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Systematics, Evolution and Phylogeny of Annelida – a Morphological Perspective
Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 247–269 (2014) Published December 2014 ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://museumvictoria.com.au/about/books-and-journals/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/ Systematics, evolution and phylogeny of Annelida – a morphological perspective GÜNTER PURSCHKE1,*, CHRISTOPH BLEIDORN2 AND TORSTEN STRUCK3 1 Zoology and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany ([email protected]) 2 Molecular Evolution and Animal Systematics, University of Leipzig, Talstr. 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany (bleidorn@ rz.uni-leipzig.de) 3 Zoological Research Museum Alexander König, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany (torsten.struck.zfmk@uni- bonn.de) * To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Email: [email protected] Abstract Purschke, G., Bleidorn, C. and Struck, T. 2014. Systematics, evolution and phylogeny of Annelida – a morphological perspective . Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 247–269. Annelida, traditionally divided into Polychaeta and Clitellata, is an evolutionary ancient and ecologically important group today usually considered to be monophyletic. However, there is a long debate regarding the in-group relationships as well as the direction of evolutionary changes within the group. This debate is correlated to the extraordinary evolutionary diversity of this group. Although annelids may generally be characterised as organisms with multiple repetitions of identically organised segments and usually bearing certain other characters such as a collagenous cuticle, chitinous chaetae or nuchal organs, none of these are present in every subgroup. This is even true for the annelid key character, segmentation. The first morphology-based cladistic analyses of polychaetes showed Polychaeta and Clitellata as sister groups. -
Zootaxa 1668:245–264 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (Print Edition) ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (Online Edition)
Zootaxa 1668:245–264 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Annelida* GREG W. ROUSE1 & FREDRIK PLEIJEL2 1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla CA, 92093-0202, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Marine Ecology, Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory, Göteborg University, SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] *In: Zhang, Z.-Q. & Shear, W.A. (Eds) (2007) Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1668, 1–766. Table of contents Abstract . .245 Introduction . .245 Major polychaete taxa . .250 Monophyly of Annelida . .255 Molecular sequence data . 258 Rooting the annelid tree . .259 References . 261 Abstract The first annelids were formally described by Linnaeus (1758) and we here briefly review the history and composition of the group. The traditionally recognized classes were Polychaeta, Oligochaeta and Hirudinea. The latter two are now viewed as the taxon Clitellata, since recognizing Hirudinea with class rank renders Oligochaeta paraphyletic. Polychaeta appears to contain Clitellata, and so may be synonymous with Annelida. Current consensus would place previously rec- ognized phyla such as Echiura, Pogonophora, Sipuncula and Vestimentifera as annelids, though relationships among these and the various other annelid lineages are still unresolved. Key words: Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Clitellata, Echiura, Pogonophora, Vestimentifera, Sipuncula, phylogeny, review Introduction Annelida is a group commonly referred to as segmented worms, found worldwide in terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats. The first annelids were formally named by Linnaeus, including well-known forms such as the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758, the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758, and the sea-mouse Aphrodite aculeata Linnaeus, 1758. -
Distribution Patterns of Interstitial Polychaetes in Sandy Beaches of Southern Brazil Maikon Di Domenico1,2, Paulo Da Cunha Lana2 & Andre´ R
Marine Ecology. ISSN 0173-9565 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Distribution patterns of interstitial polychaetes in sandy beaches of southern Brazil Maikon Di Domenico1,2, Paulo da Cunha Lana2 & Andre´ R. S. Garraffoni3 1 Post-graduate Programme in Biological Sciences, Zoology, Universidade Federal do Parana´ , Parana´ , Brazil 2 Benthic Laboratory, Centre for Marine Studies, Universidade Federal do Parana´ , Parana´ , Brazil 3 Biological Sciences Department, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Brazil Keywords Abstract Beach morphodynamics; Brazil; density; dissipative; distribution patterns; diversity; This study describes the distribution patterns of interstitial polychaetes along exposed beach; interstitial polychaetes; morphodynamic gradients on six exposed sandy beaches in Santa Catarina and meiofauna; reflective; sandy beach. Parana´ (South Brazil). Three random transects were sampled at two points on each beach, one at the swash and another at the surf zone, in winter and sum- Correspondence mer conditions. Six sediment replicates were collected at each sampling point Maikon Di Domenico, Laborato´ rio de Bentos, using a corer of 4.6 cm internal diameter that removed 10 cm into the sedi- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Parana´ , Avenida Beira Mar s/n, ment. Abundance and composition of interstitial polychaete were correlated to Balnea´ rio Pontal do Sul, CEP 83255-000, CP wave height, slope, grain size, CaCO3, chlorophyll a, omega indexes, tempera- 50002, Pontal do Parana´ , Parana´ , Brazil. ture and relative tide range using a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). E-mail: [email protected] A factorial ANOVA showed that taxa richness, mean density and Shannon’s diversity were significantly higher at the reflective beaches, but average values Accepted: 27 May 2008 differ significantly between transects and these differences change according to the beach zones on both sampling dates. -
