A Synergy of the Thousand Islands Tourism Office with Pokdarwis (Tourism Awareness Group) in the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pramuka Island, Thousand Islands Regency

Budiarto Dosen Akademi Pariwisata , [email protected]

Abstract Pramuka Island is one of the marine tourism destinations that develops in the Thousand Islands Administrative District of DKI Jakarta. This study aimed to analyze the

the Pramuka Island Tourism Awareness Group in developing sustainable tourism. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection are from observations, interviews, and documentation. The selection of informants used the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques used the data triangulation model. This study indicated that synergy had been established in two phases, namely synergy in the planning phase of tourism development and in the phase of implementing work programs. However, not all work programs can be realized, where there are work programs that do not work in the synergy between the two because they are bumped into a higher policy, dealing with the policy of the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta Keywords: Synergy, Tourism Development, Thousand Islands Background welfare with optimal utilization. Indonesia is the largest archipelagic One area that has marine potential and country in the world, with an area of began to be developed into a tourist 1,904,569 km2 and a total of 17,508 destination in the Thousand Islands region, islands. The Indonesian region has a which is administratively located in DKI strategic geographical value because it is Jakarta Province. Thousand Islands is one located on the equator and belongs to the of the tourist destinations that is currently Southeast Asian region, flanked by two an alternative for Jakarta and surrounding continents, Asia and Australia, and two areas to fill holiday time through tourist oceans, Pacific and Indian. With a activities. The Thousand Islands location, coastline distance of more than 81,000 km which is close to Jakarta and can be and a sea area of about 3.1 million km2, reached within 1-3 hours without finding a traffic jam, makes this area a choice known as the countries with the greatest destination for the people of Jakarta. marine biodiversity and biodiversity in the world with coastal ecosystems such as development as a tourist destination is in mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrass beds line with Government Regulation No. 50 (Dahuri et al. 1996). The potential existing of 2011 concerning the National Tourism in the coastal and marine areas provides Development Master Plan that the

98 Jurnal EDUTURISMA, Edisi ke-7, Volume IV Nomor 1, Periode Juni 2019 November 2019 Thousand Islands is one of the priority community involvement in managing destinations to be developed. The tourism resources in the Islands becomes Thousand Islands is a group of islands with an important thing. There are 13 indicators high biodiversity and underwater ecosystems of high value. They belong to 2002), covering community participation, the Thousand Islands National Park institutions, infrastructure, private (TINP) area, which has 107,489 ha under involvement, transportation, human the determination of boundaries and resources, regulations and policies, land location in the National Park through management, employment opportunities, Minister of Forestry Decree Number 6310 community partnerships, government and / Kpts-II / 2002 dated June 13, 2002. The private, financial, and promotion Thousand Islands Region, which includes management. Two essential things affect land and water spaces, can be developed the development of tourism, namely its and significantly increased the relationship with formal and non-formal nd the region (Prasetyo, 2011). The natural resources in purpose is a group of people who have a the form of biodiversity of flora and fauna working relationship, have a common owned by the Thousand Islands region are goal, and have an organizational structure natural potentials that attract tourists and to maintain development and tourism - development. cultural environment archipelagic fishing The management and development community culture. plan of tourism certainly requires As a government agency that deals cooperation between the government and with tourism, the Thousand Islands the community. Community participation Tourism Office (Sudinpar) has a vision of in tourism development in the Thousand Islands, particularly in Pramuka island, is - minimum. It affected collaboration for Thousand Islands managing Pramuka Island not optimal. a sustainable tourism area. The Tourism The importance of community Sub-Department has the main task of empowerment as a form of synergy in carrying out development, service, tourism development as an activity based management, and monitoring of tourism on the community, by mainstreaming that and cultural activities and empowering the resources and uniqueness in the communities, cultural performances, community in the form of physical or non- exhibitions, building tourism facilities and physical elements (traditions and culture) infrastructure following the technical inherent in the community must be a policies set by the Head of Office Tourism driving element main activity of tourism and Culture of DKI Jakarta Province and itself. So far, the existing institutions in the operational policies set by the Regent of community are represented by the Tourism the Kepulauan Seribu Regency. Awareness Group (Pokdarwis), which is Community empowerment is one of an institution at the community level the Thousand Islands Tourism Sub- whose members consist of tourism actors who have concern and responsibility and

