The Integration of Virtual Memory Management and Interprocess Communication in Accent
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Technical Details of the Elliott 152 and 153
Appendix 1 Technical Details of the Elliott 152 and 153 Introduction The Elliott 152 computer was part of the Admiralty’s MRS5 (medium range system 5) naval gunnery project, described in Chap. 2. The Elliott 153 computer, also known as the D/F (direction-finding) computer, was built for GCHQ and the Admiralty as described in Chap. 3. The information in this appendix is intended to supplement the overall descriptions of the machines as given in Chaps. 2 and 3. A1.1 The Elliott 152 Work on the MRS5 contract at Borehamwood began in October 1946 and was essen- tially finished in 1950. Novel target-tracking radar was at the heart of the project, the radar being synchronized to the computer’s clock. In his enthusiasm for perfecting the radar technology, John Coales seems to have spent little time on what we would now call an overall systems design. When Harry Carpenter joined the staff of the Computing Division at Borehamwood on 1 January 1949, he recalls that nobody had yet defined the way in which the control program, running on the 152 computer, would interface with guns and radar. Furthermore, nobody yet appeared to be working on the computational algorithms necessary for three-dimensional trajectory predic- tion. As for the guns that the MRS5 system was intended to control, not even the basic ballistics parameters seemed to be known with any accuracy at Borehamwood [1, 2]. A1.1.1 Communication and Data-Rate The physical separation, between radar in the Borehamwood car park and digital computer in the laboratory, necessitated an interconnecting cable of about 150 m in length. -
GEC Computers Ltd
V1 January 2015 GEC Computers Ltd. Origins. In 1968 the real-time computing interests of AEI, Elliott-Automation, English Electric, Marconi and GEC, were consolidated into a single company [ref. 1]. It traded initially as Marconi Elliott Computer Systems Ltd (MECS) and then, after 1971, as GEC Computers Ltd. English Electric obtained the non-computing products and the mainframe data processing products were transferred to ICT/ICL. MECS, and GEC Computers, were for many years based at Borehamwood, though the specialist aerospace computing activities were soon transferred to Marconi-Elliott Avionics Systems Ltd. at Rochester. Initially, the range of MECS computers was inherited from Marconi and Elliott-Automation and comprised the MYRIAD series, M2100 series (a small-scale 16-bit multiprocessor for real-time control]), and the 900 series (see below). About 50% of the applications for these computers were described as ‘military’. The other 50% was made up roughly equally of the following applications areas: Industrial, Laboratory, Marine, Education, Traffic control, Communications, Medical. The GEC 900 series of computers [refs. 2- 4], though first introduced in 1961, had a life extending into the 1980s with machines such as the 920ATC. By then developments had for several years been based firmly at Rochester, under various titles such as GEC-Marconi Avionics Ltd. and eventually BAE Systems. The 900 series is described elsewhere, in the Mainframes section of the Our Computer Heritage website. [ref. 2]. The GEC 2000 and 4000 families. By 1970 GEC Computers Ltd. was working at the Computer Research Laboratory (CRL), Borehamwood, on three new computer ranges. These were known internally as Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. -
Videotex in Europe Conference Proce!Edings
ORGANISED BY THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Videotex in Europe Conference ProcE!edings Edited by Carlo Vernimb and William Skyvington With a preface by Georges Anderla Learned Information Oxford and New York Videotex in Europe I ' ; v· : -;:· Proceedings of th~ • ~ideotex 1n Europe ~ Conference Luxembourg 19-20 July 1979 Organ1sed by the COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Edited by Carlo Vernimb and William Skyvington ' ~ ~ ~ With a preface by Georges Anderla (Learned Information 1980 Oxford and New York ', \\ ·J Videotex in Europe © ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg, 1980 All rights reserved ISBN 0 904933 22 9 Published by Learned Information (Europe) Ltd. Learned Information Besselsleigh Road The Anderson House Abingdon Stokes Road Oxford OX1 