DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessment of Distribution Information Gaps for Coral Species in Tonga

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessment of Distribution Information Gaps for Coral Species in Tonga UNEP-WCMC technical report Assessment of distribution information gaps for coral species in Tonga (Version edited for public release) Assessment of distribution information gaps for coral species in Tonga Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements, Brussels, Belgium Prepared February 2016 Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2016. Status and occurrence of coral species from Tonga. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Copyright European Commission 2016 The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research with policy advice and the development of decision tools. We are able to provide objective, scientifically rigorous products and services to help decision-makers recognize the value of biodiversity and apply this knowledge to all that they do. To do this, we collate and verify data on biodiversity and ecosystem services that we analyze and interpret in comprehensive assessments, making the results available in appropriate forms for national and international level decision-makers and businesses. To ensure that our work is both sustainable and equitable we seek to build the capacity of partners where needed, so that they can provide the same services at national and regional scales. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP, contributory organisations or editors. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of a commercial entity or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by UNEP. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK Tel: +44 1223 277314 UNEP promotes www.unep-wcmc.org environmentally sound practices globally and in its own activities. Printing on paper from environmentally 2 sustainable forests and recycled fibre is encouraged. Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Identifying the gaps ............................................................................................................................... 2 Recommendations ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1 Introduction An understanding of species occurrence at the national level is essential to underpin CITES permitting processes. However, current knowledge about the distribution of certain groups in particular countries, such as corals from Tonga, is incomplete. This document provides an overview of the gaps in knowledge of the occurrence of coral species in Tonga, to support discussion of coral species distribution by the SRG. 2 To assess the extent of uncertainty in the information on the occurrence of coral species in Tonga, the European Commission requested that UNEP-WCMC provide an overview of distribution knowledge gaps. This report presents information on; i) species that are thought or predicted to occur in Tonga, but for which a recent or conclusive reference to confirm this distribution is lacking (accordingly, these species are reported in Species+ has having ‘uncertain’ distribution in Tonga); ii) species reported in trade as wild-sourced from Tonga, but Tonga is not reported as a range State in Species+. Identifying the gaps All coral species which are reported to occur in Tonga have a reference associated with the distribution record. Table 1 presents coral species for which Tonga is considered as a range State in Species+, but the distribution is listed as having an ‘uncertain’ distribution in the country. This includes species with a reference published a long time ago (prior to 1950) as well as species listed in the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) range maps (2013) indicating that Tonga is within the species’ expected or possible distribution range, but where there is no published confirmation of occurrence in the country since 1950. Species in Table 1 were also checked against wild-sourced direct or indirect trade reported in the CITES Trade Database, and trade is indicated where relevant. To identify species that may occur in Tonga, but are not listed as occurring in the country in Species+, any species with recorded levels of wild-sourced direct or