DOCSLIB.ORG

Value of Pumped Storage in British Columbia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Value of Pumped Storage in British Columbia VALUE OF PUMPED STORAGE SYSTEMS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA by Jonathan van Groll B.A.Sc., The University of British Columbia (Vancouver), 2016 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Civil Engineering) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) June 2018 © Jonathan van Groll, 2018 The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, the thesis entitled: Value of Pumped Storage Systems in British Columbia submitted by Jonathan van Groll in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Civil Engineering Examining Committee: Ziad Shawwash, Civil Engineering Supervisor Vladan Prodanovic, Chemical and Biological Engineering Additional Examiner ii Abstract The need to establish electricity storage in British Columbia is brought by a regional and global shift towards the development of renewable electricity generation. The integration of renewable sources of power is challenging for system operators due to their inability to be dispatched. Energy storage enables a time lag between generation, transmission, and consumption. The unique characteristics of British Columbia, namely abundance of water and mountainous terrain, are well suited for the development of Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS). The goal of this thesis is to investigate the value of the integration of a PHS plant in the BC Hydro system at a high level of planning. BC Hydro’s Generalized Optimization Model, used for medium to long term planning, was modified to include PHS plants. The benefits of the PHS plant were considered as the incremental increase of the objective function of this optimization model compared to a base case. A method was developed to value PHS plants based on projected benefits and costs. A case study was performed using various configurations of PHS plants; including closed loop plants and one extension of an existing hydropower plant. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test the response of NPV over a number of inputs. As the capacity and storage of the closed loop plants increased, the usage also increased. Benefits were not uniform across the set of water years reflecting the characteristics of each year’s conditions and configuration of the BC Hydro system. The yearly benefit is highest for the extension of the existing hydropower plant. For the closed loop projects, the NPV is highest for the least amount of storage for each capacity. The NPV of all projects was most sensitive to the iii variation of construction costs. Complete cost recovery of these plants using revenues consisting of trade revenues and increased overall system is unlikely. Additional sources of benefits and revenue streams should be identified and included in future studies of PHS projects. This research can be extended to projects with more certain estimates of characteristics and costs. iv Lay Summary The goal of this research is to investigate the value of electricity storage systems in British Columbia. The researcher enhanced an existing computer program at BC Hydro to model Pumped Hydro Storage plants. A method was developed to value these plants based on projected benefits and costs. The benefits were based on the results of the computer program with and without the Pumped Hydro Storage plant. They included additional electricity trade opportunities with Alberta and the United States, and increased resource efficiency of the BC hydro system. This method was applied to a case study of the BC Hydro system with various configurations of Pumped Hydro Storage plants. v Preface The work presented in this research is carried out by the author Jonathan van Groll under the supervision of Dr. Ziad Shawwash in collaboration with the Planning and Licensing team within BC Hydro’s Generation Systems Operations department. The research project was fully funded by BC Hydro and by a CRD NSERC Grant to Dr. Shawwash. The GOM model, discussed in Chapter 3 and 4, is an internal model used by BC Hydro engineers. Doug Robinson from BC Hydro’s Planning and Licensing team explained the workings of the GOM model and BC Hydro’s planning process, and was instrumental in this research. The enhancements of GOM were done in collaboration with Doug Robinson and Dr. Shawwash. The development of ancillary services in GOM was done in collaboration with Mr. Mehretab Tadesse. The author would like to acknowledge the Planning and Licensing team for access to data, modelling and IT support, and administration. vi Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... iii Lay Summary .................................................................................................................................v Preface ........................................................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ xi List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. xii List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................xv Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... xvii Dedication ................................................................................................................................... xix Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................1 1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Goals and Objectives ...................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Organization of Thesis .................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2: Literature Review .......................................................................................................8 2.1 Energy Storage Technologies ......................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Lithium-ion batteries ................................................................................................. 11 2.1.2 Flywheels .................................................................................................................. 13 2.1.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage ............................................................................... 14 2.1.4 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage ................................................................................. 