3 6 EF Medford, N.J. 08055 England U.S.A. (~co:Y) - tYI · (. :;r.,{ IV Contents Page PREFACE Mr. G. Anderla, Director - Information Management (CEC Directorate General XIII) v1i EDITORS' NOTE 1x OPENING OF THE CONFERENCE Mr. R.K. Appleyard, D1rector General- Sc1ent1f1c and Techn1callnformat1on and Information Management (CEC Directorate General XIII) INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDIES Mr. C. Vern1mb, Co-ordmator - New Information Technologies (CEC Directorate General XIII) 3 TERMINOLOGY 5 LECTURE: "Videotex Development in the Community" Mr. M. Kohn, (Telesystemes, Pans) 7 TEXT: "Videotex/Euronet Compatibility" [summanzed extracts from the study report] (Telesystemes, Pans) 22 LECTURE: "Videotex Development outside the Community" Mr. R. Woolfe (Butler, Cox & Partners, London) 44 DISCUSSION - Session No. 1 51 LECTURE: "Videotex Market in the Community" Mr. H.D. Scholz (Pactel, Frankfurt) 63 TEXT: "Videotex Market and Display Study" [summaned extracts from the study report] (PA Management Consultants, Frankfurt) 75 LECTURE: "Market for Videotex Business Terminals" Mr. -
Controls Evolution on Isis, an Accelerator Based Neutron Production Facility R.P
THP045 Proceedings of ICALEPCS2009, Kobe, Japan CONTROLS EVOLUTION ON ISIS, AN ACCELERATOR BASED NEUTRON PRODUCTION FACILITY R.P. Mannix, ISIS, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon, U.K. Abstract The ISIS [1] spallation neutron source has been a production facility since 1984 with the original, single, target station. ISIS is now starting the second phase of its life with two target stations and the possibility of further upgrades. The author has worked in the ISIS controls group since before first neutrons and leads the group into this new phase. The difficulties and solutions surrounding legacy systems in such an environment (where a facility lifetime may approach 50 years) are presented. HISTORY Figure 2: 1985 - the author demonstrates the finished In the late 1970’s, work started on a new accelerator- control system to a VIP (and “SNS” becomes “ISIS”). based Spallation neutron source (then called the SNS) at the Rutherford Appleton laboratory, housed where a In the 1990’s, after being renamed ISIS [1], work previous 8Mev Proton synchrotron, NIMROD, had been started on upgrading the mature (and working) control for many years. Having had experience of the very system onto new platforms and using commercial earliest interpreter based control systems (FOCAL on software, Vsystem from Vista Controls [2]. The control PDP-4/8) on NIMROD, it was decided to base the SNS system is medium sized, with about 15,000 channels. control system on GEC 4000 series minicomputers, using CAMAC and a copy of the CERN SPS General Purpose PROBLEMS Multiplex system for equipment interfacing and a copy of ISIS is a production neutron facility. -
The Alvey Programme
6/6/2018 The Alvey Programme Informatics Informatics Department The Alvey Programme Informatics → Alvey Overview The Alvey Programme was the dominating focus of Information Technology research in the period 1983 to 1988. Prior to the Alvey Programme, university, industrial and government research were primarily separate activities. The Science and Engineering Research Council's research grants were, on the whole, reactive in that proposals were sent in and SERC either accepted or rejected them. In the late 1970s, SERC had become more pro-active with the appearance of Specially Promoted Programmes such as the Distributed Computing Systems Programme that ran from 1977 to 1984. Here the emphasis was placed on a coordinated programme of research in an area which was regarded as particularly relevant. The Alvey Programme made a major change to the way computing research was organised in the UK as a whole. For a variety of reasons, it was decided that there needed to be a more focused way of doing industrial and university research in this important area. Some of the main points were: The area was pre-competitive advanced information technology research The focus was four areas that seemed particularly relevant at the time: Software Engineering Intelligent Knowledge Based Systems Man Machine Interaction Advanced Microelectronics (VLSI Design) Research was a collaboration between academia, government and industry Research was directed into important areas and coordinated Funding was substantial, £350M at 1982 prices The involvement of Informatics Department in the Programme came about because of its role in coordinating the DCS Programme and later the Software Technology Initiative. Bob Hopgood, Rob Witty and David Duce were the three academic coordinators over the life of the DCS Programme. -
