DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Complete Work

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download Complete Work AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Edgecombe, Gregory D., 1998. Early myriapodous arthropods from Australia: Maldybulakia from the Devonian of New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum 50(3): 293–313. [25 November 1998]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1288 ISSN 0067-1975 Published by the Australian Museum, Sydney naturenature cultureculture discover discover AustralianAustralian Museum Museum science science is is freely freely accessible accessible online online at at www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/ 66 CollegeCollege Street,Street, SydneySydney NSWNSW 2010,2010, AustraliaAustralia Records of the Australian Museum (1998) Vo!. 50: 293-313. ISSN 0067-1975 Early Myriapodous Arthropods from Australia: Maldybulakia from the Devonian of New South Wales GREGORY D. EDGECOMBE Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney South NSW 2000, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT. The myriapodous arthropod Maldybulakia Tesakov & Alekseev, 1998, was first described from the Lower Devonian (Pragian-Emsian) in central Kazakhstan. The geographic and stratigraphic distributions of Maldybulakia are broadened by the discovery of Devonian species in Australia. The Lochkovian or Pragian Maldybulakia angusi n.sp. occurs in abundance in the Sugarloaf Creek Formation near Taemas, NSW. Maldybulakia malcolmi n.sp. occurs in late Givetian or early Frasnian strata of the Boyd Volcanic Complex near Eden, south coastal NSW. Two trunk tagmata are present in Maldybulakia. The strong tergal exoskeleton of posteriorly overlapping diplopleurotergites suggests closest affinities with Dignatha and, particularly, Kampecarida. Along with arthropleurids and kampecarids, Maldybulakia represents another major myriapod bodyplan in the mid-Palaeozoic. Although occurring in lacustrine and fluvial sediments, the associated flora, likely myriapod affinities, and presence of spiracles in Maldybulakia suggest terrestrial habits. EDGECOMBE, GREGORY D., 1998. Early myriapodous arthropods from Australia: Maldybulakia from the Devonian of New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum 50(3): 293-313. Myriapods have a sparse fossil record prior to the had occurred by the Devonian. Among these is the Carboniferous Period (see Almond [1985] and Shear [1990] cladistically derived position of Middle Devonian for reviews of Silurian-Devonian body fossils). Among centipedes, which nest within some extant groups (Shear extant myriapod groups, millipedes and centipedes are & Bonamo, 1988). Further, the Upper Silurian occurrence known to have evolved by the Pffdolf (Upper Silurian) of Diplopoda predicts that the other extant lineages in the (Almond, 1985; Shear et al., 1998). Myriapodous fossils Progoneata and Dignatha, the Symphyla and Pauropoda, range back to the Lower Silurian (Mikulic et aI., 1985a,b), had diverged by that time (Kraus & Kraus, 1994). but the systematic position of these forms is uncertain. Except for trace fossil indications (Trewin & McNamara, The extinct Class Arthropleuridea, best represented in the 1995), all that is known about Silurian-Devonian Upper Carboniferous (Briggs & Almond, 1994), extends myriapods has come from the northern hemisphere, and back to the Pffdolf, with new Devonian occurrences in particular the Old Red Continent. The only citation of recently coming to light (Shear & Selden, 1995; Shear et mid-Palaeozoic myriapods from Gondwana has been al., 1996). In spite of the patchy fossil record, several fraught with controversy. Bergstrom (1979: 9-10) factors indicate that the major events in myriapod evolution mentioned "un described myriapod material from the 294 Records of the Australian Museum (1998) Vol. 50 Silurian of Australia", but Almond (1985) cited the view Wyborn, 1979). The fossils occur as totally disarticulated of H.B. Whittington that this material was actually moulds in fine-grained sandstones rich in volcanic rock Devonian and its myriapod affinities were highly question­ grains derived from the underlying Mountain Creek able. The present work documents this controversial Volcanics. No other animal fossils have been found material and provides a formal taxonomy based on associated with M. angusi (only very rare plant fragments), extensive new collections. yet this single species is sufficiently abundant as to locally H.B. Whittington (pers. comm., 1994, 1995) informed