17 2.1.4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 17 vii 2.1.4.2 Typical Pumped Storage Configurations .......................................................... 21 2.1.4.3 Current Development and Market Trends ........................................................ 26 2.2 Energy Markets ............................................................................................................. 29 2.2.1 Overview of Markets ................................................................................................ 29 2.2.1.1 Alberta............................................................................................................... 31 2.2.1.2 California .......................................................................................................... 33 2.3 Valuation Methods ........................................................................................................ 36 2.3.1 Cost Based ................................................................................................................ 36 2.3.2 Market Based Methods ............................................................................................. 37 2.3.3 Cash Flow Analysis .................................................................................................. 38 2.4 Optimization Methods .................................................................................................. 41 2.4.1 Linear Programming ................................................................................................. 42 2.4.2 Applications to Pumped Storage ............................................................................... 45 2.5 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 50 Chapter 3: Methodology..............................................................................................................51 3.1 Optimization Method .................................................................................................... 51 3.1.1 BC Hydro System ..................................................................................................... 51 3.1.2 Generalized Optimization Model .............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • British Columbia Ministry of Natural Resource Operations Regional
    T a t s h e n s h in i R i v e r K r e Tutshi Lake l e s v a i ys R ll d iv R r R la e r e k i v G iv e e Swift R L iver Petitot River s r R B a Petitot R l t e Gladys Lake iver if av B A e ic Hall Lake w r h Tagish Lake S R e Teslin Lake w R iv Ri Cro iv e ve i er k e r r w ft Riv e r P S et r re Maxhamish Lake it e o C t Surprise Lake iv er Riv s R R ia u ek iv s her er g re e nc iv n C r y Ra R r illy Peti d A e tot R a e e i l l u k v D v t l c i S e G it B a a r J l R h L d e B G o r h a n ree t r n i a ve it C k y Liard River er a i n k ling iv h R in n m R i R C O l g l iv 'Don e s S e a n K r e r Riv Ts e Atlin Lake er e r k S R e h iver v e nts R i e d k A R e R a i r i n l e s v er V K a h i wig i iv e R C oko a ree R Sl R n k i R i k T M iv a cDame Cre a v e e N k u C ek p r r e y i G o d lu e a ndeb Cr t R ery t T R o i e n ve T s i r r li v w er o e o n od Riv iv u er Gu R r R nda a se R h t i De o R v a e Tuya Lake o Sa Kotcho Lake r i h b I r R v t n e e a b i k v v r n l i i it e e n R R r h R Nahl r in e R iv e l er i iv e R iv v e i r i r T ve i R N r v M ro R u e r t D e e R ud s u i r K e v i r t e e d a l o s r iv le g F o R d o e r K r n a n ive in o e D R d Cr k o v t e u d e e r i r E C n Fort Nelson t e R a ch iv e R o u y v r D o R i e T a i D R v e ek H e a re e k o C n r Cry Lake T l ykl i urn l K h aga iver R la in R t iv u e Nets on S r Cre e S Dease Lake k h e B K Elleh Cre s e utc ek la a h tt o y y Cr R e T C ek r o nta iv Ri e s Creek Fo s r v iv e e lla e r a v e nzi r e R d R r a e e T v g h i i o R
    [Show full text]
  • The Revelstoke Dam: a Case Study of the Selection, Licensing and Implementation of a Large Scale Hydroelectric Project in British Columbia
    THE REVELSTOKE DAM: A CASE STUDY OF THE SELECTION, LICENSING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A LARGE SCALE HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT IN BRITISH COLUMBIA By HEIDI ERIKA MISSLER B.A., The University of British Columbia, 1984 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS i n THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Geography) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September 1988 QHeidi Erika Missler, 1988 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date DE-6G/81) ABSTRACT Procedures for the selection, licensing and implementation of large scale energy projects must evolve with the escalating complexity of such projects and. the changing public value system. Government appeared unresponsive to rapidly changing conditions in the 1960s and 1970s. Consequently, approval of major hydroelectric development projects in British Columbia under the Water Act became increasingly more contentious. This led, in 1980, to the introduction of new procedures—the Energy Project Review Process (EPRP)— under the B.C. Utilities Commission Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Columbia River Treaty History and 2014/2024 Review
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers • Bonneville Power Administration Columbia River Treaty History and 2014/2024 Review 1 he Columbia River Treaty History of the Treaty T between the United States and The Columbia River, the fourth largest river on the continent as measured by average annual fl ow, Canada has served as a model of generates more power than any other river in North America. While its headwaters originate in British international cooperation since 1964, Columbia, only about 15 percent of the 259,500 square miles of the Columbia River Basin is actually bringing signifi cant fl ood control and located in Canada. Yet the Canadian waters account for about 38 percent of the average annual volume, power generation benefi ts to both and up to 50 percent of the peak fl ood waters, that fl ow by The Dalles Dam on the Columbia River countries. Either Canada or the United between Oregon and Washington. In the 1940s, offi cials from the United States and States can terminate most of the Canada began a long process to seek a joint solution to the fl ooding caused by the unregulated Columbia provisions of the Treaty any time on or River and to the postwar demand for greater energy resources. That effort culminated in the Columbia River after Sept.16, 2024, with a minimum Treaty, an international agreement between Canada and the United States for the cooperative development 10 years’ written advance notice. The of water resources regulation in the upper Columbia River U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Basin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Columbia Basin Tribes and First Nations Jointly Developed This Paper To