indirect trade between 2010 and 2014 in the CITES Trade Database were cross-referenced with Species+ to produce a list of species traded from Tonga that are not recorded to occur there according to Species+ (Table 2). Table 1. Coral species included in Species+ with a distribution in Tonga defined as ‘uncertain’. (Defined as Tonga falling within the probable extent of occurrence on Australian Institute of Marine Science maps and cases where any reports of the species occuring in Tonga are older than 1950 or there is no conclusive or recent (post-1950) distribution reference (based on data from Species+ downloaded on 18 December 2015. ‘’ indicates trade was recorded in the species based on data from CITES Trade Database downloaded on 08 January 2016. Trade was reported as both direct and indirect unless otherwise stated). 2 Reference Traded? Reference Traded? Species included in Species included in Species+ Species+ Acanthastrea [A] [A] Alveopora ocellata bowerbanki Alveopora [A] Acropora [A] spongiosa anthocercis Alveopora [A] Acropora aspera [A], [B] verrilliana 3 Acropora Astreopora [A] [A] brueggemanni cucullata Acropora Astreopora [A] [A] caroliniana gracilis [A] Astreopora Acropora clathrata [A] Acropora copiosa [A] randalli [A] Acropora Astreopora scabra [A] Astreopora crateriformis [A] Acropora suggesta [A] exquisita Barabattoia laddi [A] [A, as (direct only) Acropora formosa [A], [B] Caulastraea Caulastrea Acropora furcata [A] furcata] globiceps Coscinaraea [A] Acropora humilis [A], [B] exaesa Coscinaraea Acropora inermis [A] [A] wellsi Acropora insignis [A] (indirect only) Ctenactis Acropora kirstyae [A] [A] albitentaculata [A], [B] Acropora listeri Ctenactis crassa [A] [A] Acropora lovelli Cynarina [A] Acropora nana [A] (direct only) lacrymalis Acropora Cyphastrea [A] [A] palmerae decadia Acropora Echinophyllia [A] [A] paniculata echinata Echinopora Acropora parilis [A] [A] Acropora (direct only) hirsutissima [A] Echinopora prostrata [A] mammiformis Acropora retusa [A] Euphyllia cristata [A] Acropora [A] Euphyllia solitaryensis [A] Acropora glabrescens [A] speciosa Favia danae [A] Acropora Favia maritima [A] [A] tutuilensis Favia veroni [A] [A] Alveopora allingi Favites bestae [A] Alveopora [A, as Diaseris [A] Fungia distorta fenestrata distorta] 3 Reference Traded? Reference Traded? Species included in Species included in Species+ Species+ [A, as Diaseris Leptoseris Fungia fragilis fragilis] [A] gardineri Fungia granulosa [A] Leptoseris [A] Fungia [A] hawaiiensis moluccensis Leptoseris [A] Fungia scruposa [A] incrustans [A, as Leptoseris Fungia sinensis Cycloseris [A] sinensis] mycetoseroides [A, as Leptoseris [A] Fungia tenuis Cycloseris papyracea sinensis], [D] [A] [A, as Leptoseris scabra Fungia vaughani Cycloseris Leptoseris solida [A] vaughani] Leptoseris yabei [A] Goniastrea [A] Lithophyllon palauensis [A] Goniopora mokai [A] Lithophyllon columna [A] undulatum Goniopora minor [A] (indirect only) Lobophyllia hataii [A] Goniopora [A] Lobophyllia pandoraensis [A] Goniopora pachysepta [A] somaliensis Madracis kirbyi [A] [A] Millepora (direct only) Goniopora stokesi [E] Goniopora alcicornis [A] Montipora stutchburyi [A] Goniopora aequituberculata [A] Montipora tenuidens [A] Heliofungia (direct only) australiensis [A] Montipora actiniformis [A] caliculata Herpolitha weberi [A] Montipora capitata [A] Heterocyathus [A] Montipora aequicostatus [A] Heteropsammia capricornis [A] Montipora cochlea [A] Hydnophora crassituberculata [A] (direct only) grandis Montipora digitata [A], [C] Leptastrea bottae [A] Montipora effusa [A] Leptastrea Montipora hispida [A] [A] inaequalis Montipora lobulata [A] Leptastrea [A] Montipora purpurea [A] turtlensis Leptoseris [A] Mycedium explanata [A] mancaoi Pavona bipartita [A] 4 Reference Traded? Reference Traded? Species included in Species included in Species+ Species+ [A] Psammocora Pavona duerdeni [A] Pavona superficialis [A] Sandalolitha explanulata [A] Pavona (direct only) dentata [A] Scapophyllia maldivensis [A] 5 Pectinia alcicornis [A] cylindrica Seriatopora Pectinia elongata [A] [A] caliendrum Pectinia lactuca [A] Seriatopora [A] Pectinia paeonia [A] stellata Physogyra Stylocoeniella [A] [A] lichtensteini armata [A] Stylocoeniella Platygyra contorta [A] Platygyra guentheri [A] Stylophora ryukyuensis [A] Plerogyra simplex [A] subseriata Tubastraea Plerogyra sinuosa [A] [C] micranthus Plesiastrea [A] Turbinaria versipora [A] frondens Pocillopora [A] Turbinaria patula [A] capitata Turbinaria Pocillopora [A] [A] radicalis elegans Zoopilus Pocillopora [A] [A] echinatus ligulata Podabacia [A] crustacea Podabacia [A] motuporensis Porites arnaudi [A] Porites [A] horizontalata
