DOCSLIB.ORG

Life After Oil

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Life After Oil LIFE AFTER OIL Designing Pathways For Energy Descent Rob Hopkins describes one community’s attempt at designing a prosperous way down from the peak. REACHING THE PEAK of the UK Weekly Food viable. We need to rethink a very sobering look at the There is an emerging Basket’, argued that food how we will construct energy whole peak oil issue. It makes consensus that we are could only be called efficient shelter in a lower it very clear that the problem either very close to, or have sustainable when it is grown energy near future. There is is on a scale that is almost passed, the peak in world and consumed within a 20 the need for relocalisation, of unimaginable, and that the oil production. As someone mile radius. We have to build looking at what is essential to solutions are really not in who has been involved in a local food economy from an our lives (food, warmth, place at all, or anywhere environmental issues for almost totally non-existent shelter, water) and rebuilding near being so. We are so 16 years, and permaculture dependent on oil for every for 13 years, I have to ask aspect of our lives, that its myself how I didn’t see this Traveller, there are no roads. gradual (or rapid, depending one coming. Its implications Roads are made by travelling. on who you listen to...) but are profound. No longer is steady disappearance from it in any way an appropriate Spanish proverb our lives will force us to response to say ‘we need to redesign our communities recycle’, when the process base. There has been no time the local economy in such a and our own lives. We need of recycling requires in history when anything less way that it is able to supply to relearn the skills that transporting recyclable waste than 70% of the population these. The process of sustained our ancestors; long distances. We have to were involved in the produc- dismantling our diverse and crafts, local medicines, the look much deeper at the tion of food. Nowadays it is complex local economics over great art of growing food. whole waste question. more like 6% (in Ireland). the last 50-60 years was a This is THE big challenge. An excellent recent report ‘Green’ building that relies on disastrous one – easy to do by Tim Lang and Jules Pretty imported ‘ecological’ but incredibly hard to rebuild. BECOMING AWARE ‘Farm Costs and Food Miles: materials from Germany or The recent award winning My introduction to all An Assessment of the Full Cost Denmark will no longer be film The End of Suburbia1 is this came through meeting www.permaculture.co.uk No. 45 Permaculture Magazine 27 Dr Colin Campbell. He lives on the same scale as a wartime organic vegetables for local think-tank’ in order to hear The groups came up with regards to the subject in in Ballydehob in West Cork, mobilisation, to begin markets and how a changing the community’s ideas about with a wealth of ideas and question. This is followed by and set up and runs the building a low energy future. economy would make that how energy descent would possibilities that werefed back The Vision, which is written Association for the Study of Another inspiration for me more viable. We heard about affect the community and to the rest of the participants in such a way as to give Peak Oil. He worked in the was a woman from the north the realities of living off what might be done about afterwards. The feedback the reader an idea of how oil industry for over 30 years, of Ireland who was from a the grid, and the financial it. Before the event we sent after the day was very good. Kinsale could be, if all the and since his retirement very dynamic community implications of doing so. We personal invitations to the We learnt a few lessons from recommendations up to that has devoted himself to development group for saw the practicalities of the people in Kinsale that we the event that would be point had been implemented. researching the real picture a small town in decline. people trying to put the first had identified as being the helpful for people doing it Part of the challenge with of oil availability; how much Farming was dying, and they building blocks in place, and movers and shakers in the again. Firstly, a lot of people permaculture I feel is how we is left, where it is and so on. wanted a new direction for their visions for how things town, drawn from the sectors sent apologies that they convey to people the concept It is Colin who has really the town with a sustainability might change. We began identified above. We also would have liked to come, that a lower energy future brought Peak Oil to the focus. What they did was to envisage a three to four left the event open to the but they were just too busy could be preferable, more world’s attention, untiringly bring in a sustainability year process of community public and put posters up to give