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The Myxophyceae of the Bombay Presidency, India.—I

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The Myxophyceae of the Bombay Presidency, India.—I THE MYXOPHYCEAE OF THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY, INDIA.-I. BY S. C. DIXIT, M.A., M.Sc., Wilson College, Bombay. Received December 26, 1935. (Communicated by Prof. Y. Bharadwaja, M.se., Ph.D. (Lond), r.r,.s.) HANSGIRG was one of those persons who travelled a lot in tropical countries and, though principally engaged in other ways, made large collections of plants. He collected some Myxophyceee from the Bombay Presidency, and these algae were later determined and recorded by others. After Hansgirg no record was made of the blue-green algae of this province. Professor V. N. Hate, however, started collecting these algae as late as 1922, and he was followed by the writer in the same pursuit in 1927. It is now desired to record the whole myxophyceous flora of this Presidency in parts, and the present account relates to the Myxophyce e of the Bombay Islands' only. Hansgirg's collections, as recorded by De Toni, 2 reveal that he established only nine new species from Bombay proper. The writer, in spite of careful search, has not been able to come across five of then, viz., (1) Meyismopedium minimum3 G. Beck, (2) Phormidium Hansgirgi Schmidle, (3) Campylonema indicum4 Schmidle, (4) Hapalosiphon Hansgiygi5 Schmidle, and (5) Leptocheete Hansgirgi Schmidle. Bombay has no natural reservoirs, but there are a few mill and temple tanks. The Salsette island, however, has good many brooks, rivulets and i The Bombay Islands (viz., Bombay proper and Salsette) are situated in latitude 18° 54' N. and longitude 72° 49' 1'., being almost at sea-level. The hottest months are April, May and June and their mean maximum temperature is 89.1°F., the highest temperature recorded being 100.7°F. December, January and February are the coldest months and they record a mean minimum temperature of 68.8°F., the extreme minimum temperature being 53.1 F. June, July, August and September are the chief rainy months, and during this period the average amount of rainfall is about 67.13", the average annual rainfall being 70.54". 2 Sylloge Algarum, Vol. V, Myxophyceae, 1907. 3 De Toni (op. cit., 1907, p. 108) records this alga as Merisinopedium minimum G. Beck, while Geitler (in Rabenhorst's Kryptoganien-flora von Europa, XIV Band, Cyanophyceee, 1930- 32, p. 263) writes it as Merismopedia minima G. Beck. 4 De Toni (op. cit., 1907, p. 540) records it as Campylonema indicum Schmidle, but Geitler (op. cit., 1930-32, p. 705) writes it as Camptylonema iedicum Schmidle. The position of Hapalosiphon Hansgirgi Schmidle (syn. Mastigocladus Hansgirgi Schmidle) is doubtful. Geitler (op. cit., 1930-32, p. 558) regards it to be a member of the Scytonemataceoe, while Kisselewa (Jour. Russ, .Bo (, Ges., 15, 1930) actually refers it to the genus Scytonematopsis, 93 94 S. C. Dixit water courses. Most of the places near the sea are low water-logged areas on which paddy is extensively cultivated. Besides, there are three small lakes and a number of small ponds between the hilly parts of the island. All these situations together with the coastal areas, helped by the heavy annual rain- fall, serve as the most suitable habitats for the luxuriant growth of the Myxophyceae, the island of Salsette being far richer than that of Bombay. The analysis of water from different localities has shown that the algae which grow in waters containing high percentage of salt (i.e., sea-water) are (1) A75hanocaasa litoralis Hansg. var. macrococca Hansg., (2) Anabeena orientalis Sp. Nov., (3) Spirulina subsalsa Oerst., (4) Spirulina major Kütz., (5) Oscillatoria sancta (Kütz.) Gom., (6) Oscillatoria acuminata Gom., (7) Lyngbya cestuarii Liebm., (8) Lyngbya majuscula Harvey, (9) Lyngbya confer- voides Agardh, and (10) Microcoleus chthonoplastes Thuret, while the rest are _ either sub-aerial or freshwater forms. From amongst the former type of algae all the forms except Spirulina subsalsa Oerst. have been noticed to migrate into freshwater. In all thirty-six forms have been recorded in this paper, out of which six have been found on moist soil, four grow on stones or rocks, three cover the bark of trees, and the rest are aquatic forms. There are three new species, six new varieties, and eight new forms. The Myxophyceee are generally preserved either in alcohol or in weak formalin, or sometimes in a mixture of both, with or without some glacial- acetic acid. The writer, however, kept his collections in the following solution which has been found to be an equally good preservative :- Copper nitrate .. 0.2 gms. Copper chloride .. 0.2 Glacial-acetic acid .. 0.5 c.c. 2% formalin solution to make up 100 c.c. SYSTEMATIC ENUMERATION OF THE SPECIES OBSRRVED. 6 I. CHROOCOCCALES. Chroococcaceae. Genus .Microcystis Kützing. 1. Microcystis caruginosa Kütz. Geitler, in Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen- flora von Europa, XIV Band, Cyanophyceae, 1930-32, p. 136, Fig. 59 d. I,at. cell., 3.5/.L. Habitat.—Vihar Lake. (September) u The classification given by Geitler (op. cit., 1930-32) has been followed in this paper, The Myxophycece of the Bombay Presidency, India—I 95 2. Microcystis flos-aqua (Witty.) Kirchn. Lemmermann, Kryptogamen- flora d. Mark Brandenburg, iii, Algen I, 1910, p. 75; Smith, Ecology of the Plankton Algce of the Palisades Interstate Park, Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1924, Pl. 3, Fig. 13. Lat. cell., 4 µ. Habitat.--In ponds and tanks near Hindu temples, Khar. (July) Genus A j5hanocapsa Nägeli. 3. Aphanocapsa litoralis Hansg. var. macrococca Hansg. Geitler, op. cit., 1930-32, p. 153. (Fig. 1, A). Lat. cell., 4.5-10 µ. Habitat.—On soil near sea-shore at Chowpaty. (August) Genus Aphanothece Nägeli. 4. Aphanothece fiallida (Kiitz.) Rabenh. Geitler,- op. cit., 1930-32, p. 172, Fig. 78. Forma minor. Form. Nov. Diam colon., up to 1 .8 cm. ; lat. cell., 2.5-4 j; long, cell., up to 6.5 j.; lat. cell., cum vag., 5.5-9 . ; long, cell, cum vag., 7.5-12 ,u. Iabitat.—On the bed of a stagnant rivulet, Santa Cruz (August), and Kurla (October). This form differs from the type in the smaller dimensions of the cells. Genus Glceocapsa Kiitz., emend. Nägeli. 5. Glceocapsa atrata (Turp.) Kütz. Geitler, op. cit., 1930-32, p. 186, Pig. 83 c. Diam. colon., tip to 30 µ. ; lat. cell., 3.5 µ ; lat, cell, cum vag., 6.2-12.5 µ. Habitat.—On a rocky river-bed, Borivali. (V. N. Hate; October). Genus Chroococcus Nägeli. 6. Chroococcus pallidus Nag. Geitler,,op. cit., p. 239, Fig. 116 b. Forma. L,at. cell., 5-6 t.L ; long. cell., 5-7 .5 µ ; lat, cell, cum vag., 11 .2 long, cell, cum vag., 14 µ. Habitat.—On stone-walls of Mandapeshvar (Borivali) and Jogeshvari caves. (August and September) The form differs from the type in the thick yellow-brown sheath, 96 S. C. Dixit FiG. I —A. Aphanocapsa litoralis Hansg. var. macrococca Hansg. B—H.—Gla?otrichia Raciborskii Wolosz. B, mature and C. young filaments of var. salsettense Var. Nov.; D, basal, and B, terminal portions of the filaments of var. bornbayense Var. Nov., F and G, basal, and H, terminal portions of var. con ica Var. Nov. A X910; B and C x580; D and B x675; F-H x675. II. HORMOGONEALES. (a) Nostochol5sidacece. Genus Nostochopsis Wood. 7. Nostochojisis Hansgirgi Schmidle. Geitler, obi. cit., 1930-32, p. 479, Fig. 289. Diam. trich., 1 •2-3 i; lat. het., 4-5 p.; long. het., 6.5-7.5 µ. Habitat.—On rocks in a rivulet near Goregaon, (September) The Myxophycece of the Bombay Presidency, India--I 97 (b) Ri vulariacecc. Genus Glceotrichia Agardh. 8. Gkeotrichia 12aciborskii Woloszynska. Geitler, op. cit., 1930-32, p. 637, Fig. 405 a. Var. salsettense, Var. Nov. (Fig. 1, B and C). Diam. strat., 1 cm. ; long. fil., 880 µ ; diara. trich., 5-9 t; crass vag., up to 2 IL; lat. het., 7 .5-14 µ ; long. het., 10-12.5 j; lat. spor., 12.5--15 IL; long. spor., up to 67.5 µ. Habitat.—Free-floating in a forest pool, Borivali. (September) This alga differs from the type in the much bigger thallus, in the hyaline sheath showing distinct divergent stratification throughout its length, in the broader heterocysts, and in ,the narrower spores. It also differs from the var. Lilienfeldiana (Wol.) Geitler (Geitler, op. cit., 1930-32, P. 637, Fig. 405 b) on account of the sheath being thicker and stratified, and the spores being generally thinner and slightly more elongated. Var. bombayense, Var. Nov. (Fig. 1, D and E). Diam. fil., tip to 22 •5 µ ; diam. trich., 3.5-6.5 µ ; lat. het., 10-12 .5 µ long. het., 8.5-10 p.; lat. spor., 8.5-12 •5 µ ; long. spor., 37 •5 µ. Habitat.—Free-floating in a stagnant rivulet, Goregaon. (September) The sheath in this form is brown, but the stratification is not very distinct. This variety differs from the type in the thinner trichomes, larger heterocysts, and smaller spores. Var. conica, Var. Nov. (Fig. 1, F-H). Diam. fil., 30-37.5 p.; long. fi1., 550 p.; diam. trich., 5-7 .5 p.; lat. het., 10 p.; long. het., 7 .5 µ ; lat. spor., 8.5-11.5 p.; long. spor., 55 p. Habitat.—Free-floating or attached to Chara zeylanica Wild, in a stag- nant pond., Santa Cruz. (August) This variety can be compared with var. Lilienfeldiana (Wol.) Geitler on account of the length of the spores and the breadth of the heterocysts. But it differs in the narrower trichomes and much thinner spores. The development of the brown sheath in this alga is sometimes so great at the base of the filament that it may altogether enclose the basal heterocyst.
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