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Checklist of Fish and Invertebrates Listed in the CITES Appendices
    JOINTS NATURE \=^ CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Checklist of fish and mvertebrates Usted in the CITES appendices JNCC REPORT (SSN0963-«OStl JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Report distribution Report Number: No. 238 Contract Number/JNCC project number: F7 1-12-332 Date received: 9 June 1995 Report tide: Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices Contract tide: Revised Checklists of CITES species database Contractor: World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL Comments: A further fish and invertebrate edition in the Checklist series begun by NCC in 1979, revised and brought up to date with current CITES listings Restrictions: Distribution: JNCC report collection 2 copies Nature Conservancy Council for England, HQ, Library 1 copy Scottish Natural Heritage, HQ, Library 1 copy Countryside Council for Wales, HQ, Library 1 copy A T Smail, Copyright Libraries Agent, 100 Euston Road, London, NWl 2HQ 5 copies British Library, Legal Deposit Office, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ 1 copy Chadwick-Healey Ltd, Cambridge Place, Cambridge, CB2 INR 1 copy BIOSIS UK, Garforth House, 54 Michlegate, York, YOl ILF 1 copy CITES Management and Scientific Authorities of EC Member States total 30 copies CITES Authorities, UK Dependencies total 13 copies CITES Secretariat 5 copies CITES Animals Committee chairman 1 copy European Commission DG Xl/D/2 1 copy World Conservation Monitoring Centre 20 copies TRAFFIC International 5 copies Animal Quarantine Station, Heathrow 1 copy Department of the Environment (GWD) 5 copies Foreign & Commonwealth Office (ESED) 1 copy HM Customs & Excise 3 copies M Bradley Taylor (ACPO) 1 copy ^\(\\ Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report No.
    [Show full text]
  • SEDIMENTARY FRAMEWORK of Lmainland FRINGING REEF DEVELOPMENT, CAPE TRIBULATION AREA
    GREAT BARRIER REEF MARINE PARK AUTHORITY TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM GBRMPA-TM-14 SEDIMENTARY FRAMEWORK OF lMAINLAND FRINGING REEF DEVELOPMENT, CAPE TRIBULATION AREA D.P. JOHNSON and RM.CARTER Department of Geology James Cook University of North Queensland Townsville, Q 4811, Australia DATE November, 1987 SUMMARY Mainland fringing reefs with a diverse coral fauna have developed in the Cape Tribulation area primarily upon coastal sedi- ment bodies such as beach shoals and creek mouth bars. Growth on steep rocky headlands is minor. The reefs have exten- sive sandy beaches to landward, and an irregular outer margin. Typically there is a raised platform of dead nef along the outer edge of the reef, and dead coral columns lie buried under the reef flat. Live coral growth is restricted to the outer reef slope. Seaward of the reefs is a narrow wedge of muddy, terrigenous sediment, which thins offshore. Beach, reef and inner shelf sediments all contain 50% terrigenous material, indicating the reefs have always grown under conditions of heavy terrigenous influx. The relatively shallow lower limit of coral growth (ca 6m below ADD) is typical of reef growth in turbid waters, where decreased light levels inhibit coral growth. Radiocarbon dating of material from surveyed sites confirms the age of the fossil coral columns as 33304110 ybp, indicating that they grew during the late postglacial sea-level high (ca 5500-6500 ybp). The former thriving reef-flat was killed by a post-5500 ybp sea-level fall of ca 1 m. Although this study has not assessed the community structure of the fringing reefs, nor whether changes are presently occur- ring, it is clear the corals present today on the fore-reef slope have always lived under heavy terrigenous influence, and that the fossil reef-flat can be explained as due to the mid-Holocene fall in sea-level.