Jurnal EDUTURISMA, Edisi ke-9, Volume V Nomor 1, Periode Juni - November 2020 99 play a role as a motivator in supporting the forums as the communication media for creation of a conducive climate for tourism tourism producers on the thousand islands, growth and development and the especially in the Pramuka Island. realization of tourism. Sapta Pesona in While the objective of this study, enhancing regional development through based on the above description is to tourism and its benefits for the welfare of the surrounding community. According to (Sudinpar and Pokdarwis). the Pokdarwis guidelines of the Ministry of Literature Review Tourism, this Pokdarwis is a self-help group and community initiative in which The certain destination are measured social activities seek to: (1) Increase by its proximity, access ease, attractions, community understanding of tourism, (2) availability of accommodation, amenities Increase the role and community and human resource as the prime mover. In participation in tourism development (3) managing tourist destionation all parties as Increase the value of tourism benefits for stakeholders should perceive that synergy the community/Pokdarwis members, (4) as mandatory(Ritchie and Crouch, 2003). Successful tourism development. In regard Synergy means a combination of elements to the existing condition the research or parts that can produce something better question is drawn as follows: or bigger. According to the Big Indonesian RQ: How the stakeholders united Dictionary, synergy means joint activities top promote cooperation aiming to or operations. Castell et al mention boost tourist satisfaction and flow to synergy derived from the Greek word Pramuka Island. The successful development of Harwood, 2000). Covey in Wati (2013) tourism is not done alone by the local government but requires coordination with combination of elements or parts that can other stakeholders. There needs to be synergy between the government and the Naudé et al, Heyns, Bester, Puig and community. This synergy is expected to Tucker business units or companies to support the development of tourism in the create more excellent work value together Thousand Islands. However, problems than they would work separately, while often occur related to government Also (1996) identifies synergism as a programs to prepare the Thousand Islands discrete cooperative action an institution community to participate in marine such that the total effect is greater than the tourism development. The trend of those number of securities taken independently. involved in managing the Thousand When organizations exploit their uniqueness, the resources reach synergy. effects are beginning to show. As the Steinfield et al (2001) describe a synergy principles of qualified, responsible, and strategy as one in which an organization environment-wise management and explicitly links its virtual and physical governance of tourism enterprises began to presence, utilizing the power of each be degraded, and the lack of the structure channel it has. and function of existing governance