up a whole day. We abundant and more fulfilling travelling the world, lecturing ‘expert’ who told them that consultation, education and around the town. From the found it difficult to come up than the present. This section governments, investment they needed to develop awareness-raising, combined 60 people invited, about 35 with another model though, aims to do that, so that bankers, energy experts, ‘eco-tourism’, a sustainable with practical implementation turned up on the day. The because for us it worked very people can see in their minds telling them all the same replacement for farming. of projects on the ground event itself was opened by the well showing the film and eye what it would look like. thing; we are about to peak, I was horrified by this; it and the formulation of a Mayor of Kinsale, Mr Charles then having the discussions This is then followed and we need to re-evaluate seemed to me to be taking all timetabled plan for making Henderson, who spoke of straight away while the by a list of suggestions what we are doing, because it the community’s eggs out of this transition. This plan was the importance of energy as feeling of urgency that the and recommendations, in is going to change everything. one basket and just putting named the Kinsale Energy an issue and how it affects all film engenders is still fresh chronological order. These Last September Colin them all into another. Also, Descent Action Plan. The idea aspects of our lives and our in their minds. We were able, are meant to be ambitious came to Kinsale Further all the ideas had come from was that this year’s second economy. This was followed thanks to the generosity of but achievable, given a Education Centre to talk to the ‘expert’ rather than the year students produce the by a screening of The End of many cafes and restaurants in good deal of ambition and my second year permaculture community itself. I thought first draft, which is then put Suburbia. Kinsale who sponsored the support. Each section is then students, who had seen The that a lot more would have out to the community for After the film, Thomas event, to put on a sumptuous rounded off with a collection End of Suburbia the previous been achieved by running a consultation, and then the Riedmuller, who teaches spread for lunch, which of resources and internet day. Colin gave them an permaculture design course following year’s students Community Leadership at people loved, and which kept links. The last section of the introduction to petroleum for the people in the village revise the document and Kinsale FEC, introduced up the energy of the event. Action Plan is a proposal geology, how and where oil and letting the ideas come update it. We felt that this the concept of Open Space We wondered if it might for a Kinsale Sustainability forms, and then went on to from them. would take about three years Technology as a tool for have been good to have had Centre. The idea is that the look at how much is left and The students and I realised to produce something nearing facilitating such events. Open a few screenings of the film Centre would be formed with where it is. His presentation that what was lacking were a definitive document, Space is based on the idea in the community first, so the brief of implementing was thorough and well examples of towns who had although there would always that the most productive some people could have seen the Action Plan, and would researched and his findings actually started to look at this need to be space allowed discussion and idea sharing it in advance one evening, create five posts for students were compelling. It was a subject. Had anyone actually for the document to adapt at any event happens during and so wouldn’t have had at the end of their second real eye opener. started to design pathways to developments, to be the tea breaks. Open Space is, to give up so much of their year. They would, in effect, down from the peak for a ‘tweaked’. in essence, a long tea break, time to attend the discussion. be Community Permaculture FIRST STEPS settlement anywhere in the We had brainstorms on where groups are formed to We found Open Space an Field Workers, out in the This led on to the students world? Cuba is an often cited each of the different areas discuss certain issues, and excellent tool for getting town helping the community and I planning the Kinsale example, but Cuba was we identified for the Action everyone is free to move people talking in a relaxed to put in place the steps Energy Descent Action Plan forced to localise by circum- Plan.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transition Northfield
