By David Holmgren

by David Holmgren

Based on universal ethics and design principles

A grass roots and international movement of practitioners, designers and organisations

Permaculture: A Designers’ Manual (1988) Bill Mollison

Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability (2002) David Holmgren

Green-Tech Stability

Energy & Resource Use Creative Descent Population (Permaculture) Pollution

Industrial(Modernism) Ascent

Earth stewardship

Pre-industrial Collapse sustainable culture Historical Time Future Time

Agriculture Industrial Baby Boom Great Grand Old Growth 10.000yrs9/5/06 BP Revolution © 2006 www.holmgren.com.auChildren Forest 5 HHooww wwiillll wwee ccooppee wwiitthh tthhee eenneerrggyy ddeesscceenntt ffuuttuurree??

Kitchen garden raised beds Melliodora

Harvesting pears

Potatoes: staple food from the garden

Worm Farming

Living soil; the basis of food security

Pasta making with children Sun drying fruit

Black Australorp poultry; old breed suited to free range systems

Milking goats: healthy food & living

Pistachio nuts, Food Forest, South Australia

Galvanised rainwater tank, Melliodora

Compost toilet, Food Forest, South Australia

Gravel reed bed treating grey water;9/5/06 Fryers Forest ©2003Holmgren Design Services 12 http://www.holmgren.com.au/ Passive solar design & natural materials New Construction Melliodora: Mud brick thermal mass floors & load bearing walls, Salvaged timber flooring & joinery

Eco retrofit CERES Melbourne attached greenhouse

Austrian wood pellet furnace/solar central heating cabin, Kinsale Ireland

Melliodora wood supply for cooking & hot water 9/5/06 ©2003Holmgren Design Services 14 http://www.holmgren.com.au/ (gas back up for cooking) Motorbike “prime mover” Frugal transport solutions Vietnam Photo Darren Doherty Chinese electric bicycle

Pig tractor Krameterhof Austria (Sepp Holzer’s)

Wood gasifier powered ute Finland

New fashion clothes made from Hand9/5/06 basin cabinet made from metal ©2003Holmgren drum Design Services recycled fabrics Olympia,16 USA http://www.holmgren.com.au/ Fairview Gardens Santa Barbara Urban Agriculture USA 2005 & Community Gardens

•Ecological building

•Common infrastructure

•Community governance

Village Terrace Co-housing at Earthaven N. Carolina

Living Source

Land & Nature Built Infrastructure Stewardship Environment

Craft, Tools Technology Ethics Land Tenure and W & t e Community h a Design e v Governance Principles 7 in d g o t m o g a e i t n h s e Culture and r Finance and Education Economics Health and Spiritual Emerging applications Well-being (Invisible structures)

1. Understand the history and obstacles 2. Read the landscape and resources 3. Sidestep the obstacles, grasp the opportunities 4. Turn the problem into the solution

Lets start at the beginning SSuubbuurrbbiiaa iinn tthhee 11995500’’ss The typical elements of suburban living • Single income ($250/week in today’s money) • Housewife & three children • 12 square house on 1/4 acre block (1000m2) • House proud self reliance & domestic frugality (Vegies, fruit trees, chooks, the septic and lawn) • Consumer icon of cleanliness, leisure and mobility

The post war economic boom of the 1950’s • Cheap and abundant fossil fuel and timber • Australia riding on the sheep’s back (wool $2.40/kg) • War service homes and low interest rates • Public infrastructure for suburban growth (Sealed roads, power, water and sewerage)

garage Hills hoists

verandah verandah verandah verandah

1Married4 squa rcouplee Married couple Married14 squa couplere Married14 squ acouplere carport 14 square bnori ckidsk & tile b&r 3ic kidsk & tile &b r5ic kidsk & tile &b 3r ikidsck & tile war service war service war service war service home home home home

porch porch porch porch

Ornamental garden beds

Gravel Drive Gravel Drive

1 234

Aussie9/5/06 Street (bitumen) 1950’s: ©The 2006 Golden www.holmgren.com.au Age of Suburbia North 24 Sewerage main