litter bedding surfaces. The depositional environment of me that the enigmatic fossils in question were shown to the arenites in the eastern extent of the Sugarloaf Creek him by K.S.W. Campbell. Campbell revealed that these Formation has been interpreted as fluvial (Owen & arthropods were collected from an Early Devonian site in Wyborn, 1979). Although fossils were not previously the Taemas-Wee Jasper district, New South Wales, and led recognised from the Sugarloaf Creek Formation, a latest a trip to the locality in 1995. Disarticulated sclerites of a Lochkovian to earliest Pragian age assignment was made large, apparently myriapodous, arthropod were found in by Owen & Wyborn (1979) based on an early Pragian the Sugarloaf Creek Formation in an abundance rivaled dating for the conformably overlying Cavan Limestone. by few fossil myriapod sites. The species is described here The age of the Cavan Formation has, however, been as Maldybulakia angusi n.sp. Also in 1995, Alex Ritchie reassessed based on conodonts (Mawson et al., 1992), its informed me of a Devonian site from which he had lower part representing the late Pragian pireneae Zone. collected parts of a myriapodous arthropod near Eden on The Sugarloaf Creek Formation is thus less constrained the south coast of New South Wales. Collecting at this within the Lochkovian-Pragian interval. locality revealed a second species of Maldybulakia Tesakov Maldybulakia malcolmi is common through an & Alekseev, 1998, and showed the genus to range into the approximately 30 cm interval in mud stone and silts tone at Middle or Upper Devonian. This second species is named an outcrop along Saltwater Creek Forest Road, near Edrom, Maldybulakia malcolmi n.sp. 12 km SSE of Eden. The site (37°09'S 149°57'E) is located The Australian species are considered congeneric with 3.6 km from the intersection of Saltwater Creek Road and the enigmatic myriapodous taxon Maldybulakia mirabilis Edrom Road in East Boyd State Forest (Fig. ID). Fergusson (Tesakov & Alekseev, 1992), from the Lower Devonian of et al. (1979: fig. 5) documented this section as examplar central Kazakhstan. The new material adds considerable of lacustrine mudstones in their Facies 3 of the Boyd clarity to the nature of tagmosis in this arthropod, and sheds Volcanic Complex. They noted the occurrence of more light on the affinities of Maldybulakia. While Tesakov Maldybulakia [as "Arthropods (unidentified genus)"] with & Alekseev (1992) employed descriptive terminology used lycopods, which are abundantly represented at these levels. for millipedes, they made no more precise systematic Some of these can be identified as Lepidosigillaria placement for the genus than to regard it as myriapod­ yalwalense, usually regarded as Middle Devonian in age like. Material at both Australian localities consists of trunk (M.E. White, pers. comm., 1995). However, bothriolepid tergites and pleurotergites alone (the sternum and limbs and phyllolepid placoderms indicative of a Givetian­ were clearly less mineralised, and unpreserved). The heads Frasnian age are known from Facies 3 of the Boyd Volcanic of all three species are unknown. Tesakov & Alekseev Complex at other localities (Fergusson et al., 1979; G.C (1992) interpreted the trunk tergites of Maldybulakia as Young, pers. comm., 1996). The same flora occurs with diplosegments, divided into prozonites and metazonites. I late Givetian or early Frasnian fish in Facies 2 of the Boyd have accepted this interpretation in describing the Volcanic Complex (Bunga Beds). On this evidence, Australian species, for reasons elaborated below. Maldybulakia malcolmi can be assigned an age in the late Specimens illustrated in this work are housed in the Givetian to early Frasnian interval. The site was extensively Palaeontology type collections of the Australian Museum excavated in April 1997 by the author and 11 other (prefixed AM F). collectors. Both Australian species of Maldybulakia are thus known from sediments deposited in fresh water, and disarticulated Occurrences tergites and pleurotergites occur as rich accumulations. The geological and inferred ecological context of M. Localities, environments, and ages. Maldybulakia is at mirabilis in Kazakhstan is similar. The latter species occurs present known from two localities in the Devonian of New as abundant, mostly disarticulated, moulds in beds of South Wales (Fig. 1). tuffaceous siltstone. Tesakov & Alekseev (1992) regarded Maldybulakia angusi occurs in the Sugarloaf Creek the depositional setting of these sediments as lacustrine, Formation, near the eastern outcrop limit of the formation. similar to the interpretation of mudstones bearing M. The site (35°04'S 148°51'E) is located about 400 m east of malcolmi (Fergusson et al., 1979; P.C Lewis et al., Mountain Creek Road, and is accessed 400 m south of 1994). Maldybulakia is, however, likely to have been Three Oaks homestead (Fig. 1C). The Sugarloaf Creek terrestrial rather than aquatic, based on the inferred Formation consists of massive, lenticular arenites deposited presence of a tracheal respiratory system (see interpretation in alluvial fans in the western part of the outcrop