    We live in interesting times. Useful Resources Peak Oil: How much oil is left? Ex- Books perts say that half of our nonrenew- The Transition Handbook by Rob Hop- able resource across the globe is gone. kins That which is left will be difficult to The Party’s Over by Richard Heinberg harvest and refine, causing costs to Heat by George Monbiot inevitably sky-rocket. What are our The Last Oil Shock by David Strahan choices for renewable energy? How Permaculture by David Holmgren TRANSITION will we choose to use the oil that is left? Movies The Power of Community Northfield Global climate change: Might we choose The End of Suburbia to be proactive instead of reactive What a Way To Go to the changing climate? By chang- An Inconvenient Truth ing our oil-based habits we can live In Transition a better balanced and healthier life, Bringing the heads, hearts, and hands of our community together in the transition that gives back to our earth instead of Websites depleting it of its resources, causing to life beyond oil. www.transitionus.org damage to our earth and ourselves. www.transitiontowns.org www.energybulletin.net Global economic uncertainty: Can call us www.realclimate.org to a place of ingenuity and creativity www.transitionculture.org to challenge our current definition of growth. Recreating a place of self- “It is necessary to urgently design and im- sufficiency and sustainability involves plement low-carbon, resilient ways of living developing local resilience and build- — climate changes makes this imperative, ing a communitywide Energy De- peak oil makes it inevitable, and transition scent Action Plan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Oil
    SYLLABUS PS 399 (CRN 58533): The Politics of Oil Oregon State University, School of Public Policy Spring 2012 (4 credits) Tue & Thur 4-5:50pm, Gilkey 113 Instructor: Tamas Golya Office: Gilkey 300C Office Hours: Tue & Thur 10-11am Phone (during office hours): 541-737-1352 Email: [email protected] “The American Way of Life is not negotiable.” Dick Cheney, Former US Vice President “The species Homo sapiens is not going to become extinct. But the subspecies Petroleum Man most certainly is.” Colin Campbell, Founder of the Association for the Study of Peak Oil Course Description The world’s economic and political developments of the last century played out against the backdrop of a steadily rising supply of energy, especially oil. There are signs that this period of “easy energy” is coming to an end, turning energy into a major economic and political issue in its own right. Peak Oil is a term used by geologists to describe the point in time at which the world’s annual conventional oil production reaches a maximum after which it inevitably declines. Recent evidence suggests that we may pass this peak in this decade. In a broader sense, Peak Oil also stands for the economic, political, and societal effects of a dramatically changing energy supply. These effects will create unprecedented problems, risks and opportunities for policy makers as well as for consumers and businesses. In part due to higher oil prices, the US has begun to catch up to this issue, as evidenced by the founding of a Peak Oil Caucus in the House of Representatives in 2005 and by the demand of former President Bush to find ways to cure “America’s addiction to oil”.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 8 “The Elephant in the Room?” Peak Oil on the Security Agenda
    New Issues in Security #5 CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY: RETHINKING THE LINKS BETWEEN NATURAL RESOURCES AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE Edited by Matthew A. Schnurr and Larry A. Swatuk Centre for Foreign Policy Studies Dalhousie University 2010 CHAPTER 8 “THE ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM?” PEAK OIL ON THE SECURITY AGENDA Shane Mulligan Can I tell you the truth? I mean this isn’t like TV news, is it? Here’s what I think the truth is: We are all addicts of fossil fuels in a state of denial, about to face cold turkey.1 Introduction Peak oil is an awkward topic to broach. While there is strong evidence that world oil production levels are near their maximum, and while a growing chorus warns of the challenges and threats this poses to economic growth and political stability, there is virtually no public policy discourse directed to the issue, and only a handful of academics seem prepared to investigate the phenomenon and its implications for economies, societies and state (as well as human) security. It is as if there is a tacit agreement to avoid the topic, an agreement in which we are all, to some extent, participat- ing, through our avoidance of this ‘elephant in the room.’ The evidence for peak oil is often received with reticence, or even hostility toward the speaker. Indeed, breaching the silence of an open secret – “something of which everyone is aware yet no one is willing to publicly acknowledge” – is akin to “breach[ing] some implicit social contract, and groups indeed treat those who violate their norms of attention and discourse just as they do any other social deviants who defy their authority and dis- regard their rules.”2 This paper aims to go further, however, to talk about the very fact that we don’t want to discuss it, even though “the very act of avoiding the elephant is itself an elephant!”3 The latter, too, is something we don’t generally talk about.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Aquaculture
