Supplementary Table S1: Names and coordinates of the major study sites in the Southern Ocean and on the Antarctic Continent where tracking devices were deployed on the selected species (indicated by their 4-letter codes in the last column).

Sector Location name Location coordinates Species

Indian Ocean Prince Edward Islands 46° 46ƍ S, 37° 51ƍ E ANFS, DMSA, GHAL, KIPE, LMSA, MAPE, SOES, WAAL

Crozet Islands 46° 25ƍ S, 51° 59ƍ E KIPE, WAAL, WHCP

Kerguelen Islands 49° 15ƍ S, 69° 10ƍ E ANFS, BBAL, SOES, WAAL

Heard Island 53° 6ƍ S, 73° 31ƍ E ANFS, BBAL, KIPE, LMSA, MAPE

South Atlantic Ocean Falkland (Islas Malvinas) 51° 41ƍ S, 59° 10ƍ W KIPE, SOES

Signy Island 60° 43ƍ S, 45° 36ƍ W ADPE

South Georgia 54° 15ƍ S, 36° 45ƍ W ANFS, BBAL, KIPE MAPE, SOES, WAAL, WHCP

Bouvet Island 54° 25ƍ S, 3° 22ƍ E ANFS, SOES

Antarctic Peninsula (incl. 62° 0ƍ S, 58° 0ƍ W ADPE, ANFS, SOES, WESE Elephant Island)

Sea ice or at sea CRAS, HUWH, WESE

South Pacific Ocean Macquarie Island 54° 30ƍ S, 158° 57ƍ E ANFS, BBAL, GHAL, KIPE, LMSA, ROPE, SOES, WAAL

Campbell Island 52° 32ƍ S, 169° 8ƍ E GHAL

At sea off Raoul Island 29° 15ƍ S, 177° 59ƍ W HUWH

At sea off the Australian east HUWH coast

Weddell Sea Filchner Trough 77° 0ƍ S, 36° 0ƍ W WESE

Drescher Inlet 72° 50ƍ S, 19° 2ƍ W CRAS, WESE

Sea ice CRAS, WESE

Queen Maud Land Svarthamaren 71° 54ƍ S, 5° 10ƍ E ANPE

1 Hukuro Cove 69° 12ƍ S, 39° 37ƍ E ADPE

Mac.Robertson Land Taylor Glacier 67° 27ƍ S, 60° 51ƍ E EMPE

Ufs Island 67° 28ƍ S, 61° 8ƍ E ADPE

Béchervaise Island 67° 35ƍ S, 62° 49ƍ E ADPE

Auster Rookery 67° 24ƍ S, 63° 57ƍ E EMPE

Scullin Monolith 67° 47ƍ S, 66° 42ƍ E ADPE

Princess Elizabeth Land 69° 15ƍ S, 76° 51ƍ E EMPE

Magnetic Island 68° 33ƍ S, 77° 55ƍ E ADPE

Vestfold Hills 68° 33ƍ S, 78° 15ƍ E SOES, WESE

Wilkes Land 66° 17ƍ S, 110° 29ƍ E ADPE

East Sea ice CRAS

Terre Adélie Pétrel Island, Terre Adélie 66° 40ƍ S, 140° 1ƍ E ADPE, EMPE, WESE

Ross Sea McMurdo Sound 77° 30ƍ S, 165° 0ƍ E WESE

Edmonson Point 74° 20ƍ S, 165° 8ƍ E ADPE

Ross Island 77° 30ƍ S, 168° 0ƍ E ADPE, EMPE

Coulman Island 73° 29ƍ S, 169° 45ƍ E EMPE

Sea ice WESE

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