100 Jurnal EDUTURISMA, Edisi ke-7, Volume IV Nomor 1, Periode Juni 2019 November 2019 Gupta and Roos (2001) explain the efficiently achieve organizational goals concept of synergy as the interaction of (Stoner & Freeman, 1996). In addition to two or more intellectual capital resources coordination, communication is an from a previously sovereign organization, essential aspect in creating synergy. which increases the combined impact Communication is divided into two parts arising from value creation and (Sofyandi and Garniwa, 2007), namely: 1). competitive performance, the effect of source-oriented communication; which is greater than the number of communication is the activity by which a individual effects. Argenti (in Krumm, person (source) truly moves stimuli to get Dewulf & De Jonge, 1998) defines responses, and 2). recipient-oriented communication views communication as more different businesses, activities, or all activities in which a person (recipient) processes will create an overall value that responds to stimulus or stimulation. is greater than the sum of the individual Communication cannot stand alone parts. without coordination. Bungin (2006) states excellence created when the scale and that communication is an action to share speed of the economy combined with information, ideas, or opinions from each administrative coordination (Krumm et al., communication participant involved in it 1998) Harris (2004) argues that synergy to achieve the same meaning. represents a process dynamic, involves Communication and coordination are adaptation and learning, creates an essential in an organization for harmony or integration of solutions, requires joint integration between the tasks and work action by many people where the effect the carried out by one person or one part with total produced is greater than the number another part. In the context of this research, of impacts when acting independently. synergy is a process of integrating goals and activities between the Thousand requirements include indicators of Islands District Government and effective communication, fast feedback, Community Groups to coordinate and trust, and creativity (Doctoroff, 1977). communicate related to the marine tourism Synergy is a relationship between two or development of Pramuka Island. more parties to produce a communication Methodology level, faced with elements of cooperation and mutual trust. Therefore, synergy is a An analysis will be conducted relating collaboration process between several to Pramuka Island tourism, namely accessibility, supporting facilities and resources, and expertise to achieve infrastructure, amenities, tourism common and mutual goals. activities, industries related to tourism, The concept of coordination and stakeholders related to tourism, etc. We communication in this study was chosen as also analyzed the Jakarta Sudinpar a supporter of the synergy theory. Mooney program implementation of the Thousand explained coordination integrates the goals Islands District in the development of and activities of separate units (functional tourism in the Pramuka Islands and the parts or fields) in an organization to Pokdarwis.

Jurnal EDUTURISMA, Edisi ke-9, Volume V Nomor 1, Periode Juni - November 2020 101 The research location is in Pramuka descriptive qualitative by triangulation Island, which is administratively included method. in Pulau Panggang Village, Kepulauan Result and Analysis Seribu Utara District. Pulau Panggang Village consists of 13 islands and 1 group Tourism development activities, like of coral reefs with an area of 62.10 other sectors, essentially involve the role hectares. Pramuka Island is the of all existing and related stakeholders. administrative center of the Thousand The three intended stakeholders include Islands Administrative District. Pramuka government, private sector, and Island is one of the islan community, with their respective roles and who later became one of the marine functions. Following its duties and tourism centers in the Thousand Islands. authorities, the government carries out its Data collection used primary and role and function as a facilitator and secondary data sources. Primary data regulator in regulating tourism collections are observation and interviews. development activities. Private Observations are carried out to complete (business/tourism industry) with its locus marine tourism potency, resources, capital, and network carry out organizational or institutional activities their roles and functions as developers. Communities with their resources in the Sub-Department and Pokdarwis of form of customs, traditions, and culture Pramuka Island) data in this location, play the role of a host, act as tourism, related to the tourism development of and/or executor of the development of Pramuka Island. Interviews to explore in- tourism activities; depth related to existing tourism The tourism development of Thousand institutions and community participation Island belongs to one of the 10 National in tourism activities. These interview Tourism Strategic Areas under the activities will be conducted on key Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of informants, including (1) Head of Tourism Indonesia. To achieve goals, the regional Office of Thousand Islands Regency government of DKI Jakarta welcomed and Administration and their staffs; (2) Daily encouraged the accelerated development administrators of Pokdarwis group, (3) starting from infrastructure, human Communities related to tourism activities resources, and governance in the region. on Pramuka Island such as community The development of Pramuka Island leaders, catering service business owners, encourages increasing community homestay accommodation services, boat participation and involvement through the owners, local tour operator owners, and formation Pokdarwis (tourism awareness local guides; (4) Apparatus of the group) and fosters the synergy of Sudinpar Panggang-Pramuka island village. and Pokdarwis to implement the working Secondary data sources are from program. government institutions of the Thousand In this case, the Thousand Islands Islands Regency, previous research, Tourism Service (Sudinpar) is aware that literature study, and other references. Data developing sustainable tourism must collected are then analyzed using the involve public participation, especially as

