Comparative Gene Mapping in the Domestic Cat (Felis Catus)
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Comparative Gene Mapping in the Domestic Cat (Felis catus) S. J. O'Brien, S. J. Cevario, J. S. Martenson, M. A. Thompson, W. G. Nash, E. Chang, J. A. M. Graves, J. A. Spencer, K.-W. Cho, H. Tsujimoto, and L. A. Lyons The genetic map of the domestic cat has been developed as a model for studying Downloaded from both feline analogues of human genetic disease and comparative genome organi- zation of mammals. We present here the results of syntenic mapping of 35 genes based upon concordant occurrence of feline gene homologues with feline chro- mosomes and previously mapped loci in a panel of 41 rodent x cat somatic cell hybrids. These somatic cell hybrids retain rodent chromosomes and segregate fe- http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/ line chromosomes, but in different combinations in each hybrid cell line. Thirty- three of the 35 new locus assignments extend and reaffirm conserved chromosome segment homologies between the human and cat genomes previously recognized by comparative mapping and zoo-FISH. These results demonstrate the extensive syntenic conservation between the human and feline genomes and extend the fe- line gene map to Include 105 assigned loci. Genetic mapping of homologous loci in di- ical comparisons (Lyons et aJ. 1994, 1997; verse species reveals that genomic orga- Nash and O'Brien 1982, O'Brien and Nash nization is not a random process (Com- 1982; O'Brien et al. 1993, 1997). More re- at University of California, Davis - Library on September 12, 2012 parative Genome Organization 1996; Co- cently, reciprocal chromosome painting peland et al. 1993; DeBry and Seldin 1996; using individual probes from flow-sorted Nadeau et al. 1995; O'Brien et al. 1988). human and feline metaphase chromo- Blocks of linked genes have been shown somes has demonstrated by direct obser- to be preserved throughout evolution and vation the conservation between the fe- these blocks can exist intact in species as line and human genome organizations diverse as humans and flies. This concept (O'Brien et al. 1997; Wienberg et al., in is best exemplified by the comparison of press). genomic localizations of homologous Pathological analogues of over 30 inher- genes that have been mapped in both hu- ited human diseases have been described mans and mice. Approximately 130 chro- in the domestic cat (Migaki 1982; Nicholas mosomal segments are shown to be con- and Harper 1996; Nicholas et al. 1996). Fe- served when homologous genes are lines are also an excellent model for infec- aligned in the two species [Comparative tious and acquired diseases, specifically Genome Organization 1996; Copeland et feline leukemia virus (Hardy et al. 1980) al. 1993; DeBry and Seldin 1996; Nadeau et and feline immunodeficiency virus (Car- al. 1995; Mouse Genome Database (MGD)]. penter and O'Brien 1995; Pedersen 1993). The conserved segments likely reflect an Feline leukemia is an extensively studied From the Laboratory of Genomlc Diversity, National ancestral genomic organization that has model for virus-induced cancer, while fe- Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and De- been inherited throughout the evolution line immunodeficiency virus induces feline velopment Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (O'Brien, Cevario, Martenson, Thompson, and Lyons), H&W Cy- of rodents and primates. Similar conclu- AIDS. Extension of the cat gene map will togenetlc Services, Inc., Lovettsvllle, Virginia (Nash), sions were reached when comparison of facilitate disease gene analyses and the fe- the Lombardl Cancer Center, Georgetown University, human and cattle gene maps revealed ex- line genome can serve as the carnivore Washington, D.C. (Chang), the Department of Genetics and Human variation. La Trobe University, Bundoora, tensive conserved syntenic segments representative for genome evolutionary Victoria, Australia (Graves and Spencer), and the De- (Barendse et al. 1994; Bishop et al. 1994; studies. partment of Veterinary Internal Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Tsu)lmoto, Cho). This paper was Ma et al. 1996; Womack and Kata 1995). We are continuing to develop the genet- delivered at a symposium entitled "Interspedes Hy- The feline genome has also proven to ic map of the cat using both type 1 (coding brids In Mammals" In association with the New Zea- land Genetical Society and Australasian Gene Mapping have a genomic organization highly con- gene) and type n (microsatellite markers) Workshop In Dunedln, New Zealand, from November served relative to human. This conserva- loci (Menotti-Raymond and O'Brien 1995; 30-December 1, 1995. tion has been evident by both compara- O'Brien 1991; O'Brien et al. 1993). In the Journal of Heredity 1997^8:408-414; 0022-1503/97/15.00 tive gene mapping and G-banded cytolog- present study, 35 genes are assigned to fe- 408 Table 1. Molecular gene clone* used to track feline homologues In Southern blot analyses Species of R.E. Mouse/ Gene symbol Clone Vector Insert (Kb) R.E.