    Urban Aquaculture Water-sensitive transformation of cityscapes via blue-green infrastructures vorgelegt von Dipl.-Ing. Grit Bürgow geb. in Berlin von der Fakultät VI Planen Bauen Umwelt der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften - Dr.-Ing. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzende: Prof. Undine Gisecke Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Heiland Gutachterin: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Angela Million (Uttke) Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 25. November 2013 Berlin 2014 Schriftenreihe der Reiner Lemoine-Stiftung Grit Bürgow Urban Aquaculture Water-sensitive transformation of cityscapes via blue-green infrastructures D 83 (Diss. TU Berlin) Shaker Verlag Aachen 2014 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2013 Titelfoto: (c) Rayko Huß Copyright Shaker Verlag 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. Printed in Germany. ISBN 978-3-8440-3262-8 ISSN 2193-7575 Shaker Verlag GmbH • P.O. BOX 101818 • D-52018 Aachen Phone: 0049/2407/9596-0 • Telefax: 0049/2407/9596-9 Internet: www.shaker.de
    [Show full text]
  • Relocalization.Network
    2006 Relocalization Network Report relocalization.network www.relocalize.net The Relocalization Network is an initiative of Post Carbon Institute © 2007 The Relocalization Network annual report welcome Greetings Best Wishes from the Network Team The 2006 year saw many changes for the Relocalization Network: the number of Local Groups in the Network almost doubled, we launched the website www.relocalize.net, and we started building and improving our library of resources and support services. We thank everyone for their patience in working with us through this process of learning and experimenting with different tools and techniques for improving the foundation of the Relocalization Network. We are grateful to have had the opportunity to work with so many wonderful people. Over the next year we look forward to building stronger connections with everyone in the Relocalization Network and to continuing to learn and adapt as we move towards a future less dependant on fossil fuels. All the best, Relocalization Network Team About this report This report provides information about the Relocalization Network for groups and individuals interested in getting involved and starting Relocalization projects in their communities. It includes a brief history of the Relocalization Network, and an overview of the year’s projects and events. If you have any questions about the material presented here, please contact us at [email protected]. relocalization.network 2006 Annual Report 2 The Relocalization Network annual report background and contents Background Contents The Relocalization Network was created in 2003 as one of the first initiatives of Post Carbon Institute. It developed as a response to individuals’ questions about how they 3 The Relocalization Network: could take action to address the implications of peak oil.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Director
    Richard Heinberg Senior Fellow In Residence Richard Heinberg is the author of eleven books including: - Snake Oil (July 2013) - The End of Growth (August 2011) - Blackout: Coal, Climate, and the Last Energy Crisis (2009) - Peak Everything: Waking Up to the Century of Declines (2007) - The Oil Depletion Protocol: A Plan to Avert Oil Wars, Terrorism & Economic Collapse (2006) - Powerdown: Options & Actions for a Post-Carbon World (2004) - The Party's Over: Oil, War & the Fate of Industrial Societies (2003) Richard is a Senior Fellow of the Post Carbon Post Carbon Institute Senior Fellow Institute and is widely regarded as one of the world’s foremost Peak Oil educators. His monthly MuseLetter has been included in Utne Magazine’s annual list of Best Alternative Newsletters. He has written a regular column for the Ecologist magazine and has authored scores of essays and articles that have appeared in such journals as The American Prospect, Public Policy Research, Quarterly Review, Z Magazine, Resurgence, The Futurist, European Business Review, Earth Island Journal, Yes!, Pacific Ecologist, Wild Matters, The Proceedings of the Canadian Association of the Club of Rome, Canadian Dimension, Alternative Press Review, and The Sun; and on web sites such as Alternet.org, Resilience.org, ProjectCensored.com, and Counterpunch.com. His books include: • Memories and Visions of Paradise: Exploring the Universal Myth of a Lost Golden Age (1989; revised edition, 1995; British edition, 1990; Portuguese edition, 1991) • Celebrate the Solstice: Honoring the