102 Jurnal EDUTURISMA, Edisi ke-7, Volume IV Nomor 1, Periode Juni 2019 November 2019 tourism on the Pramuka Island is based on section. The training and development the community. On this basis, Sudinpar provided a stimulus to the community to guide training, homestay governance form Pokdarwis as a forum for training for homestay owners, diving guide implementing tourism awareness and training, and professional certification of tourism development on Pramuka Island. local tour guides and diving. Still, The stimulus given by the government Sudinpar organizes training plans, was very well received by the community prepares speakers, consumption, and and responded positively by community budgeting; while the Pokdarwis prepares a leaders and also the tourism industry place, participants will be trained by the players on Pramuka Island. Therefore, instructors or presenters provided by small discussions yet developed into an Sudinpar. extensive deliberation to realize a Based on the description above, there community group engaged in tourism. is a synergy between the tourism agency Establishing Pokdarwis working (in this case represented by Sudinpar) and program aligned with Sudinpar is one form of synergy between Sudinpar and the Ministry of Tourism also created some Pokdarwis. Also, Sudinpar provides meals training programs performed by Sudinpar for the event organized by Pokdarwis. and Pokdarwis. Pokdarwis assists in Positive response and feedback raise the providing participants and the venue. level of community trust in local For certification program for local government (Sudinpar). The emergence of guides and diving guides cooperated and community trust can be seen from the success of Pokdarwis to compile the work Pokdarwis and other islands such as the program, which is then handed over to fortunately of and Harapan Island. Sudinparpar. The creativity of the The pattern of cooperation is to provide community in compiling work programs is budget assistance to certify local guides quite high. It can be seen from the work and diving guides. The role of the programs that are laid out, such as the idea Pokdarwis is only to socialize and prepare of making artificial beaches, providing participants and the venue. It proved that welcome drinks, and places for night tourism activities. program had established a reasonably good The synergy between the Pokdarwis synergy between Sudinparpar and the and Sudinpar turned out well. The aspect Pramuka Island Pokdarwis. This of effective communication between the cooperation leads to maximize tourist two is going well to bring up feedback and satisfaction in the future aiming to gain trust. Besides, community creativity also sustainability( Ritchie and Crouch, 2003). arises in the preparation of the work From 2017 to 2018, the synergy program. between Pokdaris and Sudinpar has diminished, with the reduced intensity of training. Even towards the end of 2019, training and human resource development there is no synergy at all in communication and the tourism and memories attraction and feedback. It increasingly made the

Jurnal EDUTURISMA, Edisi ke-9, Volume V Nomor 1, Periode Juni - November 2020 103 value of trust between the two stretches so The Thousand Islands is designated as that creativity in Pokdarwis also the National Tourism Strategic Area, disappeared. In addition to the training and which will increase tourist visits. development section, the tourism Therefore, the Thousand Islands community should develop its abilities to program again turned out to be a synergy welcome the incoming tourists by joining between the Tourism Sub-Department and some training and development programs. Pokdarwis. The work program carried out by the tourism attraction and memories theory(2008), training and development section includes providing a welcome are processes for each individual to drink. achieve particular abilities needed to In addition to the night tour vehicle program, it turns out that several work Department of Tourism and Culture of The programs are a problem in this synergy, Thousand Islands must also empower its which is the work program for creating an tourism human resources capabilities artificial beach area. Pokdarwis realizes through training and developing programs. that there is no white sandy beach The training programs include tour guiding, homestay management, and SME attraction. Before excessive tourist activity entrepreneurship. Community with good and dense population, formerly Pramuka tourism capabilities can develop the Island had a white sandy beach. Along Thousand Islands as a National Strategic with the development of the white sand Tourism Area. beach was removed and closed into the Based on interview data, the Thousand island ring road. Therefore Pokdarwis Islands Department of Tourism and initiated and submitted a program proposal Culture Office played an active role in of making an artificial beach whose sand fostering the tourism industry by was taken from the excavation waste or the conducting technical guidance training for making of the northern pier of Pramuka business people in the tourism industry, Island. The program could not be approved mostly to tour guides, homestay managers, since the program should involve various and SME entrepreneurs, to improve the institutions within the Regency and the quality of service excellence. Based on Provincial Government. In this case, data from the work program of the Cultural synergy only occurs in planning but not in Tourism Department of the Thousand its implementation. Islands District Administration in Fiscal Of all the programs submitted by Year 2019, the last technical guidance Pokdarwis to the Sudinpar, only a few of program was diving tourism guides in them intersect with its working program April 2019. Technical training programs and create synergy. There are currently directly related to tourism actors in many working programs from Pokdarwis Pramuka Island are digital marketing, that have not been implemented properly service excellence, diving tour guides, and because of many clashes with the district tourism awareness. implementation involves Pokdarwis.

