The Counterpoise Bi-Radial Engine
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DUMS I{ATIONALADVISORY COMMITTEE for AERONAUTICS
,- TECHN1CAL MEMO.RAI?DUMS i{ATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS. No. 309 —. LIGHT AEROPLANE ENGINE DEVELOPIM1lT. ... By Lieut. -Col. L. F. R, Fell. (Paper read at a joint meeting of the Royal Aeronautical Society and of the In8tit~~tion of Au_kornobileEngineersj February 19, 1925.) ..,’ —.—->... ,.. ,, April, 1925. —- .-— — 31176014410519 “LIGHT AEROPLANZ ENGINE.D~EIJOp~JE]TT~* ByLieut.-Col.-F ..F. R. Fell. It has frequently been stated and written that in order to popularize li,ght aircraft the”first essential is the production of a reliable engine capable of being easily maintained and.h,av- ing a long lif~, at the same time selling at a low figure. In the first part of this lecture it” is desired to point out the difficulties in the way of realizing this ideal before re~krking on the claims of the various types for adoption. Difficulties in the way of the Production of Light Aircraft Engines In the first place the public, and even aircraft designers, have been misled as to the t-ypeof engine that”is required by statements made in the nontechnical and sclilitcchnicalPress to the effect that it is possible to fly an aeroplane satisfactorily with a motorcycle engine. At this stage it is desired to state quite definitely that this is’impossible, as figures, which will be given later, cl-earlyindicate. T’nemethod of rating on capacity, instead of on a “~. basis - the normal manner for aircraft engines - has also caused—. consid- * Paper read at a joint mcetingof the Roycl Aeronautical Society and of the Institution of--ktomobile Engineers, February N, 19250 .— .-— .... -
FINAL PROJECT “Design a Radial Engine”
FINAL PROJECT “Design a Radial Engine” Project and Engineering Department Student: Maxim Tsankov Vasilev Tutors: Dr. Pedro Villanueva Roldan Dk. Pamplona, 27.07.2011 1 Contents I. Radial Engine ................................................................................................................................ 5 II. History of the Radial Engine ........................................................................................................... 7 III. Radial engines nowadays ......................................................................................................... 15 I. Kinematical and Dynamical Calculations ..................................................................................... 18 1. Ratio .............................................................................................................................................. 18 2. Angular velocity ............................................................................................................................ 18 3. Current Piston Stroke ................................................................................................................... 18 4. Area of the piston head: ............................................................................................................... 21 5. Different forces acting on the master-rod: .................................................................................. 21 II. Strength calculations of some of the major parts of the engine................................................ -
Master of Engineering Thesis Modelling a Novel Orbital Ic
Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha Telephone: +64-3-366 7001 Private Bag 4800 Facsimile: +64-3-364 2078 Christchurch 8020, New Zealand Website: www.mech.canterbury.ac.nz MASTER OF ENGINEERING THESIS MODELLING A NOVEL ORBITAL IC ENGINE TO AID FURTHER DESIGN By Lindsay Muir BE (Hons) 31 August 2014 Requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Approved by: Dr Dirk Pons, Project Supervisor 1 COPYRIGHT LINDSAY MUIR 24/10/2015 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 11 1.1 Scenario ............................................................................................................. 11 1.2 Purpose .............................................................................................................. 13 1.3 Scope ................................................................................................................. 14 2 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 15 2.1 The Radial and Rotary engine .......................................................................... 15 2.1.1 History ............................................................................................................. 15 2.1.2 Multi-row radials .............................................................................................. 18 2.1.3 Diesel radials ................................................................................................. -
Internal Combustion Engine (Edited from Wikipedia)