    [Show full text]
  • Euphyllia Paradivisa :: Biological Information
    LISTED CORALS IN THE INDO-PACIFIC Euphyllia paradivisa :: Biological Information MORPHOLOGY Pacific Islands Region Colonies of Euphyllia paradivisa are made up of branching, separate corallites. Polyps have branching tentacles. Color is pale greenish-grey or pink (in rare instances) with lighter tentacle tips. Photos copyright: J.E.N. Veron (left), Douglas Fenner (right) REPRODUCTION Euphyllia paradivisa’s reproductive mode is not known. Other Euphyllia species display a variety of reproductive modes so it is unclear which is most probable of this species. :: Spatial Information GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Based on confrmed observations and strong predictions of occurrence in areas that have not yet been surveyed sufciently, Euphyllia paradivisa is likely distributed mostly in the Coral Triangle area (the Philippines to Timor Leste and east to the Solomon Islands). It is also confrmed to occur in American Samoa. For more information contact: NMFS Pacifc Islands Regional Offce 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 176 Honolulu, HI 96818 Tel: 808-725-5000 Website: www.fpir.noaa.gov U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries NOAA Fisheries | Listed Corals in the Indo-Pacific:Euphyllia paradivisa LEGEND Region with confrmed record of species occurrence Region with predicted record of species occurrence Region with published record of species occurrence that needs further investigation Region with no record of species occurrence Veron JEN, Stafford-Smith MG, Turak E and DeVantier LM (in prep.) Corals of the World www.coralsoftheworld.com OCCURRENCE IN U.S. JURISDICTIONS Euphyllia paradivisa has not yet been reported from Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), and the Pacifc Remote Island Areas (PRIA).
    [Show full text]
  • Response of Fluorescence Morphs of the Mesophotic Coral Euphyllia Paradivisa to Ultra-Violet Radiation
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Response of fuorescence morphs of the mesophotic coral Euphyllia paradivisa to ultra-violet radiation Received: 23 August 2018 Or Ben-Zvi 1,2, Gal Eyal 1,2,3 & Yossi Loya 1 Accepted: 15 March 2019 Euphyllia paradivisa is a strictly mesophotic coral in the reefs of Eilat that displays a striking color Published: xx xx xxxx polymorphism, attributed to fuorescent proteins (FPs). FPs, which are used as visual markers in biomedical research, have been suggested to serve as photoprotectors or as facilitators of photosynthesis in corals due to their ability to transform light. Solar radiation that penetrates the sea includes, among others, both vital photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and ultra-violet radiation (UVR). Both types, at high intensities, are known to have negative efects on corals, ranging from cellular damage to changes in community structure. In the present study, fuorescence morphs of E. paradivisa were used to investigate UVR response in a mesophotic organism and to examine the phenomenon of fuorescence polymorphism. E. paradivisa, although able to survive in high-light environments, displayed several physiological and behavioral responses that indicated severe light and UVR stress. We suggest that high PAR and UVR are potential drivers behind the absence of this coral from shallow reefs. Moreover, we found no signifcant diferences between the diferent fuorescence morphs’ responses and no evidence of either photoprotection or photosynthesis enhancement. We therefore suggest that FPs in mesophotic corals might have a diferent biological role than that previously hypothesized for shallow corals. Te solar radiation that reaches the earth’s surface includes, among others, ultra-violet radiation (UVR; 280– 400 nm) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400–700 nm).