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Type and Figured Fossils in the Worthen Collection at the Illinois
    s Cq&JI ^XXKUJtJLI 14oGS: CIR 524 c, 2 TYPE AND FIGURED FOSSILS IN THE WORTHEN COLLECTION AT THE ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Lois S. Kent GEOLOGICAL ILLINOIS Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION CIRCULAR 524 1982 COVER: This portrait of Amos Henry Worthen is from a print presented to me by Worthen's great-grandson, Arthur C. Brookley, Jr., at the time he visited the Illinois State Geological Survey in the late 1950s or early 1960s. The picture is the same as that published in connection with the memorial to Worthen in the appendix to Vol. 8 of the Geological Survey of Illinois, 1890. -LSK Kent, Lois S., Type and figured fossils in the Worthen Collection at the Illinois State Geological Survey. — Champaign, III. : Illinois State Geological Survey, 1982. - 65 p. ; 28 cm. (Circular / Illinois State Geological Survey ; 524) 1. Paleontology. 2. Catalogs and collections. 3. Worthen Collection. I. Title. II. Series. Editor: Mary Clockner Cover: Sandra Stecyk Printed by the authority of the State of Illinois/1982/2500 II I IHOI'.MAII '.I 'II Of.ir.AI MIHVI y '> 300 1 00003 5216 TYPE AND FIGURED FOSSILS IN THE WORTHEN COLLECTION AT THE ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Lois S. Kent | CIRCULAR 524 1982 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Robert E. Bergstrom, Acting Chief Natural Resources Building, 615 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820 TYPE AND FIGURED FOSSILS IN THE WORTHEN COLLECTION AT THE ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CONTENTS Acknowledgments 2 Introduction 2 Organization of the catalog 7 Notes 8 References 8 Fossil catalog 13 ABSTRACT This catalog lists all type and figured specimens of fossils in the part of the "Worthen Collection" now housed at the Illinois State Geological Survey in Champaign, Illinois.
    [Show full text]
  • MYRIAPODS 767 Volume 2 (M-Z), Pp
    In: R. Singer, (ed.), 1999. Encyclopedia of Paleontology, MYRIAPODS 767 volume 2 (M-Z), pp. 767-775. Fitzroy Dearborn, London. MYRIAPODS JVlyriapods are many-legged, terrestrial arthropods whose bodies groups, the Trilobita, Chelicerata, Crustacea, and the Uniramia, the are divided into two major parts, a head and a trunk. The head last consisting of the Myriapoda, Hexapoda, and Onychophora (vel- bears a single pair of antennae, highly differentiated mandibles (or vet worms). However, subsequent structural and molecular evidence jaws), and at least one pair of maxillary mouthparts; the trunk indicates that there are several characters uniting major arthropod region consists of similar "metameres," each of which is a func- taxa. Moreover, paleobiologic, embryologie, and other evidence tional segment that bears one or two pairs of appendages. Gas demonstrates that myriapods and hexapods are fiindamentally exchange is accomplished by tracheae•a branching network of polyramous, having two major articulating appendages per embry- specialized tubules•although small forms respire through the ological body segment, like other arthropods. body wall. Malpighian organs are used for excretion, and eyes con- A fourth proposal (Figure ID) suggests that myriapods are sist of clusters of simple, unintegrated, light-sensitive elements an ancient, basal arthropod lineage, and that the Hexapoda that are termed ommatidia. These major features collectively char- emerged as an independent, relatively recent clade from a rather acterize the five major myriapod clades: Diplopoda (millipeds), terminal crustacean lineage, perhaps the Malacostraca, which con- Chilopoda (centipeds), Pauropoda (pauropods), Symphyla (sym- tains lobsters and crabs (Ballard et al. 1992). Because few crusta- phylans), and Arthropleurida (arthropleurids). Other features cean taxa were examined in this analysis, and due to the Cambrian indicate differences among these clades.