Vegie Chook pen People Count garden17 Vegie 70’sgarage double Vegie garden garage/ garden shed Fruit trees games room ConcreteGravel shed drive Drive shed Back yard Fruit trees mechanic Fruit trees

garage Hills hoists

70’s addition 60’s verandahverandah enclosure verandah 60’s verandahverandah enclosure & verandahrenovation

Married couple Married couple Married couple Married couple carport New owners: carport no kids & 3 kids couple& 5 kids & 3 kids & 3 kids

porch porch porch porch

Ornamental garden beds

70’s native garden Gravel Drive Gravel Concrete Drive Drive

1 Nature strip and234 native street trees

Kerb & Channel 9/5/06Aussie Street 1960’s © &2006 70’s: www.holmgren.com.au Rising Afﬂuence & Addition North 25 PPrroobblleemmss wwiitthh SSuubbuurrbbaann GGrroowwtthh Urban sprawl •Poor use of public infrastructure (sewerage) •Car based transport •Loss of agricultural land

Dysfunctional Economics •Unproductive capital investment •Speculative land values •Declining household production (food, crafts etc) •Household debt and consumer addiction

Dormitory suburbs •Declining household size •Empty houses and streets •Lack of community & increased crime

Planning Regulations to encourage increasing density •Smaller house blocks (500M2) •Dual occupancy infill development •Medium density redevelopment

Lifestyle responses • Holidays away • Live out; the mobile lifestyle • The renovation obsession • Move to inner city: apartment living • Move to country living (the super suburb)

Environmental responses • Improved public transport • Building insulation and energy efficiency • Urban green space, water sensitive urban design • Native landscaping for water conservation & biodiversity

9/5/06 © 2006 www.holmgren.com.au 31 Veggie Chook pen People Countgarden 11 70’s double garage/ Fruit trees games room 1990’s inﬁll development Unirrigated mown grass Concrete 180sq brick veneer drive Fruit trees Young working couple, no kids

garage

Concrete drive & garage 70’s addition & renovation Separated Empty nest New developer carport carport working Elderly couple Elderly couple baby boomers motherowner & 2 Moving to nursing retiring to Qld teenage kids home

Storm water Drip irrigated Detention tank ornamental 70’s native garden garden

Gravel Concrete Drive drive

1 2341 Native street trees

• A falling energy base – Expands the problems (services, food, water) – Brings problems home ( terrorism, refugees, recession) – Make current urban design strategies ineffective • Positives of energy descent – Drive creative adaption and innovation – Help overcome obsessions and addictions – Renew community spirit and solidarity

The End of Suburbia or the Retrofit of Suburbia? • Home based work, telecommuting, cottage industry • Extended families, lodgers and shared households • Fertile soils, water supply & infrastructure for urban agriculture • Recycle of storm water and human waste • City Farms, CSA’s, Farmers Markets

Lets paint the picture

People Count 15 Metal workshop/ Orchard/chook run PV grid feedback Compost 1990’s inﬁll development bays Berry Unirrigated mown grass 180sq brick veneer Chook house fruits Tool store Straw yard Greywater Reedbed Young working Grape couple, no kids pergola G/house CSA chook tractor vegie production Passive solar 12 sq eco-addition Concrete drive & garage Sha de House & Kiwi Fern garden Grape 70’s addition vine pergola & renovation

Nut trees Baby boomer couple, Separated working Nursery Young couple young adult son Elderly couple mother & 2 teenage & baby children Boarder: single mother & baby

G/house G/house Verandha Storm water Bread Nursery Detention tank stock oven/ kitchen Herb/perennials ﬁrewood70’s native garden store garden

1 234Native street trees

• Network for inspiration and information • Get producing and support local producers • Involve kids and their friends • Make contact with neighbours, barter • Review needs, reduce consumption • Share your place: take in a boarder • Share your car: carpool and pick up hitch hikers • Creatively work around regulatory impediments • Pay off the debt / work from home • Retrofit for the future, not speculative gain