Distribución Geográfica De Phyllariopsis Purpurascens (C. Agardh) Henry & South Y P Brevipes (C. Agardh) Henry & South

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Distribución Geográfica De Phyllariopsis Purpurascens (C. Agardh) Henry & South Y P Brevipes (C. Agardh) Henry & South Acta Botanica Malacitana, 18: 45 - 53 Málaga, 1993 DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE YAIOSIS UUASCES (C. AGARDH) HENRY & SOUTH Y P EIES (C. AGARDH) HENRY & SOUTH EN LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA E ISLAS BALEARES Antonio FLORES-MOYA, Francisco CONDE y José L. IZQUIERDO RESUMEN. Distribución geográfica de Phyllariopsis purpurascens (C. Agardh) Henry & South y P. brevipes (C. Agardh)Henry & South en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Se presentan los mapas de distribución en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares de Phyllariopsis purpurascens (C. Agardh) Henry & South y P. brevipes (C. Agardh) Henry & South (Phyllariaceae, Laminariales, Phaeophyta), y se comentan sus respectivos rangos verticales de distribución. Se discuten las consecuencias de la distribución geográfica del género Phyllariopsis, en relación a su diversificación ecológica y reproductiva. Palabras clave. Distribución, mapa, Phyllariopsis, Península Ibérica, algas marinas. ABSTRACT. Geographical distribution of Phyllariopsis purpurascens (C. Agardh) Henry & South and P. brevipes (C. Agardh ) Henry & South in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. The distribution maps of Phyllariopsis purpurascens (C. Agardh) Henry & South and P. brevipes (C. Agardh) Henry & South (Phyllariaceae, Laminariales, Phaeophyta), along the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands, are presented, and their vertical distribution range are commented. The consequences of the geographical distribution in Phyllariopsis, in relation to their ecological and reproductive diversification, are discussed. Key words. Distribution, map, Phyllariopsis, Iberian Peninsula, seaweeds. INTRODUCCIÓN ella. Pérez-Cirera et al. (1991) describieron la distribución de Phyllariopsis en el Atlántico El conocimiento de la distribución geo- europeo (que sólamente concierne a los litora- gráfica de las especies incluidas en les de la Península Ibérica). Ribera et al.(1992) Phyllariopsis Henry & South (Phyllariaceae, presentaron una extensa "check-list" de las Laminariales, Phaeophyta) es fragmentario, Phaeophyta del Mediterráneo, donde confir- en gran parte debido a la escasa cantidad de man la presencia de Phyllariopsis brevipes (C. material de herbario. Henry & South (1987), Ag.) Henry & South y Phyllariopsis en un trabajo donde revalidaron la familia purpurascens (C. Ag.) Henry & South en las Phyllariaceae, presentaron un bosquejo gene- costas españolas; no obstante, para esta segun- ral de la corología de las especies incluidas en da especie sólamente recogen la referencia de 46 A. Flores-Moya t l. Conde (84 de material arrojado para las minar los rangos verticales de distribución costas de Málaga. procede de ejemplares conservados en los her- La familia hllr constituye una barios de Aurelio Arnd (Inttt dEl línea independiente de la vía principal de evo- Litoral, El Cpll, Alicante), CA, IAC lución en nrl (Henry & South, 8, (Laboratorio de lí, Facultad de Biolo- que bien pudieron originarse en el Pacífico gía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Norte y sobrevivir en el Art antes de alcan- MGCh . y A, así como de las referen- zar el Atlántico, o bien son un grupo rlt cias bibliográficas consultadas. El procedi- autóctono del Atlántico Norte y el Art ad- miento seguido para la elaboración de los yacente (nn, 0. Esta afirmación se mapas es similar al empleado por Mrlt y basa en el hecho de que las nrl tienen Navarro (0. Se han distinguido tres tipos su origen en el Pacífico Norte (rhl, 0, de testigos para los mapas de distribución (figs 8b. Esta idea ha sido apoyada con los : ejemplares recogidos in situ, ejemplares recientes estudios sobre dhrd, la procedentes de arribazón y citas bibliográfi- familia que presenta mayor porcentaje de ca- cas. En todos los casos, se ha caracterizado la racteres primitivos en el orden (K & localidad de la muestra mediante cuadrícula Kr, 8 K & bt, 0, con del sistema UM de 0 km de lado. dos especies del Pacífico Norte. La familia hllr se restringe al Atlántico y el Mediterráneo adyacente (Henry & South, 8 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN nn, 0, donde otras familias del orden están ausentes (dhrd, Chrd P. purpurascens se distribuye en la Pe- y n o muy dispersas (Alr y nínsula Ibérica por la fachada atlántica de nr, en comparación con su distri- Galicia y norte de Portugal, zona del Estrecho bución en el Pacífico Norte (rhl, 86. de Gibraltar y Mar de Alborán, llegando hacia En este trabajo se presenta la distribución el este hasta las Islas Hormigas (Murcia) (fig. geográfica del género Phyllariopsis . Se han encontrado ejemplares arrojados en (hllr, nrl, hph la costa del Algarve (Ardré, 6 y en el en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Sólo