    [Show full text]
  • Ordinal-Level Phylogenomics of the Arthropod Class
    Ordinal-Level Phylogenomics of the Arthropod Class Diplopoda (Millipedes) Based on an Analysis of 221 Nuclear Protein-Coding Loci Generated Using Next- Generation Sequence Analyses Michael S. Brewer1,2*, Jason E. Bond3 1 Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America, 3 Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America Abstract Background: The ancient and diverse, yet understudied arthropod class Diplopoda, the millipedes, has a muddled taxonomic history. Despite having a cosmopolitan distribution and a number of unique and interesting characteristics, the group has received relatively little attention; interest in millipede systematics is low compared to taxa of comparable diversity. The existing classification of the group comprises 16 orders. Past attempts to reconstruct millipede phylogenies have suffered from a paucity of characters and included too few taxa to confidently resolve relationships and make formal nomenclatural changes. Herein, we reconstruct an ordinal-level phylogeny for the class Diplopoda using the largest character set ever assembled for the group. Methods: Transcriptomic sequences were obtained from exemplar taxa representing much of the diversity of millipede orders using second-generation (i.e., next-generation or high-throughput) sequencing. These data were subject to rigorous orthology selection and phylogenetic dataset optimization and then used to reconstruct phylogenies employing Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood optimality criteria. Ancestral reconstructions of sperm transfer appendage development (gonopods), presence of lateral defense secretion pores (ozopores), and presence of spinnerets were considered.
    [Show full text]
  • Monophyly of the Ring-Forming Group in Diplopoda (Myriapoda, Arthropoda) Based on SSU and LSU Ribosomal RNA Sequences
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Progress in Natural Science 19 (2009) 1297–1303 www.elsevier.com/locate/pnsc Monophyly of the ring-forming group in Diplopoda (Myriapoda, Arthropoda) based on SSU and LSU ribosomal RNA sequences Peiyun Cong a,b, Xuhua Xia c, Qun Yang a,* a State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Strategraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China b Yunnan Key Laboratory for Paleobiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China c Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1N 6N5 Received 13 February 2009; received in revised form 15 March 2009; accepted 17 March 2009 Abstract Two controversies exist in the phylogeny of the derived millipedes (Diplopoda). The first is whether millipedes with a fusion ring, including Polydesmida, Spirobolida, Spirostreptida and Julida, form a monophyletic group (the ring-forming group). The second con- cerns the phylogenetic relationship within the three orders of Juliformia, i.e. Julida, Spirostreptida and Spirobolida. To resolve these phylogenetic controversies, we sequenced 18S and 28S rDNA from six millipede orders and retrieved several homologous sequences from GenBank. Our results give robust support to the monophyly of the ring-forming group based on maximum parsimony methods, max- imum likelihood methods and Bayesian inference. The monophyly of the ring-forming group suggests that the fusion of segment sclerites might have occurred only once during millipede evolutionary history. We also established a sister-group relationship between Spirobol- ida and Spirostreptida within Juliformia after eliminating a short-branch attraction phenomenon, which is consistent with that from the mitochondrial genome analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary History of Life
    Evolutionary history of life The evolutionary history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and fossil organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present. Earth formed about 4.5 billion years (Ga) ago and evidence suggests life emerged prior to 3.7 Ga.[1][2][3] (Although there is some evidence of life as early as 4.1 to 4.28 Ga, it remains controversial due to the possible non- biological formation of the purported fossils.[1][4][5][6][7]) The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the process of evolution from a common ancestor.[8] Approximately 1 trillion species currently live on Earth[9] of which only 1.75–1.8 million have been named[10][11] and 1.6 million documented in a central database.