Internal Combustion Engine (Edited from Wikipedia) SUMMARY An internal combustion engine is an engine in which combustion, or the burning of fuel, occurs on the inside. It is a machine that makes large pressure increases inside a sealed box (cylinder). The pressure increase pushes a rod which is attached to a wheel. The rod pushes the wheel and makes it spin around. The spinning wheel is attached to other wheels, such as four car wheels, with a belt or a chain. The engine is very strong and can make all the wheels move. Engines need oil to make them slippery or the moving parts would grind together and stick. Parts of a car engine are measured to 0.01 of a millimeter and some engine parts fit together very tightly. Internal differs from external combustion where the fire is outside the engine, such as a steam engine. Most road vehicles use the internal combustion engine today, and most of those use the four-stroke engine. Rocket and jet engines are combustion engines but they do not turn wheels. The fire in their combustion chamber pushes gases rapidly out the back, which pushes the rocket forward. HISTORY Various scientists and engineers contributed to the development of internal combustion engines. In 1791 2, John Barber developed a turbine. In 1794 Thomas Mead patented a gas engine. Also in 1794 Robert Street patented an internal combustion engine, which was also the first to use liquid fuel (gasoline), and built an engine around that time. In 1798, John Stevens designed the first American internal combustion engine. -
Wankel Engine
R -1 it ' ..^ . A SURVEY OF ROTARY TYPE INTERNAL COMBUSTION 1 ENGINES WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS , ON THE N.S.U.-WANKEL ENGINE \ 1 J . by , '4 HIRIYUR VEERANNA CHANDRA SHJilKA i \ B. S., Mysore University, India, 1958 1 1 \ \ •1 A MASTER ' S REPORT submitted in partial fulfillment of the ; requirements for the degree • 1 MASTER OP SCIENCE Department of Mechanical Engineering KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY :i 1 Manhattan, Kansas 1 1966 V 1 "J Approved hy: 1 OM,. a/ Hy^^^Oa^ y Major i^ofessor .1 LP TABLE OP CONTENTS ^ ^ ^-, NOMENCLATURE iii INTRODUCTION 1 REVIEW OP LITERATURE ....',. 3 Rotary Piston Engines .... $ Rotary Cylinder Engines 11 Vane- type Engines 12 'Cat-and-mouse' Engines 13 N.S.U.-WANKEL ENGINE 1^ Optimum Shape l8 Principle of Operation 21 Engine Cycle 23 First Prototype ..... 25 COMPARISON WITH RECIPROCATING ENGINE 26 Combustion 26 Port Area 26 P-V Diagram 2? Sealing System 30 Cooling 32 DESIGN OP N.S.U.-WAMEL ENGINE 32 Output 2>k- Swept Volume 35 Engine Geometry - .•' 37 CONCLUSIONS . i^o ACKNOWLEDGMENT [^1 REFERENCES |j_2 Ill NOMENCLATURE e = eccentricity G = center of gravity h = thickness ,. N = rotational speed Pme ~ inean effective pressure P = output r = pitch circle radius R = generating radius V^ = volume of the chamber i_ = compression ratio ^ = angle of obliquity P = angle described by the line passing through the point of contact of the meshing gears and the center of the cir- cular hole in the rotor, with reference to a fixed axis 9 = angle of inclination of the line joining the center of the stator and the centroid of the rotor to the x-axis ,' ..• ^ = leaning angle , INTRODUCTION The conventional reciprocating internal combustion engine suffers from several fundamental shortcomings. -
Aircraft Propulsion C Fayette Taylor
SMITHSONIAN ANNALS OF FLIGHT AIRCRAFT PROPULSION C FAYETTE TAYLOR %L~^» ^ 0 *.». "itfnm^t.P *7 "•SI if' 9 #s$j?M | _•*• *• r " 12 H' .—• K- ZZZT "^ '! « 1 OOKfc —•II • • ~ Ifrfil K. • ««• ••arTT ' ,^IfimmP\ IS T A Review of the Evolution of Aircraft Piston Engines Volume 1, Number 4 (End of Volume) NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM 0/\ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN ANNALS OF FLIGHT VOLUME 1 . NUMBER 4 . (END OF VOLUME) AIRCRAFT PROPULSION A Review of the Evolution 0£ Aircraft Piston Engines C. FAYETTE TAYLOR Professor of Automotive Engineering Emeritus Massachusetts Institute of Technology SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON • 1971 Smithsonian Annals of Flight Numbers 1-4 constitute volume one of Smithsonian Annals of Flight. Subsequent numbers will not bear a volume designation, which has been dropped. The following earlier numbers of Smithsonian Annals of Flight are available from the Superintendent of Documents as indicated below: 1. The First Nonstop Coast-to-Coast Flight and the Historic T-2 Airplane, by Louis S. Casey, 1964. 90 pages, 43 figures, appendix, bibliography. Price 60ff. 2. The First Airplane Diesel Engine: Packard Model DR-980 of 1928, by Robert B. Meyer. 1964. 48 pages, 37 figures, appendix, bibliography. Price 60^. 3. The Liberty Engine 1918-1942, by Philip S. Dickey. 1968. 110 pages, 20 figures, appendix, bibliography. Price 75jf. The following numbers are in press: 5. The Wright Brothers Engines and Their Design, by Leonard S. Hobbs. 6. Langley's Aero Engine of 1903, by Robert B. Meyer. 7. The Curtiss D-12 Aero Engine, by Hugo Byttebier. -
Internal Combustion Engine
AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education Page 1 of 15 www.accessscience.com Internal combustion engine Contributed by: Neil MacCoull, Donald L. Anglin Publication year: 2014 A prime mover that burns fuel inside the engine, in contrast to an external combustion engine, such as a steam engine, which burns fuel in a separate furnace. See also: ENGINE . Most internal combustion engines are spark-ignition gasoline-fueled piston engines. These are used in automobiles, light- and medium-duty trucks, motorcycles, motorboats, lawn and garden equipment, and light industrial and portable power applications. Diesel engines are used in automobiles, trucks, buses, tractors, earthmoving equipment, as well as marine, power-generating, and heavier industrial and stationary applications. This article describes these types of engines. For other types of internal combustion engines see GAS TURBINE ; ROCKET PROPULSION ; TURBINE PROPULSION . The aircraft piston engine is fundamentally the same as that used in automobiles but is engineered for light weight and is usually air-cooled. See also: RECIPROCATING AIRCRAFT ENGINE . Engine types Characteristics common to all commercially successful internal combustion engines include (1) the compression of air, (2) the raising of air temperature by the combustion of fuel in this air at its elevated pressure, (3) the extraction of work from the heated air by expansion to the initial pressure, and (4) exhaust. Four-stroke cyc le. William Barnett first drew attention to the theoretical advantages of combustion under compression in 1838. In 1862 Beau de Rochas published a treatise that emphasized the value of combustion under pressure and a high ratio of expansion for fuel economy; he proposed the four-stroke engine cycle as a means of accomplishing these conditions in a piston engine ( Fig. -
Counterpoise Defined Final
A WHITE PAPER DESCRIBING THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE’S FINAL MODIFICATION THE COUNTERPOISE BI-RADIAL ENGINE Authored by Del Wolverton Chief Science Officer/Founder WolvertonBailey, Inc. SUMMARY This is the year, 2017, that we celebrate 140 years since Dr. Nikolas Otto patented the four-stroke internal combustion engine in 1877. His gasoline engine serves as the origin of the “Otto Cycle” which is used as the basis for seven internal combustion engine variants today. For purposes of this white paper, the four-cylinder Otto engine will be used as the “reference engine.” Since Dr. Otto’s engine was built around the origin of the four-stroke-cycle of the pistons, this allows us to have a piston per cycle. Many changes have taken place during the past century in the size and shape of the engine as designed for various uses, however, this original four-stroke cycle is still used even in the latest internal combustion engine, the Counterpoise Bi-Radial Engine. This discussion will first describe the “basis” Otto Cycle, providing a simple, “math-free” description of each of the four strokes in the cycle. Then, in order to help understand the operation, power, and weight advantages gained in the evolution, the author will take you through the existing variants, all the way to the latest internal combustion engine—complete with the final patented design, the WBI Counterpoise Bi-Radial Engine. CONTENTS Single-Piston of the Otto Cycle ..................................................................................................... 2 The Four -
History of the Internal Combustion Engine
1 2 THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Sorin RAŢIU1 1UNIVERSITY « POLITEHNICA » TIMIŞAORA FACULTY OF ENGINEERING HUNEDOARA ABSTRACT The article presents a brief outline of the history of the internal combustion engine industry. Engine design and car design were integral activities, almost all of the engine designers mentioned in the article also designed cars, and a few went on to become major manufacturers of automobiles. All of these inventors and more made notable improvements in the evolution of the internal combustion vehicles. KEYWORDS history, internal combustion engine 1. INTRODUCTION An internal combustion engine is any engine that uses the explosive combustion of fuel to push a piston within a cylinder - the piston's movement turns a crankshaft that then turns the car wheels via a chain or a drive shaft. The different types of fuel commonly used for car combustion engines are gasoline (or petrol), diesel, and kerosene. Many people claimed the invention of the internal combustion engine in the 1860's, but only one has the patent on the four stroke operating sequence. In 1867, Nikolaus August Otto, a German engineer, developed the four-stroke "Otto" cycle, which is widely used in transportation even today. Otto developed the four-stroke internal combustion engine when he was 34 years old. The Diesel Engine came about in 1892 by another German engineer, Rudolph Diesel. The Diesel engine is designed heavier and more powerful than gasoline engines and utilizes oil as fuel. Diesel engines are a commonly used in heavy machinery, locomotives, ships, and some automobiles. It is important to mention that the basic operating principles of these engines have been around for more than a hundred years and they are still in place. -