    [Show full text]
  • Resurrecting a Subgenus to Genus: Molecular Phylogeny of Euphyllia and Fimbriaphyllia (Order Scleractinia; Family Euphylliidae; Clade V)
    Resurrecting a subgenus to genus: molecular phylogeny of Euphyllia and Fimbriaphyllia (order Scleractinia; family Euphylliidae; clade V) Katrina S. Luzon1,2,3,*, Mei-Fang Lin4,5,6,*, Ma. Carmen A. Ablan Lagman1,7, Wilfredo Roehl Y. Licuanan1,2,3 and Chaolun Allen Chen4,8,9,* 1 Biology Department, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines 2 Shields Ocean Research (SHORE) Center, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines 3 The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines 4 Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 5 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia 6 Evolutionary Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan 7 Center for Natural Sciences and Environmental Research (CENSER), De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines 8 Taiwan International Graduate Program-Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 9 Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background. The corallum is crucial in building coral reefs and in diagnosing systematic relationships in the order Scleractinia. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed a paraphyly in a majority of traditional families and genera among Scleractinia showing that other biological attributes of the coral, such as polyp morphology and reproductive traits, are underutilized. Among scleractinian genera, the Euphyllia, with nine nominal species in the Indo-Pacific region, is one of the groups Submitted 30 May 2017 that await phylogenetic resolution. Multiple genetic markers were used to construct Accepted 31 October 2017 Published 4 December 2017 the phylogeny of six Euphyllia species, namely E. ancora, E. divisa, E.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Corals Supplemental Information Report
    Supplemental Information Report on Status Review Report And Draft Management Report For 82 Coral Candidate Species November 2012 Southeast and Pacific Islands Regional Offices National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Department of Commerce Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Background ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Methods .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 MISCELLANEOUS COMMENTS RECEIVED ...................................................................................................... 3 SRR EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2. General Background on Corals and Coral Reefs .................................................................................... 4 2.1 Taxonomy & Distribution .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Scleractinia Fauna of Taiwan I
    Scleractinia Fauna of Taiwan I. The Complex Group 台灣石珊瑚誌 I. 複雜類群 Chang-feng Dai and Sharon Horng Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University Published by National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan Table of Contents Scleractinia Fauna of Taiwan ................................................................................................1 General Introduction ........................................................................................................1 Historical Review .............................................................................................................1 Basics for Coral Taxonomy ..............................................................................................4 Taxonomic Framework and Phylogeny ........................................................................... 9 Family Acroporidae ............................................................................................................ 15 Montipora ...................................................................................................................... 17 Acropora ........................................................................................................................ 47 Anacropora .................................................................................................................... 95 Isopora ...........................................................................................................................96 Astreopora ......................................................................................................................99
    [Show full text]
  • De Novo Transcriptome Assembly from the Gonads of a Scleractinian Coral
    Chiu et al. BMC Genomics (2020) 21:732 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07113-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access De novo transcriptome assembly from the gonads of a scleractinian coral, Euphyllia ancora: molecular mechanisms underlying scleractinian gametogenesis Yi-Ling Chiu1,2, Shinya Shikina3,4*, Yuki Yoshioka5, Chuya Shinzato5* and Ching-Fong Chang4,6* Abstract Background: Sexual reproduction of scleractinians has captured the attention of researchers and the general public for decades. Although extensive ecological data has been acquired, underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, to better understand mechanisms underlying gametogenesis, we isolated ovaries and testes at different developmental phases from a gonochoric coral, Euphyllia ancora, and adopted a transcriptomic approach to reveal sex- and phase-specific gene expression profiles. In particular, we explored genes associated with oocyte development and maturation, spermiogenesis, sperm motility / capacitation, and fertilization. Results: 1.6 billion raw reads were obtained from 24 gonadal samples. De novo assembly of trimmed reads, and elimination of contigs derived from symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae) and other organisms yielded a reference E. ancora gonadal transcriptome of 35,802 contigs. Analysis of 4 developmental phases identified 2023 genes that were differentially expressed during oogenesis and 678 during spermatogenesis. In premature/mature ovaries, 631 genes were specifically upregulated, with 538 in mature testes. Upregulated genes included those involved in gametogenesis, gamete maturation, sperm motility / capacitation, and fertilization in other metazoans, including humans. Meanwhile, a large number of genes without homology to sequences in the SWISS-PROT database were also observed among upregulated genes in premature / mature ovaries and mature testes.