[12] These currently living species represent less than one percent of all species that have ever lived on earth.[13][14] The earliest evidence of life comes from biogenic carbon signatures[2][3] and stromatolite fossils[15] discovered in 3.7 billion- Life timeline Ice Ages year-old metasedimentary rocks from western Greenland. In 2015, 0 — Primates Quater nary Flowers ←Earliest apes possible "remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1 billion-year-old P Birds h Mammals [16][17] – Plants Dinosaurs rocks in Western Australia. In March 2017, putative evidence of Karo o a n ← Andean Tetrapoda possibly the oldest forms of life on Earth was reported in the form of -50 0 — e Arthropods Molluscs r ←Cambrian explosion fossilized microorganisms discovered in hydrothermal
    [Show full text]
  • Early Terrestrial Animals, Evolution, and Uncertainty
    Evo Edu Outreach (2011) 4:489–501 DOI 10.1007/s12052-011-0357-y ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Early Terrestrial Animals, Evolution, and Uncertainty Russell J. Garwood & Gregory D. Edgecombe Published online: 24 August 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract Early terrestrial ecosystems record a fascinating accurate, the associated online comments section provided transition in the history of life. Animals and plants had unfortunate contrast. The first entry was a typically trivial and previously lived only in the oceans, but, starting approxi- superficial anti-evolutionist’s jibe regarding these arachnids: mately 470 million years ago, began to colonize the “they look just like spiders do today. 300 million years and no previously barren continents. This paper provides an change. […] Kind of hard on the old evolution theory isn’tit?” introduction to this period in life’s history, first presenting When the comment’s author was asked to expand on his background information, before focusing on one animal beliefs, the response was an entirely predictable: “Why do I group, the arthropods. It gives examples of the organisms have to come up with an alternative for your useless theory?” living in early terrestrial communities and then outlines a This altercation encapsulates perfectly a common crea- suite of adaptations necessary for survival in harsh tionist mindset, one based on cursory (and often incorrect) terrestrial environments. Emphasis is placed on the role of observations coupled with complete ignorance (or at best uncertainty in science; this is an integral part of the patchy understanding) of the scientific context framing an scientific process, yet is often seized upon by god-of-the- argument.
    [Show full text]
  • <$Mericanjustum0f$Atnrai 1Stor
    THE FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE <$merican justum 0f $atnraI 1stor (CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK,) 77th Street and 8th Avenue. \4-ARCH, A. D. 1884. PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. WM. C. MARTIN, PRINTER, 111 JOHN STREET. I 1884. @1. THE FIFTEENTH ANNUAL RE<EPORtT OF THE ,meritan juseum af$atura .jistoru (CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK,) 77th Street and 8th Avenue. N'IARCH, A. D. 1884. NEW YORK: PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. 1884. American Museum of Natural History. Trustees. MORRIS K. JESUP. WILLIAM E. DODGE, JR. ROBERT COLGATE. JOSEPH W. DREXEL. BENJAMIN H. FIELD. ANDREW H. GREEN. ADRIAN ISELIN. ABRAM S. HEWITT. J. PIERPONT MORGAN. CHARLES LANIER. D. JACKSON STEWARD. HUGH AUCHINCLOSS. JOSEPH H. CHOATE. OLIVER HARRIMAN. PERCY R. PYNE. C. VANDERBILT. JOHN B. TREVOR. D. 0. MILLS. JAMES M. CONSTABLE. CHAS. G. LANDON. H. R. BISHOP. President. MORRIS K. JESUP. Vice-Presidents. ROBERT COLGATE. D. JACKSON STEWARD. Secretary. HUGH AUCHINCLOSS. Treasurer. J. PIERPONT MORGAN. Executive Committee. JAMES M. CONSTABLE. D. JACKSON STEWARD. ROBERT COLGATE. ADRIAN ISELIN. H. R. BISHOP Finance Committee. J. PIERPONT MORGAN. OLIVER HARRIMAN. D. 0. MILLS. Auditing Committee. PERCY R. PYNE. CHARLES LANIER. CHAS. G. LANDON. PROF. ALBERT S. BICKMORE, Superintendent. PROF. R. P. WHITFIELD, Curator of Geology. DR. J. B. HOLDER, Curator of Zobloqy. J. J. BARGIN, Assistant Secretary. L. P. GRATACAP, Assistant Curator of Geology. A. WOODWARD, Librarian. ii,,1,NE--.1llll X LId :$;0\\ U I; FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 1883. The Trustees of the AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY herewith present their Fifteenth Annual Report, to the Patrons, Fellows and Members of the Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Fossil Collections in Scotland Review of Fossil Collections in Scotland