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of Richard Heinberg's Book: the Party's Over: Oil, War And
    A Synopsis of Richard Heinberg’s book: The Party’s Over: Oil, War and the Fate of Industrial Societies ©2004 Post Carbon Institute, Oakland, CA 1. INTRODUCTION he world is about to change dramatically and forever as the result of oil depletion. Within the next few years global T production of oil will peak. Thereafter, even with a switch to alternative energy sources, industrial societies will increasingly have less energy available to do all the things necessary for our existence. When Mike Bowlin, chairman of ARCO, said in 1999 that, “We’ve embarked on the beginning of the last days of the age of oil,” he was voicing a truth that many others in the petroleum industry knew but dared not utter. Among experts in the field there is no question that the era of petroleum-based industrial society will be coming to an end within the life- times of most people now alive. The ramifications of this fact are simply staggering. Oil not only powers our cars, trucks, trains and airplanes, it is es- sential to virtually every aspect of our material existence in the Western world. Fossil fuels, including natural gas and coal (which will also be harder to extract as time goes on), are by far the main source of energy for the factories which pro- duce all the material goods we use every day, for the electricity that powers our cities and homes, for the heat we need to survive the winters, and for our current system of corporate agriculture that puts food on our tables—in short, for every- thing that sustains our modern world.
    [Show full text]
  • By David Holmgren
    by David Holmgren Peak Oil & Permaculture Australian Tour Spring 2006 9/5/06 © 2006 www.holmgren.com.au 2 A design system for sustainable living and land use Based on universal ethics and design principles A grass roots and international movement of practitioners, designers and organisations An empowering process for reclaiming our place in nature 9/5/06 © 2006 www.holmgren.com.au 3 Permaculture One (1978) Bill Mollison & David Holmgren Permaculture: A Designers’ Manual (1988) Bill Mollison Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability (2002) David Holmgren 9/5/06 © 2006 www.holmgren.com.au 4 Climax (post-modern Techno-Explosion cultural chaos) Green-Tech Stability Energy & Resource Use Creative Descent Population (Permaculture) Pollution Industrial(Modernism) Ascent Earth stewardship Pre-industrial Collapse sustainable culture Historical Time Future Time Agriculture Industrial Baby Boom Great Grand Old Growth 10.000yrs9/5/06 BP Revolution © 2006 www.holmgren.com.auChildren Forest 5 HHooww wwiillll wwee ccooppee wwiitthh tthhee eenneerrggyy ddeesscceenntt ffuuttuurree?? 9/5/06 © 2006 www.holmgren.com.au 6 Gardening for Food security, Garden greens & vegetables, greenhouse tomatoes Health & Conservation Kitchen garden raised beds Melliodora Harvesting pears Potatoes: staple food from the garden 9/5/06 ©2003Holmgren Design Services 7 http://www.holmgren.com.au/ Organic soil fertility building & maintenance Worm Farming Living soil; the basis of food security Mulching potatoes with cut grass Hot 9/5/06Composting ©2003Holmgren
    [Show full text]
  • PM50 Front Half
    Rob Hopkins POWERDOWN & PERMACULTURE At the Cusp of Transition Rob Hopkins asks whether the permaculture movement is capable of influencing society as a whole when the coming peak oil energy crisis bites. Or should we just head for the hills. ermaculture has achieved many great proportions. In this article, I am asking, and while it does not mean that we are things since its inception in the mid- “Is the permaculture movement ready for ‘running out’ of oil, it does mean that the P1970s. It has spread around the the scale of changes ahead?” Age of Cheap Oil, and all that cheap oil world, and informs the day-to-day decisions has made possible, is coming to a close. and thinking of millions of people. It has PEAK OIL The price of oil is rising steadily, we only also often acted as the invisible motivator – THE GREAT OVERSIGHT OF OUR TIMES discover one new barrel of oil for every six behind many sustainability initiatives, which Peak oil is a term increasingly mentioned we consume, and many of the oil produc- although not in themselves strictly perma- in PM, but what does it actually mean? ing nations we rely on to power our cultural, are informed by its principles. In brief, it is the point in world oil pro- lifestyles are either in decline, or are so Readers of PM will know the joy of duction at which supply begins to dictate secretive about their reserves that we have applying permaculture design to their own demand, rather than demand driving no reasons to feel complacent that they lives and experiencing the benefits of applied supply, which has been the situation for are not also declining.