    [Show full text]
  • Symbiodinium—Invertebrate Symbioses and the Role of Metabolomics
    Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 2546-2568; doi:10.3390/md8102546 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review Symbiodinium—Invertebrate Symbioses and the Role of Metabolomics Benjamin R. Gordon 1,* and William Leggat 2,3 1 AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia 2 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-7-47815395; Fax: +61-7-47816078. Received: 26 August 2010; in revised form: 24 September 2010 / Accepted: 26 September 2010 / Published: 30 September 2010 Abstract: Symbioses play an important role within the marine environment. Among the most well known of these symbioses is that between coral and the photosynthetic dinoflagellate, Symbiodinium spp. Understanding the metabolic relationships between the host and the symbiont is of the utmost importance in order to gain insight into how this symbiosis may be disrupted due to environmental stressors. Here we summarize the metabolites related to nutritional roles, diel cycles and the common metabolites associated with the invertebrate-Symbiodinium relationship. We also review the more obscure metabolites and toxins that have been identified through natural products and biomarker research. Finally, we discuss the key role that metabolomics and functional genomics will play in understanding these important symbioses. Keywords: metabolomics; zooxanthellae; marine; Symbiodinium; coral 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Diel Patterns of Larval Release by Five Brooding Scleractinian Corals
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 321: 133–142, 2006 Published September 8 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Diel patterns of larval release by five brooding scleractinian corals Tung-Yung Fan1, 2,*, Ke-Han Lin1, 3, Fu-Wen Kuo1, Keryea Soong3, Li-Lian Liu3, Lee-Shing Fang1, 2 1National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan 944, ROC 2Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolution, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan 974, ROC 3Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 804, ROC ABSTRACT: Timing of larval release in benthic marine invertebrates plays an important role in determining the reproductive success and extent of larval dispersal. Few studies have been conducted on diel variations in planula release by corals. Five brooding corals Seriatopora hystrix, Stylophora pistillata, Pocillopora damicornis, Euphyllia glabrescens, and Tubastraea aurea in Nan- wan Bay, southern Taiwan, were selected to compare diel patterns of planula release. Corals were collected from the field and maintained in outdoor, flow-through systems to quantify the hourly release of planulae. Planulation by S. hystrix and S. pistillata was highly synchronized with 1 peak of planula release occurring close to sunrise. Planulae of P. damicornis and E. glabrescens were released throughout the day, and usually 2 peaks occurred in the early morning and at night. Planu- lation of the ahermatypic coral T. aurea occurred throughout the day without a consistent peak. The diel cycle of planulation for all 3 pocilloporids and E. glabrescens suggests that the light-dark cycle may be the cue that induces planula release. The majority of planulae of these 4 species being released in the dark might be beneficial for minimizing predation effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Jan 2021 London Zoo Stocklist.Pdf (596.63