se litoral de Cntbr por lo tanto, es posible conocen dos especies de este género: P. que el areal de esta especie sea mayor, aunque purpurascens y P. brevipes (Henry & South, habría que confirmarlo con material recolecta- 8. De esta última, se ha descrito reciente- do in situ. Otras áreas, diferentes a la Península mente una nueva bp, P. brevipes bp. Ibérica, donde se ha descrito la presencia de pseudopurpurascens érzCrr, Crd, esta especie son: costas de Melilla, Argelia, Bárbara y López (érzCrr t l., . Estrecho de Messina, Cerdeña (Ribera t al., Los rl de distribución de los tx de 2 y noroeste de Marruecos (Feldmann, hllr (junto con otros datos de tipo 4. reproductivo y ecológico) serán empleados P. brevipes bp. brevipes se encuentra para explicar la diversificación dentro de la en las costas de Asturias y, desde los alrededo- familia. res de Lisboa, se distribuye de forma casi continua por el sur de Portugal y las costas MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS mediterráneas de la Península Ibérica (fig. 2. Este txn también se ha citado, para la zona La información utilizada para elaborar atlántica, en las costas del Golfo de Vizcaya los mapas de distribución geográfica y deter- (donde estaría su límite septentrional) y no- Distribución de Phyllariopsis 47 Figura 1. Distribución geográfica de Phyllariopsis purpurascens en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Material recogido n situ o dragado (-), material de arribazón (o) o cita bibliográfica (x). Distribution of Phyllariopsis purpurascens along the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Samples collected n situ or b dragage (•), drift (o), or references (x). rt de Marruecos (Feldmann, 4. En el término al Mediterráneo) de este último txn Mediterráneo se ha descrito su presencia en los en el Estrecho de Messina (Henry, com. pers.). Pirineos Orientales (Francia), Córcega, Estre- Por lo tanto, la delimitación del área de distri- cho de Messina, Argelia y Marruecos (Ribera bución oscila entre las "pruebas de ausencia" et al., 2 González-García y Conde, . y la "ausencia de pruebas" (rhl, 8: P. brevipes bp. pseudopurpurascens se 06. El uso extendido de la escafandra autó- encuentra restringida, según los ejemplares noma permitirá un mejor conocimiento de la estudiados, a las costas de Galicia y Mnh, y distribución geográfica de estas especies. a los alrededores de Lisboa (fig. El rango de profundidades osciló entre 4 La escasa cantidad de pliegos es el princi- y 60 de profundidad para P. purpurascens, pal problema para abordar el estudio rló aunque la gran mayoría corresponden a más de de estos txn evidentemente, ello se 20 . La presencia del alga a 4 (Conde et al., debe a que estas especies suelen aparecer siem- 0 en Etpn (Málaga) debe considerar- pre en profundidad, por debajo de 2 en el se un hecho extraordinario, ligado a las espe- caso de P. purpurascens (Gn, 6 ciales características oceanográficas de esta Flores-Moya et al., en prensa) y a profundida- zona, con fuertes corrientes y donde existen des aún mayores, de varias decenas de metros, rn de aguas profundas frías (Rodríguez, en el caso de P. brevipes bp. brevipes ,(B a- 8. Este fenómeno podría denominarse lltr, 84 Henry, 8b Soto, 8 "emersión isotérmica", en contraposición al t, González-García y Conde, de "inmersión isotérmica", empleado por . No obstante, se han encontrado pobla- Briggs (4 para explicar la presencia en ciones ntrrl (si se puede aplicar este profundidad de especies de superficie n 48 A. Flores-Moya et al. Figura 2. Distribución geográfica de Phyllariopsis brevipes subsp. brevipes en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Material recogido in situ o dragado (•), material de arribazón (o) o cita bibliográfica (x). Distribution of Phyllariopsis brevipes subsp. brevipes along the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Samples collected in situ or by dragage (.), drift (o), or references (x). Figura 3. Distribución geográfica de Phyllariopsts brevipes subsp. pseudopurpurascens en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Material recogido in situ o dragado (•), material de arribazón (o) o cita bibliográfica (x). Distribution of Phyllariopsis purpurascens (C. Ag.) Henry & South along the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Samples collected in situ or by dragage (.), drift (o), or references (x). Distribución de Phyllariopsis 4 bles a altas temperaturas. (Lighfoot) Batters habita en las costas euro- . brevipes subsp. brevipes se presenta en peas y norteafricanas del atlántico (desde un amplio rango vertical, desde pocos metros Noruega hasta Cabo Jubi, Marruecos) y Medi- de profundidad en la zona atlántica de Galicia terráneo adyacente, y ambas especies del gé- (Pérez-Cirera t., 1991) y el Mar de Alborán, nero Phyllariopsis se restringen a las costas hasta varias decenas de metros en la zona atlánticas de la Península Ibérica y norte de levantina-balear (Ballesteros, 1984; Soto, Marruecos y la zona adyacente del mar Medi- 1987; Boisset, 1991). Las poblaciones
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