    Detail of the Upper Devonian fishHoloptychius from Dura Den, Fife. © Perth Museum & Art Gallery, Perth & Kinross Council Review of Fossil Collections in Scotland Review of Fossil Collections in Scotland Contents Introduction 3 Background 3 Aims of the Collections Review 4 Methodology 4 Terminology 5 Summary of fossil material 6 Influences on collections 14 Collections by region Aberdeen and North East 17 Elgin Museum (Moray Society) 18 Falconer Museum (Moray Council) 21 Stonehaven Tolbooth Museum 23 The Discovery Centre (Live Life Aberdeenshire) 24 Arbuthnot Museum (Live Life Aberdeenshire) 27 Zoology Museum (University of Aberdeen Museums) 28 Meston Science Building (University of Aberdeen Museums) 30 Blairs Museum 37 Highlands and Islands 38 Inverness Museum and Art Gallery (High Life Highland) 39 Nairn Museum 42 West Highland Museum (West Highland Museum Trust) 44 Brora Heritage Centre (Brora Heritage Trust) 45 Dunrobin Castle Museum 46 Timespan (Timespan Heritage and Arts Society) 48 Stromness Museum (Orkney Natural History Society) 50 Orkney Fossil and Heritage Centre 53 Shetland Museum and Archives (Shetland Amenity Trust) 56 Bute Museum (Bute Museum Trust) 58 Hugh Miller’s Birthplace Cottage and Museum (National Trust for Scotland) 59 Treasures of the Earth 62 Staffin Dinosaur Museum 63 Gairloch Museum (Gairloch & District Heritage Company Ltd) 65 Tayside, Central and Fife 66 Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum 67 Perth Museum and Art Gallery (Culture Perth and Kinross) 69 The McManus: Dundee’s Art Gallery and Museum (Leisure
    [Show full text]
  • Randol Wehrbein Thesis.Pdf
    Comparisons of Paleoenvironments, Taxa, and Taphonomy of the Late Carboniferous Garnett and Hamilton Quarry Localities, Eastern Kansas ______________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Department of Physical Sciences EMPORIA STATE UNIVERSITY ______________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Sciences ______________________________ by Randol Louis Wehrbein May 2017 iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Department of Physical Sciences at Emporia State University (ESU) for funding my research through the NASA Space grant and graduate assistant position during my time at ESU. Additionally, I would like to thank the Graduate School at ESU for funding my research thought the Harold Durst Graduate Research Award and Graduate Research grant. I would also like to thank the Kansas Geological Foundation for funding through their student scholarship. I would like to thank the Denver Museum on Nature and Science for access of their collections, use of their facilities and equipment, and use of a copyrighted photograph. I would like to thank Brian Madeira for aid in museum work at ESU, and Derrick Stockton for aid in both field and museum work at ESU. I would like to thank the Interlibrary Loan personnel at ESU, for I made them work a lot. I also wish to extend thanks to the members of my committee. Furthermore, I would like to thank my friend, Jared Krenke, for copy editing my thesis because we both know (to quote the late Dr. Larry Martin) “I can’t spell my way out of a wet paper bag.” Finally, I wish to acknowledge the late Dr. Larry Martin for piquing my interest in both Garnett and Hamilton Quarry as an undergraduate.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Dimorphism in Pill Millipedes (Diplopoda) © 2018 JEZS Received: 06-11-2017
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(1): 613-616 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2018; 6(1): 613-616 Sexual dimorphism in pill millipedes (Diplopoda) © 2018 JEZS Received: 06-11-2017 Accepted: 07-12-2017 Mark Ian Cooper Mark Ian Cooper Preller St, Muckleneuk, Pretoria, Abstract 0002, South Africa Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) was investigated in the millipede genus Sphaerotherium. Width was extracted from Attems (1928) monograph and used to compare interspecific variation in mean volumes using a geometric morphometric approach. Based on the formula for a sphere (4/3. π. r3), volume was calculated in seven species and an allometric coefficient of 0.7 found. The allometric equation generated for the genus was ŷ = 0.00251X + 57211.22445. Correlation between SSD and body sizes (R = 0.749728; P = 0.00202; n=7) does now reject Rensch’s rule in Sphaerotherium. Keywords: Allometry, pill millipede, Rensch’s rule, Sphaerotherium 1. Introduction Diplopoda are underrepresented in allometric analyses of SSD, although sexual differences are known in body mass, length, width and leg dimensions of over half the taxa studied [1-3]. Size differences occur with factors such as color, sexes, species, urbanisation and water relations [4- 8]. Diplopoda resemble the majority of invertebrates where SSD is reversed [9]. SSD has [10-14] consequences for the outcome of sexual encounters in diplopod mating . The detection of [15-16] a relationship between body size and SSD is known as Rensch’s rule . Rensch’s rule may be explained as sexual selection [17-21]. The macro-evolutionary pattern is being resolved in the class Diplopoda [53-54].
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Palaeobiological Exploration of Arthropod Terrestrialization
    A molecular palaeobiological exploration of arthropod terrestrialization The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Lozano-Fernandez, Jesus, Robert Carton, Alastair R. Tanner, Mark N. Puttick, Mark Blaxter, Jakob Vinther, Jørgen Olesen, Gonzalo Giribet, Gregory D. Edgecombe, and Davide Pisani. 2016. “A molecular palaeobiological exploration of arthropod terrestrialization.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371 (1699): 20150133. doi:10.1098/ rstb.2015.0133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0133. Published Version doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0133 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27822339 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA A molecular palaeobiological exploration of arthropod terrestrialization rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Jesus Lozano-Fernandez1,2, Robert Carton3, Alastair R. Tanner2, Mark N. Puttick1, Mark Blaxter4, Jakob Vinther1,2, Jørgen Olesen5, Gonzalo Giribet6, Gregory D. Edgecombe7 and Davide Pisani1,2 Review 1School of Earth Sciences, and 2School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK Cite this article: Lozano-Fernandez J et al. 3Department of Biology, The National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland 2016 A molecular palaeobiological exploration 4Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3TF, UK 5 of arthropod terrestrialization. Phil. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Trans.
    [Show full text]
  • The Herefordshire Lagerstätte: Fleshing out Silurian Marine Life
    Downloaded from http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 26, 2021 Review Focus Journal of the Geological Society Published Online First https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-110 The Herefordshire Lagerstätte: fleshing out Silurian marine life Derek J. Siveter1,2*, Derek E. G. Briggs3, David J. Siveter4 & Mark D. Sutton5 1 Earth Collections, University Museum of Natural History, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK 3 Department of Geology and Geophysics and Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, PO Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA 4 School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK 5 Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UK DeJS, 0000-0002-5305-2192; DEGB, 0000-0003-0649-6417; DaJS, 0000-0002-1716-5819; MDS, 0000-0002-7137-7572 * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Herefordshire Lagerstätte (c. 430 Ma) from the UK is a rare example of soft-tissue preservation in the Silurian. It yields a wide range of invertebrates in unparalleled three-dimensional detail, dominated by arthropods and sponges. The fossils are exceptionally preserved as calcitic void infills in early diagenetic carbonate concretions within a volcaniclastic (bentonite) horizon. The Lagerstätte occurs in an outer shelf/upper slope setting in the Welsh Basin, which was located on Avalonia in the southern subtropics. The specimens are investigated by serial grinding, digital photography and rendering in the round as ‘virtual fossils’ by computer. The fossils contribute much to our understanding of the palaeobiology and early history of the groups represented.
    [Show full text]