    ZSL London Zoo - January 2021 stocklist Status at 01.01.2021 m f unk Invertebrata Aurelia aurita * Moon jellyfish 0 0 150 Pachyclavularia violacea * Purple star coral 0 0 1 Tubipora musica * Organ-pipe coral 0 0 2 Pinnigorgia sp. * Sea fan 0 0 20 Sarcophyton sp. * Leathery soft coral 0 0 5 Sinularia sp. * Leathery soft coral 0 0 18 Sinularia dura * Cabbage leather coral 0 0 4 Sinularia polydactyla * Many-fingered leather coral 0 0 3 Xenia sp. * Yellow star coral 0 0 1 Heliopora coerulea * Blue coral 0 0 12 Entacmaea quadricolor Bladdertipped anemone 0 0 1 Epicystis sp. * Speckled anemone 0 0 1 Phymanthus crucifer * Red beaded anemone 0 0 11 Heteractis sp. * Elegant armed anemone 0 0 1 Stichodactyla tapetum Mini carpet anemone 0 0 1 Discosoma sp. * Umbrella false coral 0 0 21 Rhodactis sp. * Mushroom coral 0 0 8 Ricordea sp. * Emerald false coral 0 0 19 Acropora sp. * Staghorn coral 0 0 115 Acropora humilis * Staghorn coral 0 0 1 Acropora yongei * Staghorn coral 0 0 2 Montipora sp. * Montipora coral 0 0 5 Montipora capricornis * Coral 0 0 5 Montipora confusa * Encrusting coral 0 0 22 Montipora danae * Coral 0 0 23 Montipora digitata * Finger coral 0 0 6 Montipora foliosa * Hard coral 0 0 10 Montipora hodgsoni * Coral 0 0 2 Pocillopora sp. * Cauliflower coral 0 0 27 Seriatopora hystrix * Bird nest coral 0 0 8 Stylophora sp. * Cauliflower coral 0 0 1 Stylophora pistillata * Pink cauliflower coral 0 0 23 Catalaphyllia jardinei * Elegance coral 0 0 4 Euphyllia ancora * Crescent coral 0 0 4 Euphyllia glabrescens * Joker's cap coral 0 0 2 Euphyllia paradivisa * Branching frog spawn 0 0 3 Euphyllia paraancora * Branching hammer coral 0 0 3 Euphyllia yaeyamaensis * Crescent coral 0 0 4 Plerogyra sinuosa * Bubble coral 0 0 1 Duncanopsammia axifuga + Coral 0 0 2 Tubastraea sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Jan 2021 ZSL Stocklist.Pdf (699.26
    Zoological Society of London - January 2021 stocklist ZSL LONDON ZOO Status at 01.01.2021 m f unk Invertebrata Aurelia aurita * Moon jellyfish 0 0 150 Pachyclavularia violacea * Purple star coral 0 0 1 Tubipora musica * Organ-pipe coral 0 0 2 Pinnigorgia sp. * Sea fan 0 0 20 Sarcophyton sp. * Leathery soft coral 0 0 5 Sinularia sp. * Leathery soft coral 0 0 18 Sinularia dura * Cabbage leather coral 0 0 4 Sinularia polydactyla * Many-fingered leather coral 0 0 3 Xenia sp. * Yellow star coral 0 0 1 Heliopora coerulea * Blue coral 0 0 12 Entacmaea quadricolor Bladdertipped anemone 0 0 1 Epicystis sp. * Speckled anemone 0 0 1 Phymanthus crucifer * Red beaded anemone 0 0 11 Heteractis sp. * Elegant armed anemone 0 0 1 Stichodactyla tapetum Mini carpet anemone 0 0 1 Discosoma sp. * Umbrella false coral 0 0 21 Rhodactis sp. * Mushroom coral 0 0 8 Ricordea sp. * Emerald false coral 0 0 19 Acropora sp. * Staghorn coral 0 0 115 Acropora humilis * Staghorn coral 0 0 1 Acropora yongei * Staghorn coral 0 0 2 Montipora sp. * Montipora coral 0 0 5 Montipora capricornis * Coral 0 0 5 Montipora confusa * Encrusting coral 0 0 22 Montipora danae * Coral 0 0 23 Montipora digitata * Finger coral 0 0 6 Montipora foliosa * Hard coral 0 0 10 Montipora hodgsoni * Coral 0 0 2 Pocillopora sp. * Cauliflower coral 0 0 27 Seriatopora hystrix * Bird nest coral 0 0 8 Stylophora sp. * Cauliflower coral 0 0 1 Stylophora pistillata * Pink cauliflower coral 0 0 23 Catalaphyllia jardinei * Elegance coral 0 0 4 Euphyllia ancora * Crescent coral 0 0 4 Euphyllia glabrescens * Joker's cap coral 0 0 2 Euphyllia paradivisa * Branching frog spawn 0 0 3 Euphyllia paraancora * Branching hammer coral 0 0 3 Euphyllia yaeyamaensis * Crescent coral 0 0 4 Plerogyra sinuosa * Bubble coral 0 0 1 Duncanopsammia axifuga + Coral 0 0 2 Tubastraea sp.
    [Show full text]