    [Show full text]
  • Homeland Security Gardens V5
    Willits Economic LocaLization P.O. Box 42, Willits, CA 95490 713 S. Main St., Ste. A (707) 459-7076 Fax (707) 459-7077 [email protected] www.willitseconomiclocalization.org WELL Staff Report – May 9, 2008 Prepared by Liam UiCearbhaill – Operational Facilitator 1. Tim requested at the last CC meeting that I include the To Do list at the beginning of the Staff Report. This time around no such list was prepared; therefore I have not included it. The next few items are drawn from the previous staff report and are reports on the status of various items. 2. I looked up each of the DVD’s we have multiples of to determine the going price: a. Colin Campbell: Petroleum Geologist: ............................................................................. $14.50 b. Richard Heinberg: Powerdown: Synopsis & Interview(DVD)............................................. $19.56 c. Matt Simmons: Energy Banker: Saudi Oil Presentation & Four Interviews(DVD)............... $18.34 d. PEAK OIL - Imposed by Nature DVD ............................................................................... $19.95 e. The End of Suburbia: Oil Depletion and the Collapse of the American D Ream (2004) ..... $22.95 f. Escape from Suburbia: Beyond the American Dream....................................................... $25.00 I rounded the prices to develop a proposed price structure for WELL to sell them: a. (DVD) Escape from Suburbia........................................................................................... $25.00 b. (DVD) End of Suburbia
    [Show full text]
  • Peak Politics: Resource Scarcity and Libertarian Political Culture in the United States
    Peak Politics: Resource Scarcity and Libertarian Political Culture in the United States A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Matthew Schneider-Mayerson IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Elaine Tyler May, Adviser June 2013 © Matthew Schneider-Mayerson, 2013 Acknowledgements First and foremost, many thanks to the wonderful members of my committee, Elaine Tyler May, Lary May, Daniel J. Philippon, Kevin P. Murphy and David N. Pellow. Elaine and Lary were dedicated mentors throughout graduate school, even when they—and often I—had little idea exactly what I was studying, or why. Lary’s emphasis on the “so what” question reminded me that my research should always be relevant, while Elaine’s consistent support, insight, and warmth were invaluable. Their monthly dissertation group provided the kind of intellectual community that one seeks but rarely finds as one enters graduate school, and having regular take-out Chinese food made me, a Jew from New York City, feel right at home in the Midwest. Dan Philippon was a mentor in my environmental pursuits and provided generous feedback and advice on this and other projects that was incredibly thoughtful and detailed. David Pellow agreed to join at a late stage and always provoked me to consider new angles. Kevin Murphy guided my research into conservatism and masculinity and was a model of sustaining kindness and warmth. Thanks to the University of Minnesota for its financial support, especially in the form of a Graduate Student Fellowship my first year and a Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship this last year.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Role of Community-Based Social Movements for Sustainable Energy Transitions
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Seyfang, Gill; Haxeltine, Alex Working Paper Growing grassroots innovations: Exploring the role of community-based social movements for sustainable energy transitions CSERGE Working Paper EDM, No. 10-08 Provided in Cooperation with: The Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), University of East Anglia Suggested Citation: Seyfang, Gill; Haxeltine, Alex (2010) : Growing grassroots innovations: Exploring the role of community-based social movements for sustainable energy transitions, CSERGE Working Paper EDM, No. 10-08, University of East Anglia, The Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), Norwich This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/48802 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
    [Show full text]