tribe" As a Useful Tool for Examining Micmac Organization and Leadership
    The Concept of "Tribe" as a Useful Tool for Examining Micmac Organization and Leadership JANET ELIZABETH CHUTE Dalhousie University The Concept of Tribe The concept of tribe has been applied to Micmac social organization in varied ways.1 One definition of the term "tribe" refers to a territorially- bounded population, sharing common language and culture, which in con­ temporary parlance might be called an "ethnic group" (Morrison and Wil­ son 1986:16-17). The word "Micmac" relates to one such unit, and may represent the same entity referred to in early French historic sources as "Souriquois". The etymology of these group names is hard to trace; for in­ stance "Souriquois" may stem from the Basque language and denote "people of the white river" or "those of the whites" (Bakker 1990). "Micmac", which probably means "allies", seems to have been a self-ascribed term,2 although the Micmac's most frequent name for themselves, elnu, simply translates as "the people" (Wallis and Wallis 1955:14). Yet whatever their origins, these group designations cannot be said to denote clearly-definable sociopolitical entities. "Tribe" has a more formal meaning, however. According to an evolu­ tionary scheme of human sociopolitical development devised by Sahlins and Service (1960), tribal entities manifest certain distinct traits. More preva­ lent among horticultural, pastoral and agricultural peoples than among hunter-gatherers such as the Micmac, tribes usually involve relationships among a number of equal and semi-autonomous smaller social groups. Tribes JThe author acknowledges the generous assistance of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada in the preparation of this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Power and Property in Twenty-First Century Foragers A
    Power and Property in Twenty-First Century Foragers A. Cri~tical Examnination Ri'chardBorshay Lee Hunting and gathering peoples in the Twenty-first century live in a vastly different world than that of their parent's and grandparent's generationof the 1960s. It was in that decade that the study of hunting and gathering peoples experienced a renaissance of scholarly interest. Researchers such as James Woodburn, Menrvn Meggitt, Eleanor Leacock, Les Hiatt, June Helm, Nic Peterson, and others found that, even in the 1960s, it was still possible to work with foragers who lived with a degree of autonomy and self-sufficiency. Col- lectively researchers were able to build up a detailed and nuanced picture of hunter-gatherer life-ways and world-views, a picture that became part of the anthropological canon (Lee and DeVore 1968; Bicchieri 1972; Ingold, Riches and Woodburn 1988a, 1988b; Kelly 1995). Four decades later even that degree of autonomy has disappeared, as the world's indigenous peoples have merged rapidly into the underclass of First World, Third World, and post-Socialist social formations. Most of the peoples whose lives were highlighted in 'Man the Hunter' ( Lee and DeVore 1968) now find themselves in settled communities, on reserves, or in peri-urban slums. Even those who continue to occupy ancestral land and preserve access to resources, do so as encapsulated minorities within a larger system (Wood- burn 1988). The condition of 'encapsulation', whether partial or full, is accompanied by the penetration of market forces into their subsistence and small-scale exchange-based economies. Today all former foragers find their economic order partially to fully enmeshed with the commerce of their sur- rounding region and beyond.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Which of the Following Is Not Associated with the Dalit in India? A
    1. Which of the following is not associated with the Dalit in India? a. They are often given legal favors in criminal court. b. They have occupational duties in society. c. They are also called Untouchables. d. They are commonly refused access to social resources. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: p. 54 TOPICS: Introduction 2. Which social scientist argued that there were “patterns of culture” that helped shape the individual? a. Ruth Benedict b. Franz Boas c. Pierre Bourdieu d. Émile Durkheim ANSWER: a REFERENCES: p. 56 TOPICS: People in Society and Culture 3. According to Durkheim, an individualist society is associated with all of the following except: a. functional dependence. b. specialized occupations and positions. c. high levels of collective consciousness. d. industrial economic systems. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: pp. 55-56 TOPICS: People in Society and Culture 4. Which of the following terms refers to the system of social, political, and economic institutions that make possible a way of life? a. Collectivist society b. Anomie c. Society d. Culture ANSWER: c REFERENCES: p. 55 TOPICS: People in Society and Culture 5. Pierre Bourdieu argues that: a. each culture is patterned differently and has a different personality. b. each individual shares the generative principles of their culture and also has unique experiences. c. there are two types of social structures and individuals conform to the type in which they are socialized. d. social markers of difference occur equally across cultures and to all individuals. ANSWER: b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 REFERENCES: pp. 55-56 TOPICS: People in Society and Culture 6.
    [Show full text]