    Agenda Item E.2 Attachment 1 (Electronic Only) March 2021 a | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY he Columbia Basin tribes and First Nations jointly developed this paper to Tinform the U.S. and Canadian Entities, federal governments, and other re- gional sovereigns and stakeholders on how anadromous salmon and resident fish can be reintroduced into the upper Columbia River Basin. Reintroduction and res- toration of fish passage could be achieved through a variety of mechanisms, includ- ing the current effort to modernize the Columbia River Treaty (Treaty). Restoring fish passage and reintroducing anadromous fish should be investigated and imple- mented as a key element of integrating ecosystem-based function into the Treaty. Anadromous fish reintroduction is critical to restoring native peoples’ cultural, harvest, spiritual values, and First Foods taken through bilateral river development for power and flood risk management. Reintroduction is also an important facet of ecosystem adaptation to climate change as updated research indicates that only the Canadian portion of the basin may be snowmelt-dominated in the future, making it a critical refugium for fish as the Columbia River warms over time. This transboundary reintroduction proposal focuses on adult and juvenile fish pas- sage at Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams in the U.S. and at Hugh Keenleyside, Brilliant, Waneta and Seven Mile dams in Canada. Reintroduction would occur incrementally, beginning with a series of preliminary planning, research, and ex- perimental pilot studies designed to inform subsequent reintroduction and passage strategies. Long-term elements of salmon reintroduction would be adaptable and include permanent passage facilities, complemented by habitat improvement, ar- tificial propagation, monitoring, and evaluation.
    [Show full text]
  • Dams and Hydroelectricity in the Columbia
    COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN: DAMS AND HYDROELECTRICITY The power of falling water can be converted to hydroelectricity A Powerful River Major mountain ranges and large volumes of river flows into the Pacific—make the Columbia precipitation are the foundation for the Columbia one of the most powerful rivers in North America. River Basin. The large volumes of annual runoff, The entire Columbia River on both sides of combined with changes in elevation—from the the border is one of the most hydroelectrically river’s headwaters at Canal Flats in BC’s Rocky developed river systems in the world, with more Mountain Trench, to Astoria, Oregon, where the than 470 dams on the main stem and tributaries. Two Countries: One River Changing Water Levels Most dams on the Columbia River system were built between Deciding how to release and store water in the Canadian the 1940s and 1980s. They are part of a coordinated water Columbia River system is a complex process. Decision-makers management system guided by the 1964 Columbia River Treaty must balance obligations under the CRT (flood control and (CRT) between Canada and the United States. The CRT: power generation) with regional and provincial concerns such as ecosystems, recreation and cultural values. 1. coordinates flood control 2. optimizes hydroelectricity generation on both sides of the STORING AND RELEASING WATER border. The ability to store water in reservoirs behind dams means water can be released when it’s needed for fisheries, flood control, hydroelectricity, irrigation, recreation and transportation. Managing the River Releasing water to meet these needs influences water levels throughout the year and explains why water levels The Columbia River system includes creeks, glaciers, lakes, change frequently.
    [Show full text]
  • Revelstoke Generating Station Unit 6 Project Factsheet-December 2018
    Revelstoke Generating Station Unit 6 Project Factsheet-December 2018 This project would install a sixth generating unit into an empty four units were installed when the facility was constructed. bay at Revelstoke Generating Station. Revelstoke Unit 6 would The fifth generating unit was recently added and began add approximately 500 megawatts of capacity to our system service in 2010. and provide a significant amount of electricity when our Revelstoke Generating Station produces, on average, about customers need it most – during dark cold winter days 7,817 gigawatt hours or roughly 15 per cent of the electricity when furnaces, appliances and lights are all in use. BC Hydro generates each year. With the five generating units, Revelstoke Generating Station has a combined capacity of REVELSTOKE DAM AND GENERATING STATION 2,480 megawatts. Electricity generated by the plant is Revelstoke Dam and Generating Station are located on the delivered to the grid by two parallel 500 kilovolt transmission Columbia River, 5 kilometers upstream from the City of lines that run from Revelstoke Generating Station to the Revelstoke. The facilities are part of our Columbia system Ashton Creek substation near Kamloops. with Revelstoke Reservoir and Mica Dam located upstream and the Hugh L. Keenleyside Dam and Arrow Lakes Reservoir downstream. The Revelstoke Generating Station, completed in 1984, was designed to hold six generating units but only Project Timing We do not have a timeline for construction. Revelstoke 6 is an important contingency project in case demand grows faster than we expect. 1 Revelstoke Revelstoke Dam Reservoir Hwy 23 BRITISH COLUMBIA Hwy 1 Hwy 1 Hwy 23 Revelstoke Revelstoke Generating Station PROJECT BENEFITS AND OPPORTUNITIES The work to install the sixth generating unit at Revelstoke Generating Station would be very similar to the Revelstoke ○ Jobs .
