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Assessment of Distribution Information Gaps for Coral Species in Tonga

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UNEP-WCMC technical report Assessment of distribution information gaps for coral species in Tonga (Version edited for public release) Assessment of distribution information gaps for coral species in Tonga Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements, Brussels, Belgium Prepared February 2016 Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2016. Status and occurrence of coral species from Tonga. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Copyright European Commission 2016 The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research with policy advice and the development of decision tools. We are able to provide objective, scientifically rigorous products and services to help decision-makers recognize the value of biodiversity and apply this knowledge to all that they do. To do this, we collate and verify data on biodiversity and ecosystem services that we analyze and interpret in comprehensive assessments, making the results available in appropriate forms for national and international level decision-makers and businesses. To ensure that our work is both sustainable and equitable we seek to build the capacity of partners where needed, so that they can provide the same services at national and regional scales. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP, contributory organisations or editors. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of a commercial entity or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by UNEP. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK Tel: +44 1223 277314 UNEP promotes www.unep-wcmc.org environmentally sound practices globally and in its own activities. Printing on paper from environmentally 2 sustainable forests and recycled fibre is encouraged. Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Identifying the gaps ............................................................................................................................... 2 Recommendations ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1 Introduction An understanding of species occurrence at the national level is essential to underpin CITES permitting processes. However, current knowledge about the distribution of certain groups in particular countries, such as corals from Tonga, is incomplete. This document provides an overview of the gaps in knowledge of the occurrence of coral species in Tonga, to support discussion of coral species distribution by the SRG. 2 To assess the extent of uncertainty in the information on the occurrence of coral species in Tonga, the European Commission requested that UNEP-WCMC provide an overview of distribution knowledge gaps. This report presents information on; i) species that are thought or predicted to occur in Tonga, but for which a recent or conclusive reference to confirm this distribution is lacking (accordingly, these species are reported in Species+ has having ‘uncertain’ distribution in Tonga); ii) species reported in trade as wild-sourced from Tonga, but Tonga is not reported as a range State in Species+. Identifying the gaps All coral species which are reported to occur in Tonga have a reference associated with the distribution record. Table 1 presents coral species for which Tonga is considered as a range State in Species+, but the distribution is listed as having an ‘uncertain’ distribution in the country. This includes species with a reference published a long time ago (prior to 1950) as well as species listed in the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) range maps (2013) indicating that Tonga is within the species’ expected or possible distribution range, but where there is no published confirmation of occurrence in the country since 1950. Species in Table 1 were also checked against wild-sourced direct or indirect trade reported in the CITES Trade Database, and trade is indicated where relevant. To identify species that may occur in Tonga, but are not listed as occurring in the country in Species+, any species with recorded levels of wild-sourced direct or indirect trade between 2010 and 2014 in the CITES Trade Database were cross-referenced with Species+ to produce a list of species traded from Tonga that are not recorded to occur there according to Species+ (Table 2). Table 1. Coral species included in Species+ with a distribution in Tonga defined as ‘uncertain’. (Defined as Tonga falling within the probable extent of occurrence on Australian Institute of Marine Science maps and cases where any reports of the species occuring in Tonga are older than 1950 or there is no conclusive or recent (post-1950) distribution reference (based on data from Species+ downloaded on 18 December 2015. ‘’ indicates trade was recorded in the species based on data from CITES Trade Database downloaded on 08 January 2016. Trade was reported as both direct and indirect unless otherwise stated). 2 Reference Traded? Reference Traded? Species included in Species included in Species+ Species+ Acanthastrea [A] [A] Alveopora ocellata bowerbanki Alveopora [A] Acropora [A] spongiosa anthocercis Alveopora [A] Acropora aspera [A], [B] verrilliana 3 Acropora Astreopora [A] [A] brueggemanni cucullata Acropora Astreopora [A] [A] caroliniana gracilis [A] Astreopora Acropora clathrata [A] Acropora copiosa [A] randalli [A] Acropora Astreopora scabra [A] Astreopora crateriformis [A] Acropora suggesta [A] exquisita Barabattoia laddi [A] [A, as (direct only) Acropora formosa [A], [B] Caulastraea Caulastrea Acropora furcata [A] furcata] globiceps Coscinaraea [A] Acropora humilis [A], [B] exaesa Coscinaraea Acropora inermis [A] [A] wellsi Acropora insignis [A] (indirect only) Ctenactis Acropora kirstyae [A] [A] albitentaculata [A], [B] Acropora listeri Ctenactis crassa [A] [A] Acropora lovelli Cynarina [A] Acropora nana [A] (direct only) lacrymalis Acropora Cyphastrea [A] [A] palmerae decadia Acropora Echinophyllia [A] [A] paniculata echinata Echinopora Acropora parilis [A] [A] Acropora (direct only) hirsutissima [A] Echinopora prostrata [A] mammiformis Acropora retusa [A] Euphyllia cristata [A] Acropora [A] Euphyllia solitaryensis [A] Acropora glabrescens [A] speciosa Favia danae [A] Acropora Favia maritima [A] [A] tutuilensis Favia veroni [A] [A] Alveopora allingi Favites bestae [A] Alveopora [A, as Diaseris [A] Fungia distorta fenestrata distorta] 3 Reference Traded? Reference Traded? Species included in Species included in Species+ Species+ [A, as Diaseris Leptoseris Fungia fragilis fragilis] [A] gardineri Fungia granulosa [A] Leptoseris [A] Fungia [A] hawaiiensis moluccensis Leptoseris [A] Fungia scruposa [A] incrustans [A, as Leptoseris Fungia sinensis Cycloseris [A] sinensis] mycetoseroides [A, as Leptoseris [A] Fungia tenuis Cycloseris papyracea sinensis], [D] [A] [A, as Leptoseris scabra Fungia vaughani Cycloseris Leptoseris solida [A] vaughani] Leptoseris yabei [A] Goniastrea [A] Lithophyllon palauensis [A] Goniopora mokai [A] Lithophyllon columna [A] undulatum Goniopora minor [A] (indirect only) Lobophyllia hataii [A] Goniopora [A] Lobophyllia pandoraensis [A] Goniopora pachysepta [A] somaliensis Madracis kirbyi [A] [A] Millepora (direct only) Goniopora stokesi [E] Goniopora alcicornis [A] Montipora stutchburyi [A] Goniopora aequituberculata [A] Montipora tenuidens [A] Heliofungia (direct only) australiensis [A] Montipora actiniformis [A] caliculata Herpolitha weberi [A] Montipora capitata [A] Heterocyathus [A] Montipora aequicostatus [A] Heteropsammia capricornis [A] Montipora cochlea [A] Hydnophora crassituberculata [A] (direct only) grandis Montipora digitata [A], [C] Leptastrea bottae [A] Montipora effusa [A] Leptastrea Montipora hispida [A] [A] inaequalis Montipora lobulata [A] Leptastrea [A] Montipora purpurea [A] turtlensis Leptoseris [A] Mycedium explanata [A] mancaoi Pavona bipartita [A] 4 Reference Traded? Reference Traded? Species included in Species included in Species+ Species+ [A] Psammocora Pavona duerdeni [A] Pavona superficialis [A] Sandalolitha explanulata [A] Pavona (direct only) dentata [A] Scapophyllia maldivensis [A] 5 Pectinia alcicornis [A] cylindrica Seriatopora Pectinia elongata [A] [A] caliendrum Pectinia lactuca [A] Seriatopora [A] Pectinia paeonia [A] stellata Physogyra Stylocoeniella [A] [A] lichtensteini armata [A] Stylocoeniella Platygyra contorta [A] Platygyra guentheri [A] Stylophora ryukyuensis [A] Plerogyra simplex [A] subseriata Tubastraea Plerogyra sinuosa [A] [C] micranthus Plesiastrea [A] Turbinaria versipora [A] frondens Pocillopora [A] Turbinaria patula [A] capitata Turbinaria Pocillopora [A] [A] radicalis elegans Zoopilus Pocillopora [A] [A] echinatus ligulata Podabacia [A] crustacea Podabacia [A] motuporensis Porites arnaudi [A] Porites [A] horizontalata
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    Zoological Society of London - January 2021 stocklist ZSL LONDON ZOO Status at 01.01.2021 m f unk Invertebrata Aurelia aurita * Moon jellyfish 0 0 150 Pachyclavularia violacea * Purple star coral 0 0 1 Tubipora musica * Organ-pipe coral 0 0 2 Pinnigorgia sp. * Sea fan 0 0 20 Sarcophyton sp. * Leathery soft coral 0 0 5 Sinularia sp. * Leathery soft coral 0 0 18 Sinularia dura * Cabbage leather coral 0 0 4 Sinularia polydactyla * Many-fingered leather coral 0 0 3 Xenia sp. * Yellow star coral 0 0 1 Heliopora coerulea * Blue coral 0 0 12 Entacmaea quadricolor Bladdertipped anemone 0 0 1 Epicystis sp. * Speckled anemone 0 0 1 Phymanthus crucifer * Red beaded anemone 0 0 11 Heteractis sp. * Elegant armed anemone 0 0 1 Stichodactyla tapetum Mini carpet anemone 0 0 1 Discosoma sp. * Umbrella false coral 0 0 21 Rhodactis sp. * Mushroom coral 0 0 8 Ricordea sp. * Emerald false coral 0 0 19 Acropora sp. * Staghorn coral 0 0 115 Acropora humilis * Staghorn coral 0 0 1 Acropora yongei * Staghorn coral 0 0 2 Montipora sp. * Montipora coral 0 0 5 Montipora capricornis * Coral 0 0 5 Montipora confusa * Encrusting coral 0 0 22 Montipora danae * Coral 0 0 23 Montipora digitata * Finger coral 0 0 6 Montipora foliosa * Hard coral 0 0 10 Montipora hodgsoni * Coral 0 0 2 Pocillopora sp. * Cauliflower coral 0 0 27 Seriatopora hystrix * Bird nest coral 0 0 8 Stylophora sp. * Cauliflower coral 0 0 1 Stylophora pistillata * Pink cauliflower coral 0 0 23 Catalaphyllia jardinei * Elegance coral 0 0 4 Euphyllia ancora * Crescent coral 0 0 4 Euphyllia glabrescens * Joker's cap coral 0 0 2 Euphyllia paradivisa * Branching frog spawn 0 0 3 Euphyllia paraancora * Branching hammer coral 0 0 3 Euphyllia yaeyamaensis * Crescent coral 0 0 4 Plerogyra sinuosa * Bubble coral 0 0 1 Duncanopsammia axifuga + Coral 0 0 2 Tubastraea sp.