104 Jurnal EDUTURISMA, Edisi ke-7, Volume IV Nomor 1, Periode Juni 2019 November 2019 Conclusion A.F Stoner, James dan Edward Freeman (eds) 1996, ManajemenJilid I, terj. The Thousand Islands Administrative Alexander Sindoro, Jakarta: PT Prahallindo. Bungin, Burhan. 2006. Sosiologi still not optimal yet because of some Komunikasi. Jakarta: Kencana. development process obstacles. The Doctoroff, Michael. 1977. Synergistic limited budget also causes some programs Management. New York, AMACOM not yet performed. The role of Pokdarwis Press. Gupta, O. & Roos, G. (2001). Mergers and includes preserving and utilizing the area Acquisitions Through an Intellectual potencies for marine tourism, managing Capital Perspective. Journal of tourism activities, enhancing the capacity Intellectual Capital. and skills of tourism actors, and organizing Harwood, C.J. (2000). Review of groups of tourism actors. The Synergy of the Thousand Islands Systems In The Twenty- Tourism Office with Pokdarwis in by A.M. Castell, A.J. Gregory, G.A. developing tourism on Pramuka Island has Hindle, M.E. James and G. Ragsdall been established in two phases, notably (Eds), Kybernetes. planning and implementing phases for Harris, P.H. (2004). European Leadership working programs. The synergy starts In Cultural Synergy. European from the process of establishing the Business Review. Pokdarwis to formulating its working Krumm, J.M.M., Dewulf, G. & De Jonge, programs. The synergized working H. (1998). Managing Key Resources programs include training and and Capabilities : Pinpointing The development activities and professional Added Value. certification. Training carried out jointly Naudé, A., Heyns, D., Bester, C., Puig, J. are local guides, homestay and catering & Tucker, G. (2002). Synergies Within management, and diving training Barloworld. Unpublished Manuscript, programs. Barloworld Executive Development An effective and easy access Programme, Gordon Institute of communication supported the synergy Business Science, Johannesburg. between Sudinpar and Pokdarwis of Ritchie.J.B, Crouch.G.I.2003.The Pramuka Island. It resulted in the positive Competitive Destination:A feedback of Pokdarwis toward the local Sustainable Tourism government (represented by Sudinpar) Perspective,CABI Publishing, ISBN 0 programs. Still, some programs could not 85199 664 7 be implemented because of local Sofyandi, Herman & Garniwa, Iwa. (2007). Perilaku Organisasional, them were artifial beach and night tourism Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. transportation programs. Steinfield, C., De Wit, D., Adelaar, J., References Bruins, A., Fielt, E., Hoefsloot, M., Smit, A. & Bouwman, H. (2001).

Jurnal EDUTURISMA, Edisi ke-9, Volume V Nomor 1, Periode Juni - November 2020 105 Pillars of Virtual Enterprise : Wati, Susilo, Zauhar, Soesilo dan Ike Leveraging Physical Assets in The New Economy. The Journal of Policy, Implementation of Partnership Regulation and Strategy for Program in Gresik Regency Based on Telecommunications, Information and Governance Perspective (Case Study Media Administrsi Publik, Vol. 1, No. 5.

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