    [Show full text]
  • Bennett's Dam Projects – Power to the Lower Mainland
    CHAPTER 7 – Bennett's Dam Projects – Power to the Lower Mainland DURING THE 1960s British Columbia undertook what remains the greatest building project in its history, dwarfing previous undertakings such as the Kitimat Smelter and the Trans Mountain Pipeline. The Portage Mountain (now W.A.C. Bennett) dam on the Peace River and the Mica Creek dam on the Columbia River were each in their own right what are now called “world class” projects, but building them at the same time made them among the most ambitious construction projects in history. When it was officially opened in 1968 the Portage Mountain Dam was the largest dam in the western world: only the Soviet Union’s Bratsk hydro station dam in Siberia was larger. Mica Creek, when its dam was completed in 1973, was the site of the largest earth-filled dam anywhere in the world. The dam projects were a product of Premier W.A.C. Bennett’s determination to develop British Columbia’s natural resources as quickly as possible. As noted in Chapter 3, Bennett believed that it was his government’s job to build the infrastructure which would make it possible for private corporations to develop the province’s natural resources. But while he began building highways almost from the moment he came to power, it was not until the 1960s that he was presented with an opportunity to undertake the massive, and massively expensive, hydro-electric projects of which he dreamed. BENNETT’S TWO RIVERS POLICY One obvious place to build the kind of dams Bennett wanted was in the Kootenays, on the Canadian side of the Columbia River.
    [Show full text]
  • PROVINCIAL MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY and ANTHROPOLOGY
    PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Department of Education PROVINCIAL MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY and ANTHROPOLOGY Report for the Year 1947 VICTORIA, B.C.: Printed by DoN McDIARMID, Printer to the King' s Most Excellent il.lajesly. 1948. \ To His Honour C. A. BANKS, Lieutenant-Govern01· of the Province of British Columbia. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONOUR: The undersigned respectfully submits herewith the Annual Report of the Provincial Museum of Natural History and Anthropology for the year 1947. W. T. STRAITH, Minister of Education. Office of the Minister of Education, Victoria, B.C. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY, . VICTORIA, B.C., June 28th, 1948. The Honourable W. T. Straith, Minister of Education, Victoria, B.C. SIR,-The undersigned respectfully submits herewith a report of the activities of the Provincial Museum of Natural History and Anthropology for the calendar year 1947. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, G. CLIFFORD CARL, Director. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. The Honourable W. T. STRAITH, Minister. Lieut.-Col. F. T. FAIREY, Superintendent. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY. Staff: G. CLIFFORD CARL, Ph.D., Director. GEORGE A. HARDY, General Assistant. A. E. PICKFORD, Assistant in Anthropology. MARGARET CRUMMY, B.A., Secretarial Stenographer. BETTY C. NEWTON, Artist. SHEILA GRICE, Typist. ARTHUR F. COATES, Attendant. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY. OBJECTS. (a) To secure and preserve specimens illustrating the natural history of the Province. (b) To collect anthropological material relating to the aboriginal races of the Province. (c) To obtain information respecting the natural sciences, relating particularly to the natural history of the Province, and to increase and diffuse knowledge regarding the same.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Revelstoke Reservoir Creel and Visitor Use Survey 2000
    Lake Revelstoke Reservoir Creel and Visitor Use Survey 2000 by: K. Bray and M. Campbell Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program Revelstoke, B.C. January 2001 Executive Summary From May 5 to September 4, 2000, an access point creel survey was conducted on Lake Revelstoke. The principal objectives were to assess the sport fishery on Lake Revelstoke, collect biological data on fish species in the reservoir, and provide a baseline against which future change can be measured. A visitor use survey was conducted concurrently with the creel survey to gauge visitor opinions and perceptions about Lake Revelstoke and to determine how people were using the reservoir. The number of partners involved in this project presents a good example of both the challenges of managing a complex project and the success when many parties work together. Random sampling was stratified by day type (weekend/holidays and weekdays), site location, and time of day. Seven major access point sites were identified and assigned selection probabilities based on previous surveys and current conditions. Aerial survey counts of boats and campers and ground counts of campers were conducted at informal sites to help estimate the proportion of effort missed. 536 angler interviews were conducted with anglers from B.C. comprising 91.6% of those surveyed and Albertans 6.9%. Residents of Revelstoke accounted for half (50.2%) of the interviews and Okanagan anglers for 30.4%. The average trip length was 2.81 ± 0.16 hours with an average of 2.29 anglers and 2.13 rods per boat. Most fishing on Lake Revelstoke was done from a boat (96%) with lures used during almost all recorded fishing trips.
    [Show full text]
  • DEHCHO - GREAT RIVER: the State of Science in the Mackenzie Basin (1960-1985) Contributing Authors: Corinne Schuster-Wallace, Kate Cave, and Chris Metcalfe
    DEHCHO - GREAT RIVER: The State of Science in the Mackenzie Basin (1960-1985) Contributing Authors: Corinne Schuster-Wallace, Kate Cave, and Chris Metcalfe Acknowledgements: Thank you to those who responded to the survey and who provided insight to where documents and data may exist: Katey Savage, Daniyal Abdali, and Dave Rosenberg for his library. We also thank Al Weins and Robert W. Sandford for providing their photographs. Additionally, thanks go to: David Jessiman (AANDC), Canadian Hydrographic Service, Centre for Indigenous Environmental Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Erin Kelly, Dave Schindler, Environment Canada, GEOSCAN, Libraries and Archives Canada, Mackenzie River Basin Board, Freshwater Institute (Winnipeg) – Mike Rennie, Waves, and World Wildlife Fund. Research funding for this project was provided by The Gordon Foundation. Suggested Citation: Schuster-Wallce, C., Cave, K., and Metcalfe, C. 2016. Dehcho - Great River: The State of Science in the Mackenzie Basin (1960-1985). United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, Hamilton, Canada. Front Cover Photo: Western Mackenzie Delta and Richardson Mountains, 1972. Photo: Chris Metcalfe Layout Design: Praem Mehta (UNU-INWEH) Disclaimer: The designations employed and presentations of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the ©United Nations University, 2016 part of the United Nations University (UNU) concerning legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its ISBN: 978-92-808-6070-2 frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are those of the respective authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the UNU.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Revelstoke Reservoir Bull Trout Radio Telemetry
    Lake Revelstoke Reservoir Bull Trout Radio Telemetry Progress Report 2001-2002 K. Bray Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program Revelstoke, B.C. December 2001 Executive Summary Bull trout are supremely well adapted to live in the rugged, glacial environment of the Canadian Columbia River system, occupying the position of top predator in the aquatic food chain. They are, however, especially sensitive to impacts related to human activities, such as logging, hydroelectric development, mining, and urban development, and are particularly vulnerable to angling. Despite what are considered to be the healthiest bull trout populations within the species’ range, British Columbia bull trout were blue-listed in 1994, meaning they are considered vulnerable, and therefore, are afforded special consideration. The goal of this project is to determine spawning and migratory movements of Lake Revelstoke Reservoir bull trout and identify spawning locations. This information is valuable for managing and protecting adfluvial bull trout by identifying critical habitats and run timing. Radio telemetry is an efficient and cost effective means of determining this kind of information and has been used extensively to determine spawning movements of bull trout This project represents the final phase in a basin wide plan to investigate bull trout spawning locations and migratory movements in the large Columbia River reservoirs as part of a conservation strategy for the species. This is a first year progress report containing preliminary data only, a final report with complete interpretation will be prepared at the end of the project. Due to the sensitive nature of information related to bull trout spawning, staging, and overwintering locations, site specific data are not included in this report and are available once permission has been obtained from the Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection.
    [Show full text]
  • Mid-Columbia Ecosystem Enhancement Project Catalogue
    Mid-Columbia Ecosystem Enhancement Project Catalogue March 2017 Compiled by: Cindy Pearce, Mountain Labyrinths Inc. with Harry van Oort, and Ryan Gill, Coopers Beauschesne; Mandy Kellner, Kingbird Biological Consulting; Will Warnock, Canadian Columbia River Fisheries Commission; Michael Zimmer, Okanagan Nation Alliance; Lucie Thompson, Splatsin Development Corporation; Hailey Ross, Columbia Mountain Institute of Applied Ecology Prepared with financial support of the Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program on behalf of its program partners BC Hydro, the Province of BC, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, First Nations and public stakeholders, and Columbia Basin Trust as well as generous in-kind contributions from the project team, community partner organizations and agency staff. 1 Table of Contents Background ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Mid- Columbia Area ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Hydropower Dams and Reservoirs ............................................................................................................... 4 Information Sources ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Ecological Impacts of Dams and Reservoirs .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]