- origin Hamster Reference/Source ABU pAOgl pUC19 1.2&ORI Feline Bg/U Blochlmica et Blophysica Acta 824:104-112, 1985 ARAF1 SAraQ81 pUC19 I.6&0RI Mouse Bg/U Mol Cell Biol 6:2655-2662, 1986 CD8A pT8Fl pSP6 1.7£coRI Human BamHl Cell 40:241, 1985 COL1A1 Hf677 pBR322 1.8£coRl Human Bg/1 ATCC #61322 CSF1R EGFR pAEBamRI pBR322 BamHl/EcoW Avian BamHI ATCC #41019 EGR1 EGR1 pUC13 3.1 £coRI Mouse Bg/II Sukhatme (unpublished) F9 pf9 pGEM 1.5 Human PsA Nature 299:178-180, 1982 FES pA08g pAT153 tf/ndUI/£coRI Feline Kpn\ Gene 35:33-43, 1985 FGF1 EGG177 pDH15 2.2 EcoRl Human EcoKi/Bgl II Science 233:541-545, 1986 FGF3 p39A pUC12 0.6 7a<7l Mouse BamHI R. Cardiff FOS p(os-l pBR322 0.9 ft/I Mouse J. Virol 44:674, 19?? FYN pFyn pucl9 1.6 tfincIU/fcoRl ftrl/BamHI ATCC GU pKK36pl pGem3 1.55 ft/1 Human Bgill/Bamrfl Science 236.70-73, 1987 H0XA4 Hox 1.4 pBR322 0.98 Windlll Human 6:oRI Genomics 5:250-258, 1989 pUC EJ6.6 HRAS pUC13 6.6 BamHI Human Sad ATCC #41028 Downloaded from HRASP pBR-NT pBR322 10.7 BamHI Human ATCC #41001 ILIA IL-la pBR322 1 7 EcoRl/HwdlW Human BamVA DA1NIPPON Pharmaceutical CO:LTD IL8 IL8 pucl9 0.5, 1.2&ORI Human EcoN J Exp Med 167:1883, 1988 JUN pHJ 0 9ftrt Human flg/II Bohman KIT phcldt-171 pUC19 1.25 Ssl\ Human ftrt/Bg/I ATCC #59492 KRAS2 pSWll-1 pUC13 0.6, 0.5 ft/I/£coRI Human Sad ATCC #41027 MOS pAB pBR322 0.6 Aval/BamHl Mouse EcofQ G. Vande Woude MYB c-myb pUC18 0.5£coRl Mouse Bg/II PNAS 835010-5014, 1986 http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/ MYC pHSR-1 pBR322 9.0 EcoRl Human ATCC #41010 MYCN pNB-1-Sub pGem3 1.0£coRI/BamHI Human Bg/D ATCC #41011 NRAS p52C pUC12 1.5£coRl Human Sad ATCC #41030 ore pOTC pUC9 1.3 Rat ft/I Eur J Blochem 143:183-187, 1984 PDGFB pPHS-1 pUC18 1.3 BamHl Feline BglO Gene 3533-43, 1985 PIM1 phplm5R] pyt 3.6 £coRl Human Ssl\ ATCC #59168 ROS1 pROS pBR322 0.8 PvM/EcoRl Avian Hindin/HindlU B. Vogelstein SRC phu-csrc pUC8 \.7 Hindm/EcoRl Human Bgifl Mol Cell Blol 5:831-338, 1985 THRA1 pHE-Al pBR322 3.9 £coRJ Human BamHl/Ssti J Virol 36(2):575-585, 1980 WNT1 pMT2.5 pBR322 2.5 BamHl/firoRI Mouse Ssfi Cell 31:99-109, 1982 YES1 pXEyes pUC19 0.55 £coRJ/ftrt Human ft/I ATCC #57582 at University of California, Davis - Library on September 12, 2012 • Restriction eiuymes used to release the Insert from the vector. line chromosomes by Southern blot anal- O'Brien and Nash 1982). Hybrid lines were following standard protocols (Modi et al. yses using a panel of somatic cell hybrids characterized by chromosomal G-banding 1987) with the following modifications. between rodent and feline cells (O'Brien and isozyme typing, which has been de- Southern blots were hybridized for 40 h at and Nash 1982). Each hybrid cell line has scribed (Berman et al. 1986; Gilbert et al. 37°C in 50% formamide, 1 M NaCl, 50 mM been karyotyped to identify the retained 1988; Masuda et al. 1991; Nash and O'Brien PIPES (pH 6.8), 200 ng/ml denatured salm- feline chromosomes. Seventy genes have 1982; O'Brien and Nash 1982). The feline on sperm DNA, 10 mM EDTA, and 10X been previously mapped using this same chromosomal constitution of a single pas- Denhardt's solution (0.2% Ficoll, 0.2% po- hybrid panel. Thirty-three of the new gene sage for each hybrid cell line Is presented lyvinylpyrrolidone, and 0.2% bovine se- assignments could be predicted by previ- in Table 2. Genotypes for all passages of rum albumin). The gene-specific insert for ous mapping data that delineated blocks every member of the cell panel are includ- each probe was isolated from the vector of chromosomal segments that are con- ed in the Web site for the Laboratory of using the appropriate restriction enzymes served between felines and humans. The Genomic Diversity (http://www.nci.nih.gov/ (Table 1). The inserts were separated new genes increased the genetic map of intra/lgd/lgdpage.html). from the vectors by agarose-gel electro- the cat to 105 loci, which encompasses 18 DNA was purified from the parental and phoresis and the inserts were isolated by of the 19 feline chromosomes (27V = 38), the 42 hybrid cell lines by standard phenol excision from the gels followed by purifi- showing 15 multigene blocks of conserved and chloroform extraction methods (Man- cation with GeneClean (Bio 101).