Molecular and Morphological Phylogeny of Saccocirridae (Annelida) Reveals Two Cosmopolitan Clades with Specific Habitat Preferen
YMPEV 4813 No. of Pages 17, Model 5G 21 February 2014 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2014) xxx–xxx 1 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev 5 6 3 Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Saccocirridae (Annelida) 4 reveals two cosmopolitan clades with specific habitat preferences a,b,c,⇑ a b a,⇑ 7 Q1 M. Di Domenico , A. Martínez , P. Lana , K. Worsaae 8 a Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark 9 b Laboratory of Benthic Ecology, Centre for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil 10 Q2 c University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Biological Institute, Zoological Museum ‘‘Prof. Dr. Adão José Cardoso’’, Brazil 1112 13 article info abstract 2815 16 Article history: Saccocirrids are tiny, slender annelids inhabiting the interstices among coarse sand sediments in shallow 29 17 Received 13 August 2013 waters. The 22 nominal species can be grouped into two morphological groups ‘‘papillocercus’’ and 30 18 Revised 7 February 2014 ‘‘krusadensis’’, based on the absence/presence of a pharyngeal bulbus muscle, absence/presence of 31 19 Accepted 10 February 2014 ventral ciliary patterns, bilateral/unilateral gonad arrangement and chaetal differences. We present 32 20 Available online xxxx herein the first phylogenetic analyses of Saccocirridae based on four molecular markers and 34 morpho- 33 logical characters, employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. All analyses confirmed the 34 21 Keywords: monophyly of each morphological group with high nodal support. As a consequence and based on several 35 22 Protodrilida apomorphic characters, a new genus, Pharyngocirrus gen. -
Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): Total-Evidence Analysis of Morphology and Six Genes Jan Zrzavý*1,2, Pavel Říha1, Lubomír Piálek1 and Jan Janouškovec1,2
BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes Jan Zrzavý*1,2, Pavel Říha1, Lubomír Piálek1 and Jan Janouškovec1,2 Address: 1Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic and 2Biology Center, Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic Email: Jan Zrzavý* - [email protected]; Pavel Říha - [email protected]; Lubomír Piálek - [email protected]; Jan Janouškovec - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 6 August 2009 Received: 13 July 2008 Accepted: 6 August 2009 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:189 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-189 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/189 © 2009 Zrzavý et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Annelida is one of the major protostome phyla, whose deep phylogeny is very poorly understood. Recent molecular phylogenies show that Annelida may include groups once considered separate phyla (Pogonophora, Echiurida, and Sipunculida) and that Clitellata are derived polychaetes. SThe "total-evidence" analyses combining morphological and molecular characters have been published for a few annelid taxa. No attempt has yet been made to analyse simultaneously morphological and molecular information concerning the Annelida as a whole. Results: Phylogenetic relationships within Annelida were analysed on the basis of 93 morphological characters and sequences of six genes (18S, 28S, and 16S rRNA, EF1α, H3, COI), altogether, 87 terminals of all annelid "families" and 3,903 informative characters, by Bayesian and maximum-parsimony methods. -
Description of Three New Species of Protodrilus
This article was downloaded by: [Smithsonian Institution Libraries] On: 23 April 2013, At: 05:46 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Marine Biology Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/smar20 Description of three new species of Protodrilus (Annelida, Protodrilidae) from Central America Alejandro Martínez a , Maikon Di Domenico b , Katharina Jörger c , Jon Norenburg d & Katrine Worsaae a a Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark b Benthic Laboratory, Centre for Marine Studies, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil c Mollusca Department, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, München, Germany d Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA Version of record first published: 22 Apr 2013. To cite this article: Alejandro Martínez , Maikon Di Domenico , Katharina Jörger , Jon Norenburg & Katrine Worsaae (2013): Description of three new species of Protodrilus (Annelida, Protodrilidae) from Central America , Marine Biology Research, 9:7, 676-691 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2013.765574 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. -
The Polychaeta of Canada: Exploring Diversity And
THE POLYCHAETA OF CANADA: EXPLORING DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS USING DNA BARCODES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph by CHRISTINA M. CARR In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science April, 2010 © Christina M. Carr, 2010 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your Tile Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-64615-1 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-64615-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -