Geochemistry of Darwin Impact Glass and Target Rocks
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Charles Darwin: a Companion
CHARLES DARWIN: A COMPANION Charles Darwin aged 59. Reproduction of a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron, original 13 x 10 inches, taken at Dumbola Lodge, Freshwater, Isle of Wight in July 1869. The original print is signed and authenticated by Mrs Cameron and also signed by Darwin. It bears Colnaghi's blind embossed registration. [page 3] CHARLES DARWIN A Companion by R. B. FREEMAN Department of Zoology University College London DAWSON [page 4] First published in 1978 © R. B. Freeman 1978 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd, Cannon House Folkestone, Kent, England Archon Books, The Shoe String Press, Inc 995 Sherman Avenue, Hamden, Connecticut 06514 USA British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Freeman, Richard Broke. Charles Darwin. 1. Darwin, Charles – Dictionaries, indexes, etc. 575′. 0092′4 QH31. D2 ISBN 0–7129–0901–X Archon ISBN 0–208–01739–9 LC 78–40928 Filmset in 11/12 pt Bembo Printed and bound in Great Britain by W & J Mackay Limited, Chatham [page 5] CONTENTS List of Illustrations 6 Introduction 7 Acknowledgements 10 Abbreviations 11 Text 17–309 [page 6] LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Charles Darwin aged 59 Frontispiece From a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron Skeleton Pedigree of Charles Robert Darwin 66 Pedigree to show Charles Robert Darwin's Relationship to his Wife Emma 67 Wedgwood Pedigree of Robert Darwin's Children and Grandchildren 68 Arms and Crest of Robert Waring Darwin 69 Research Notes on Insectivorous Plants 1860 90 Charles Darwin's Full Signature 91 [page 7] INTRODUCTION THIS Companion is about Charles Darwin the man: it is not about evolution by natural selection, nor is it about any other of his theoretical or experimental work. -
Terrestrial Impact Structures Provide the Only Ground Truth Against Which Computational and Experimental Results Can Be Com Pared
Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 1987. 15:245-70 Copyright([;; /987 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved TERRESTRIAL IMI!ACT STRUCTURES ··- Richard A. F. Grieve Geophysics Division, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OY3, Canada INTRODUCTION Impact structures are the dominant landform on planets that have retained portions of their earliest crust. The present surface of the Earth, however, has comparatively few recognized impact structures. This is due to its relative youthfulness and the dynamic nature of the terrestrial geosphere, both of which serve to obscure and remove the impact record. Although not generally viewed as an important terrestrial (as opposed to planetary) geologic process, the role of impact in Earth evolution is now receiving mounting consideration. For example, large-scale impact events may hav~~ been responsible for such phenomena as the formation of the Earth's moon and certain mass extinctions in the biologic record. The importance of the terrestrial impact record is greater than the relatively small number of known structures would indicate. Impact is a highly transient, high-energy event. It is inherently difficult to study through experimentation because of the problem of scale. In addition, sophisticated finite-element code calculations of impact cratering are gen erally limited to relatively early-time phenomena as a result of high com putational costs. Terrestrial impact structures provide the only ground truth against which computational and experimental results can be com pared. These structures provide information on aspects of the third dimen sion, the pre- and postimpact distribution of target lithologies, and the nature of the lithologic and mineralogic changes produced by the passage of a shock wave. -
Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
Chapter 6 Lawn Hill Megabreccia
Chapter 6 Lawn Hill Megabreccia Chapter 6 Catastrophic mass failure of a Middle Cambrian platform margin, the Lawn Hill Megabreccia, Queensland, Australia Leonardo Feltrin 6-1 Chapter 6 Lawn Hill Megabreccia Acknowledgement of Contributions N.H.S. Oliver – normal supervisory contributions Leonardo Feltrin 6-2 Chapter 6 Lawn Hill Megabreccia Abstract Megabreccia and related folds are two of the most spectacular features of the Lawn Hill Outlier, a small carbonate platform of Middle Cambrian age, situated in the northeastern part of the Georgina Basin, Australia. The megabreccia is a thick unit (over 200 m) composed of chaotic structures and containing matrix-supported clasts up to 260 m across. The breccia also influenced a Mesoproterozoic basement, which hosts the world class Zn-Pb-Ag Century Deposit. Field-studies (undertaken in the mine area), structural 3D modelling and stable isotopic data were used to assess the origin and timing of the megabreccia, and its relationship to the tectonic framework. Previous workers proposed the possible linkage of the structural disruption to an asteroid impact, to justify the extremely large clasts and the conspicuous basement interaction. However, the megabreccia has comparable clast size to some of the largest examples of sedimentary breccias and synsedimentary dyke intrusions in the world. Together with our field and isotope data, the reconstruction of the sequence of events that led to the cratonization of the Centralian Superbasin supports a synsedimentary origin for the Lawn Hill Megabreccia. However, later brittle faulting and veining accompanying strain localisation within the Thorntonia Limestones may represent post-sedimentary, syntectonic deformation, possibly linked to the late Devonian Alice Springs Orogeny. -
Earth in Upheaval – Velikovsky
KANSAS CITY, MO PUBLIC LIBRARY MAR 1989 JALS DATE DUE Earth in upheaval. 1 955 . Books by Immarvjel Velikoviky Earth in Upheaval Worlds in Collision Published by POCKET BOOKS Most Pot Ian Books arc available at special quantify discounts for hulk purchases for sales promotions premiums or fund raising SpeciaJ books* or txx)k e\( erj)ts can also tx.' created to ht specific needs FordetaJs write the office of the Vice President of Special Markets, Pocket Books, 12;K) Avenue of the Arm-mas New York New York 10020 EARTH IN UPHEAVAL Smnianue! Velikovsky F'OCKET BOOKS, a division of Simon & Schuster, IMC 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N Y 10020 Copyright 1955 by Immanuel Vehkovskv Published by arrangement with Doubledav tx Compauv, 1m Library of Congiess Catalog Card Number 55-11339 All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever For information address 6r Inc. Doubledav Company, , 245 Park Avenue, New York, N Y' 10017 ISBN 0-fi71-524f>5-tt Fust Pocket Books punting September 1977 10 9 H 7 6 POCKET and colophon ae registered trademarks of Simon & Schuster, luc Printed in the USA ACKNOWLEDGMENTS WORKING ON Earth in Upheaval and on the essay (Address before the Graduate College Forum of Princeton University) added at the end of this volume, I have incurred a debt of gratitude to several scientists. Professor Walter S. Adams, for many years director of Mount Wilson Observatory, gave me all the in- formation and instruction for which I asked concern- ing the atmospheres of the planets, a field in which he is the outstanding authority. -
The Journal of Effective Teaching an Online Journal Devoted to Teaching Excellence
The Journal of Effective Teaching JET an online journal devoted to teaching excellence Special Issue Teaching Evolution in the Classroom Volume 9/Issue 2/September 2009 JET The Journal of Effective Teaching an online journal devoted to teaching excellence Special Issue Teaching Evolution in the Classroom Volume 9/Issue 2/September 2009 Online at http://www.uncw.edu/cte/et/ The Journal of Effective Teaching an online journal devoted to teaching excellence EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief Dr. Russell Herman, University of North Carolina Wilmington Editorial Board Timothy Ballard, Biology John Fischetti, Education Caroline Clements, Psychology Russell Herman, Physics and Mathematics Edward Caropreso, Education Mahnaz Moallem, Education Pamela Evers, Business and Law Associate Editor Caroline Clements, UNCW Center for Teaching Excellence, Psychology Specialty Editor Book Review Editor – none at this time Consultants Librarians - Sue Ann Cody, Rebecca Kemp Computer Consultant - Shane Baptista Reviewers Barbara Chesler Buckner, Coastal Carolina, SC Andrew J. Petto, University of Wisconsin, WI Scott Imig, UNC Wilmington, NC Massimo Pigliucci, SUNY Stony Brook, NY Julian Keith, UNC Wilmington, NC Joshua Rosenau, National Center for Science Education, Inc., CA Dennis Kubasko, UNC Wilmington, NC Colleen Reilly, UNC Wilmington, NC Gabriel Lugo, UNC Wilmington, NC Carolyn Vander Shee, Northern Illinois University, IL Dale McCall, UNC Wilmington, NC Tamara Walser, UNC Wilmington, NC Submissions The Journal of Effective Teaching is published online at http://www.uncw.edu/cte/et/. All submissions should be directed electronically to Dr. Russell Herman, Editor-in-Chief, at [email protected]. The address for other correspondence is The Journal of Effective Teaching c/o Center for Teaching Excellence University of North Carolina Wilmington 601 S. -
The Moon After Apollo
ICARUS 25, 495-537 (1975) The Moon after Apollo PAROUK EL-BAZ National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.G- 20560 Received September 17, 1974 The Apollo missions have gradually increased our knowledge of the Moon's chemistry, age, and mode of formation of its surface features and materials. Apollo 11 and 12 landings proved that mare materials are volcanic rocks that were derived from deep-seated basaltic melts about 3.7 and 3.2 billion years ago, respec- tively. Later missions provided additional information on lunar mare basalts as well as the older, anorthositic, highland rocks. Data on the chemical make-up of returned samples were extended to larger areas of the Moon by orbiting geo- chemical experiments. These have also mapped inhomogeneities in lunar surface chemistry, including radioactive anomalies on both the near and far sides. Lunar samples and photographs indicate that the moon is a well-preserved museum of ancient impact scars. The crust of the Moon, which was formed about 4.6 billion years ago, was subjected to intensive metamorphism by large impacts. Although bombardment continues to the present day, the rate and size of impact- ing bodies were much greater in the first 0.7 billion years of the Moon's history. The last of the large, circular, multiringed basins occurred about 3.9 billion years ago. These basins, many of which show positive gravity anomalies (mascons), were flooded by volcanic basalts during a period of at least 600 million years. In addition to filling the circular basins, more so on the near side than on the far side, the basalts also covered lowlands and circum-basin troughs. -
PDF (V.54:15 February 5, 1953)
C:Al,11 FlORMIIIA Cali/fJln/a Institute fJ/ Tec!1nfJlfJgy Volume LlV Pasadena, California, Thursday, February 5, 1953__.,...- No. 15 ·Honor keys distributed Heart Fund, WSSF, Red from merits of applications Tech men to submit itemized lists of deserved Honor Points in hopes of Keys and Certificates Feather Drive Rolls Monday If you have earned 100 honor. .' _ points since the beginning of I -d I e House that digs deepest wins prize th.ird term last year, you are eli- Frl ay ec·tures Ca Itech t Oj~Hd ISCUSS., The e I ed h' e f ' glble for an honor key. If you edt e I bl ' IS IS on y outsI e canty 0 year have earned 50 points, you are h- hi- ht ~ -, In us na. pro ems eligible for an honor certificate.' 19· 19 s air, The 1953 Consolidated Charities Drive starts on Monday, The deadline for all applications, The 1953 series of the Work- February 16. This year the charities represented are WSSF which will be considered by the Four Friday Evening Demon- shops on Communication, spon- (World Student Service Fund), Pasadena Community Chest, and Honor Point Committee, is Fri- stration Lectures, which should sored by the Caltech Industrial the American Heart Association. Each of the students will re day, February 20, 1953, at 7:00 be of more than passing interest Relations Section will be held ceive literature on these charities and information concerning am. All persons with 50 or to Tech students are planned for the second Tuesday of each these charities will appear in next week's Tech. -
Geothermal Power Development in Hawaii
GEOTHEBMAL POWER DEVELOPMENT IN HAWAII. '/' ¥olume I."" ..;:'~ DOE/ET/27l33--T2 Vol. 1 DE82 020077 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Under Contract DE-FC03-79ET27133 ,... DISCLAIMER ...., This report was prepared 85 an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof. nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, Of assumes any legal liability or responsibilitY for the accuracy. completeness. or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product. or process disclosed. or repretentJ that its use 'Mluld not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product. process, or !Jervice by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwtse, does not necessarily constitute or imply Its endorsement. recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. 'The views end opinions of authors expressed herein do not /- "----------------'-necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. .-/ Department of Planning and Economic Development State of Hawaii June 1982· -tV DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCmlfnn 'IS UNLIMITEO FOREWORD By Hideto Kono State Director of Planning and Economic Development and State Energy Resources Coordinator Hawaii imports about $1.5 billion in petroleum each year to provide the energy it needs. Meanwhile, there, are all around us prodigious alternate energy resources awaiting development. These include the sun itself; the wind; the heat of the earth, especially in our volcanic region on the Island of Hawaii; biomass--the things which grow from our fertile soil--and ocean thermal energy conversion. This new volume reviews and analyzes geothermal power development in Hawaii. -
UC Santa Barbara Dissertation Template
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Laser Spectroscopy and Photodynamics of Alternative Nucleobases and Organic Dyes A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry by Jacob Alan Berenbeim Committee in charge: Professor Mattanjah de Vries, Chair Professor Steve Buratto Professor Michael Gordon Professor Martin Moskovits December 2017 The dissertation of Jacob Alan Berenbeim is approved. ____________________________________________ Steve Buratto ____________________________________________ Michael Gordon ____________________________________________ Martin Moskovits ____________________________________________ Mattanjah de Vries, Committee Chair October 2017 Laser Spectroscopy and Photodynamics of Alternative Nucleobases and Organic Dyes Copyright © 2017 by Jacob Alan Berenbeim iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my wife Amy thank you for your endless support and for inspiring me to match your own relentless drive towards reaching our goals. To my parents and my brothers Eli and Gabe thank you for your love and visits to Santa Barbara, CA. To my advisor Mattanjah and my lab mates thank you for the incredible opportunity to share ideas and play puppets with the fabric of space. And to my cat Lola, you’re a good cat. iv VITA OF JACOB ALAN BERENBEIM October 2017 EDUCATION University of California, Santa Barbara CA Fall 2017 PhD, Physical Chemistry Advisor: Prof. Mattanjah S. de Vries University of Puget Sound, Tacoma WA 2009 BS, Chemistry Advisor: Prof. Daniel Burgard LABORATORY TECHNIQUES Photophysics by UV/VIS and IR pulsed laser spectroscopy, optical alignment, oa-TOF mass spectrometry (multiphoton ionization, MALDI, ESI+), molecular beam high vacuum apparatus, high voltage electronics, molecular computational modeling with Gaussian, data acquisition with LabView, and data manipulation with Mathematica and Origin RESEARCH EXPERIENCE Graduate Student Researcher 2012-2017 • Time dependent (transient) photo relaxation of organic molecules, including PAHs and aromatic biological molecules. -
Impact Crater Collapse
P1: SKH/tah P2: KKK/mbg QC: KKK/arun T1: KKK March 12, 1999 17:54 Annual Reviews AR081-12 Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 1999. 27:385–415 Copyright c 1999 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved IMPACT CRATER COLLAPSE H. J. Melosh Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; e-mail: [email protected] B. A. Ivanov Institute for Dynamics of the Geospheres, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 117979 KEY WORDS: crater morphology, dynamical weakening, acoustic fluidization, transient crater, central peaks ABSTRACT The detailed morphology of impact craters is now believed to be mainly caused by the collapse of a geometrically simple, bowl-shaped “transient crater.” The transient crater forms immediately after the impact. In small craters, those less than approximately 15 km diameter on the Moon, the steepest part of the rim collapses into the crater bowl to produce a lens of broken rock in an otherwise unmodified transient crater. Such craters are called “simple” and have a depth- to-diameter ratio near 1:5. Large craters collapse more spectacularly, giving rise to central peaks, wall terraces, and internal rings in still larger craters. These are called “complex” craters. The transition between simple and complex craters depends on 1/g, suggesting that the collapse occurs when a strength threshold is exceeded. The apparent strength, however, is very low: only a few bars, and with little or no internal friction. This behavior requires a mechanism for tem- porary strength degradation in the rocks surrounding the impact site. Several models for this process, including acoustic fluidization and shock weakening, have been considered by recent investigations. -
Appendix a Recovery of Ejecta Material from Confirmed, Probable
Appendix A Recovery of Ejecta Material from Confirmed, Probable, or Possible Distal Ejecta Layers A.1 Introduction In this appendix we discuss the methods that we have used to recover and study ejecta found in various types of sediment and rock. The processes used to recover ejecta material vary with the degree of lithification. We thus discuss sample processing for unconsolidated, semiconsolidated, and consolidated material separately. The type of sediment or rock is also important as, for example, carbonate sediment or rock is processed differently from siliciclastic sediment or rock. The methods used to take and process samples will also vary according to the objectives of the study and the background of the investigator. We summarize below the methods that we have found useful in our studies of distal impact ejecta layers for those who are just beginning such studies. One of the authors (BPG) was trained as a marine geologist and the other (BMS) as a hard rock geologist. Our approaches to processing and studying impact ejecta differ accordingly. The methods used to recover ejecta from unconsolidated sediments have been successfully employed by BPG for more than 40 years. A.2 Taking and Handling Samples A.2.1 Introduction The size, number, and type of samples will depend on the objective of the study and nature of the sediment/rock, but there a few guidelines that should be followed regardless of the objective or rock type. All outcrops, especially those near industrialized areas or transportation routes (e.g., highways, train tracks) need to be cleaned off (i.e., the surface layer removed) prior to sampling.