Kermit News March 1995 Brazil: Election Day 1994
Number 6 Kermit News March 1995 Brazil: Election Day 1994 Brazil's October 1994 general election was almost certainly the world's largest and most complex ever. Kermit software played a crucial role. In Rio de Janeiro, ballots are transcribed to PCs for transmission to the tabulating center by MS-DOS Kermit. Article on page 19. Kermit News Number 6, March 1995 CONTENTS Editor's Notes . 1 New Releases MS-DOS Kermit 3.14 . 3 and BBSs . 4 and Business Communication . 5 C-Kermit 5A(190) . 6 for UNIX . 6 for VMS . 7 for OS/2 . 7 for Stratus VOS . 10 IBM Mainframe Kermit-370 4.3.1 . 11 Digital PDP-11 Kermit-11 3.62-8 . 11 Other New Kermit Releases . 11 New Features File Transfer Recovery . 12 Auto-Upload, Auto-Download, Auto-Anything . 12 Character Sets: Circumnavigating the Web with MS-DOS Kermit . 15 People and Places Cover Story: Kermit in the Brazilian Elections. 19 Kermit Helps Automate Mail Delivery . 23 Kermit and Market Research in the UK . 24 Computer Access for Persons with Print-Handicaps . 25 Down to Business Ordering Information . 28 Kermit Version List . 29 Order Form . 31 Kermit News (ISSN 0899-9309) is published periodically free of charge by Kermit Development and Distribution, Columbia University Academic Information Systems, 612 West 115th Street, New York, NY 10025, USA. Contributed articles are welcome. Editor: Christine M. Gianone E-Mail: cmg@ columbia.edu Copyright 1995, Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. Material in Kermit News may be quoted or reproduced in other publications without permis- sion, but with proper attribution. -
The Analytical Engine JOURNAL of the COMPUTER HISTORY ASSOCIATION of CALIFORNIA
The Analytical Engine JOURNAL OF THE COMPUTER HISTORY ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA Scientific Data Systems 930 NOAA/Herb Sauer Volume 2.3 May 1995 May 1995 Volume 2.3 The Analytical Engine JOURNAL OF THE COMPUTER HISTORY ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA acquisition, no rest for a machine that never THE X-PROJECT, Part Two wearied. From 1965 to 1970 the 930 served as the main computer for the government's HANDS The star ofriches is shining upon you. (High Altitude Nuclear Detection System) early - latest fortune cookie warning program. Thereafter it acquired data from the GOES series satellites and many other Yeah, right. Not quite. spacecraft. This is a computer justly famous on the strength of its accomplishments alone. But it's also For the X-PROJECT to work, many things must (did we mention?) the last known, complete, be in place. As I write, one thing is in one place. A running, XDS or SDS computer, in the world. large, heavy, Xerox mainframe is in Boulder, Colorado - at the Table Mountain Observatory of Nor are we talking cold, hulking racks in a dim the Space Environment Laboratory, United States warehouse. The CHAC can take over this Government. computer in operating order, with schematics, full docs, bales of parts, and complete software on So far as we can tell, this is the last known, tape .... still warm, so to speak. This chance will complete, running, XDS or SDS computer in the never come again; and this computer, built in Santa world. Monica and dedicated to longer service than was It began to be installed and configured at Table ever foreseen, deserves a proper home in Mountain in 1963, and was in full operation by California. -
Kermit News Issn 0899-9309
KERMIT NEWS ISSN 0899-9309 Number 4 June 1990 Contents It's Not Just Academic! . 1 MS-DOS Kermit 3.0 . 3 MS-DOS Kermit 3.0 Early Reviews . 3 MS-DOS Kermit 3.0 on Local Area Networks . 4 MS-DOS Kermit 3.0 In Print . 6 Making the Mainstream Connection with MS-DOS Kermit . 7 C-Kermit 5A . 8 IBM Mainframe Kermit 4.2 . 9 Other New Kermit Releases . 10 DEC Computers . 10 Hewlett Packard Computers . 10 PRIME Computers . 11 Other Computers . 11 How Efficient Is Kermit? . 12 World News . 16 International Character Sets . 16 Report from Western Europe . 17 Mission to Moscow . 18 Kermit Goes to Eastern Europe . 18 Business Section . 21 Kermit in the (US) Navy . 21 Fast Food! . 22 Kermit Protocol in Manufacturing . 23 MS-DOS Kermit 3.0 and Radio Communications . 24 Kermit Is Not a Toy! . 25 MS-DOS Kermit 3.0 Backers . 25 Kermit Distribution . 26 The Kermites . 26 Ordering Information . 27 Kermit Version List . 28 Donors . 30 Order Form . 31 Kermit News, ISSN 0899-9309, is published periodically free of charge by Kermit Development and Distribution, Columbia University Center for Computing Activities, 612 West 115th Street, New York, NY 10025, USA. Contributed articles are welcome. Material in Kermit News may be quoted or reproduced without permission, but with proper attribution. And be sure to send us a copy! Editor: Christine M. Gianone E-Mail: [email protected] or [email protected] The Kermit file transfer protocol is named after Kermit the Frog, star of the television series The Muppet Show, used by permission of Henson Associates, Inc. -
Illustrated Holocene Era Timeline
Illustrated Holocene Era Timeline: Human Achievements, Advancements, Innovations, and Understanding in Science using EMILIANI’s HE calendar Ruthie S. Premack Author / Compiler Technical Advisor Paul Premack Phone Edition 12,019 HE I dedicate this book To: the wonderful man who is my husband Paul Premack, our adult children Tiffany and Benjamin, his wife Kira, my mother Jo Ann Simons Stier for their love, brains, attention to detail, laughter, and thoughtfulness and to my dad Herb Stier; To: CESARE EMILIANI, who first had the idea for the Holocene Era (HE) calendar; and To: any human who can open their mind to seeing the (HE) flow of human accomplishment and to being enchanted, shocked, disappointed, or amazed by the wonders and realities of science. © 2019 (12,019 HE), Ruthie S. Premack, all rights reserved. Any portion, but not the entirety, of this book may be reproduced without permission from the author so long as this book is cited as the source and entries are not altered. Some text in this Timeline is from or based upon entries in Wikipedia. Use is permitted because we have provided credit to the authors by including a URL to the page or pages used. All entries based upon Wikipedia materials is released under CC BY-SA: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Table of Contents ABOUT THE HE CALENDAR AND FORMATTING ............................... 7 AUTHOR / COMPILER’S PREFACE ........................................................ 10 CHAPTER ONE APPETIZERS ............................................................. 12 CHAPTER TWO BEFORE THE HOLOCENE ERA: THE BIG BANG TO THE STONE AGE .............................................. 45 CHAPTER THREE 1 HE: BEGINNING OF THE HOLOCENE ERA .................................................................................... -
Kermit News Number 5, July 1993
Columbia University Academic Information Systems Kermit News Number 5, July 1993 This is not the real cover. The real cover shows a three-dimensional bar graph comparing XMODEM, YMODEM, ZMODEM, and Kermit file transfer for ASCII, Binary, and Precompressed files, on three different types of connections. Contents Editor's Notes . 1 MS-DOS Kermit 3.13 . 2 C-Kermit 5A(189) . 4 IBM Mainframe Kermit-370 4.2.3±5 . 6 Other New Kermit Releases . 8 Kermit Distribution News . 9 The Truth about Kermit File Transfer Performance . 10 Long Packets and Sliding Windows . 10 Compression. 11 Prefixing . 11 Locking Shifts . 11 True-Life Benchmarks . 12 World News Kermit and the British Relief Mission to Bosnia . 15 Kermit in Germany . 17 Kermit in China . 19 Report from England: Kermit in Medical Research . 20 Kermit in a Nonprofit Environment . 22 Miscellany Modem Watch . 23 Acknowledgements . 23 Kermit Software Distribution Ordering Information . 24 Kermit Version List . 25 Order Form . 27 Kermit News (ISSN 0899-9309) is published periodically free of charge by Kermit Development and Distribution, Columbia University Academic Information Systems, 612 West 115th Street, New York, NY 10025, USA. Contributed articles are welcome. Editor: Christine M. Gianone E-Mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Copyright 1993, Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. Material in Kermit News may be quoted or reproduced in other publications without permis- sion, but with proper attribution. And if you do, be sure to send us a copy! The Kermit file transfer protocol is named after Kermit the Frog, star of the television series The Muppet Show, used by permission of Henson Associates, Inc.